Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

The Empirical Study of Social Insurance for Migrant Workers

The social insurance problem of migrant workers is one of the main social problems that need to be solved in the city modernization and industrialization construction in China. The outstanding reflections are that attaching less importance to social insurance system, too high insurance fee and not perfect security system and other phenomena. This paper focuses on the empirical study and analysis of this type of problems, in order to put forward the feasible solution of social insurance for migrant workers. The migrant workers generally refer to the labor workers of household registration as farmers working in towns for non-agricultural occupation. At present, China＇ s migrant workers has exceeded 2.6 billion, and this group has been long in the city and rural edge, difficult to get the social insurance policy. According to the National Bureau statistics data, the migrant workers of not buying industrial injury insurance, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are respectively 67.64%, 73.37%, 73.77% and 84.65%. In order to guarantee the interests of vulnerable groups in the marginalized position, the social insurance problems of migrant workers have become the our focus.

Based on the human capital perspective to explore the social insurance premium is influence on the behavior of enterprises to participate in social insurance

To participate in social insurance is a major social responsibility of enterprises, even it is a mandatory social policy, companies still escaped pay society insurance. The serious consequences of this phenomenon become increasingly prominent.it not only damaged the justice of labor market, but also violated the staffs interest. Various factors influence enterprise to participate in social insurance behavior .Human capital is the impact of insurance companies. This paper is mainly focusing on the theory analysis of different human capital participating behavior of enterprises. From the perspective of human capital, using the cost-benefit theory and rational choice theory in economics to explore participating behavior, enterprise employees of different human capital differences in attitude to attend social insurance. No matter enterprises with higher or lower human capital, enterprises and employees choose to participate in social insurance act consistently. But, it can improve participate of low human capital enterprise behavior when payment rate reduced. So, it is suggested that establishing a lower level of social insurance system is helpful to expand coverage, it can through e^tahllgh the sunnlementarv insurance system meet the needs of more people.

A Dimension of Right in Analysing and Re-structuring Social Insurance in China

The right to social insurance has been largely recognized by various laws and treaties. However, such an issue in terms of its theoretical construction and systemic orientation, as well as criticism, guiding principles and control of the institutional reform of the social insurance system has yet to be adequately addressed from the perspective of human rights in this country. The paper addresses the dimension of rights by analysing this issue from both dimensions of human rights and people’s livelihoods. The author analyses the relationship between social insurance and the right to property, right to liberty and right to work, and argues for institutional improvement and reform of the social insurance system in this country.

Research on Social Medical Insurance of College Students in Shenyang

Objective To discuss the methods of improving the social insurance of college students by taking the application of college students’social insurance in Shenyang as an example.Methods The investigation and literature method were applied mainly.Results and Conclusion Through the questionnaire,the main problems for college students’medical insurance were analyzed in this paper,and proposals such as compulsory insurance,improving the level of medical services in colleges and hospitals,and strengthening commercial insurance and publicity were finally put forward.

Comparative Analysis on Policy Realization of Old and New Rural Social Endowment Insurance System

Based on the perspective of"political potential"and"incentive mechanism",this paper compares the different effects of the old rural social endowment insurance system and the new rural social endowment insurance system,so as to explain the policy realization degree of the old and new rural social endowment insurance system.According to the analysis,the new rural social endowment insurance system has greatly improved the implementation of policies,the implementation of policies,the overall planning ability between departments,and the enthusiasm of individual farmers to participate in the insurance.Compared with the old rural social endowment insurance system,the policy realization ability of the new rural social endowment insurance system has been significantly enhanced,and the effect of the policy realization has been significantly improved.

An Analysis of Social Security Coverage from the Perspective of Employment Structure: A Case Study of Basic Pension Insurance for Employees of Urban Enterprises

Since the 1990s,China has made great progress in developing its social security system,achieving the goal of universal coverage for various segments of the population.Nevertheless,it is urgent to improve the quality of coverage,specifically in tackling the problems of inadequate participation and reduced contribution levels in the private sector.This paper examines the changes in social security coverage over the past three decades,focusing on the basic pension insurance for employees of urban enterprises and analyzing it in terms of employment structure.A regression analysis of provincial panel data from 2001 to 2019 indicates a negative correlation between the adequacy rate of social security contributions and the number of employees in private entities and self-employed individuals.Additionally,an empirical analysis using micro-level data from enterprises further confirms lower contribution levels in private enterprises.In light of the present circumstances,it is important to focus on private enterprises,flexible workers,and self-employed individuals as key target groups for expanding social security coverage.Consequently,reforming the social security system should proactively adapt to the requirements of emerging employment formats,striving to achieve comprehensive coverage and enhance the quality of participation across various groups of people.

Budget Performance Management of the Social Insurance Fund from the Perspective of Inclusive Sharing

The funding and payout system of social insurance has a significant impact on both the welfare of individuals and the national governance.Budget performance management can optimize fiscal resource allocation and enhance the quality of public services.The inclusion of the social insurance fund budget in the national budget in 2013 as one of China's"four budgets"underscores the public value orientation it represents and shapes.The main challenge in enhancing the social insurance fund budget system lies in balancing the insurance attribute and the welfare attribute of social insurance,using an inclusive approach to achieve actuarial balance and budget balance,address potential imbalances,forecast and prevent future risks,and alleviate operational pressures.In the future,it is vital to raise the level of budget performance management for social insurance fund through scientific and reasonable performance evaluations,promote high-quality and sustainable development of China's social security programs,and realize shared development in the new phase of Chinese modernization.

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions:China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend;national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation;social welfare and social assistance have deficiency;coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.

China＇s social security fund risk management and social supervision research

Social security fund is the key of social security system to run the important material. Policy implementation of social security funds, operation supervision of safety and risk prevention and control and management, is to perfect social security system, to realize the sustainable development of the social security system important link. This paper expounds the basic status quo of China＇s social security fund risk control, risk prevention and control, the necessity of fund risk management, and analyzed the social power supervision in the way and the important significance.

Behaviour and perception of parents on irrational use of antibiotics in children at primary care level:A cross-sectional study from Turkey

Objective:To investigate the perception of antibiotics,the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic use,and the factors that lead to inappropriate antibiotic use by parents who apply to primary healthcare organizations.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 973 parents who applied to primary healthcare centers.We analyzed basic concepts related to antibiotics prescribed for their children,antibiotic administration,and antibiotic resistance,as well as parents'knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use,and their experiences,practices,and perceptions related to purchasing antibiotics without prescription.Results:In the past one year,78.9%of the parents gave antibiotics to their children at least once,and 39.1%gave antibiotics three or more times.Some of the participants(7.1%)reported having forced the physician to prescribe antibiotics and purchased antibiotics without a prescription(13.2%).The knowledge about antibiotics and awareness about antibiotic resistance were found to be more frequent;among parents who had university degrees,higher income levels,two or fewer children,social insurance and negative behaviours were lower in those who received information about antibiotics from healthcare professionals.The probability of taking antibiotics without prescription was lower in that of with higher income level(OR 0.460;95%CI 0.219-0.965),and the probability of forcing antibiotic prescription was higher in those with 3 or more children(OR 6.94;95%CI 2.37-20.26).The score obtained from the awareness of antibiotic resistance sub-dimension was found to negatively affect the behavior of forcing antibiotic prescription(OR 0.852;95%CI 0.732-0.993)but the score obtained from the behaviour sub-dimension was positively affect this behaviour(OR 1.136;95%CI 1.011-1.276).Conclusions:Inappropriate antibiotic use appears to be a problem with negative perception,lack of knowledge and socioeconomic dimension.Studies should be conducted to increase antibiotic knowledge in parents and to expand the scope of social insurance.

Social insurance for migrant workers in China:impact of the 2008 Labour Contract Law

Using the China Household Income Project(CHIP)2007,2008,and 2009 longitudinal migrant survey data,this article provides new evidence on the effects of China’s 2008 Labour Contract Law(LCL)on migrant workers’social insurance participation,including in pensions,work injury insurance,unemployment insurance,medical insurance,and the housing provident fund.We find consistently strong evidence that migrant workers’labour contract status was significantly associated with their participation in all five types of social insurance.In particular,having or gaining a long-term contract helped promote migrant workers’social insurance participation,while losing one such contract decreased their chance of social insurance participation.Using a difference-in-differences(DID)method and focussing on the panel sample,we find that the implementation of the LCL helped boost migrant workers’chance of social insurance participation consistently and significantly,especially for those who gained a long-term contract.These findings suggest that the LCL at least partly reached its intended policy goal of improving social protection for migrant workers,a disadvantaged group in the Chinese labour market.Future research should use longitudinal data and rigorous methods to track the long-term impact of this important law and help build a strong,unified social insurance system for all Chinese citizens.

The Evolution of Disability during the Last Years in Romania and EU Member States

Purpose: People with disabilities represent a major objective, a global public health issue. This disadvantaged category needs protection and integration into society by implementing an improved legislative framework. The effectiveness of the policy making, consolidating the benefit programs and enhancing equity of the social insurance system represent the key of The Governments strategy. Methods: The paper highlights comparable data and research related to disability and social insurance system from Romania and other Member States of the European Union. Internationally, a proper measurement of disability may lead to a successful removal of barriers which increase the vulnerability of people with disability. Results: According to official data, in Romania the number of disabled people decreased gradually one year to another (in the last 5 years). In the EU Member States, musculoskeletal disorders leading to disability were one of the most common compared to Romania where it ranked last. From the point of view of the share in the total number of people with disabilities, according to the degree of disability, both in the EU Member States and in Romania, the number of moderately disabled people was double, respectively triple compared to the number of those with severe disability. Conclusion: The Romania Government promotes social-professional integration of people with disabilities, being responsible for the guidance, vocational counselling and employment. In accordance with our law, “any person with disabilities, fit and included in the labor market in Romania is entitled to a reasonable accommodation of the workplace.”

Practice and Research on Construction of Basic Life Security Program for Land-Expropriated Farmers in China

To set up basic life security program （BLSP） for land-expropriated farmers in the process of urbanization is an effective measure to solve existing issues in China. Theprogram, which Zhejiang Province initiated in the world, has great significance. Through deep investigation in ten cities, the thesis has normatively evaluated current situations, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of basic life security program for land-expropriated farmers in Zhejiang. Furthermore, it put forward some academic suggestions to further perfect and improve the system.

Effects of Public Transfers on Income Inequality and Poverty in Rural China

This study examines the impacts of public transfers on income inequality and poverty reduction in rural China.It uses nationally representative rural household surveys from the China Household Income Project and classifies public transfers into threetypesuniversal,pro-poor,and reimbursable transfers-to compare the impacts of eachtype of public transfer in 2013and 2018.Estimated results show that the contributions of eachtypeof publictransfertoreducing incomeinequalityweregenerally small in both 2013 and 2018.However,the effects of reimbursable transfers were the largest of the three types.We also found that the poverty-reducing effects were the largest for reimbursabletransfers,and their impactshaveconsiderably improved inthewestern region.The impacts of pro-poor transfers were intermediate but have developed notably in the central region.These findings suggest that reimbursableand pro-poortransfers contributed mainly to reducing rural poverty but the impacts were heterogeneous among regions.

How Do Rising Labor Costs Affect China’s Industrialization?

China’s uninterrupted high-speed economic growth depends on promoting the process of industrialization.Based on provincial data during 2003-2016,this paper empirically estimates the impact of labor costs on China’s industrialization and examines its mechanism and path.The results show that the rising labor costs such as wages and social security premiums may lead to China’s“de-industrialization”.With endogeneity excluded,the conclusion still holds.The following policy suggestions are proposed:increasing the effective labor supply in the industrial sector to slow down the increase in wages,implementing social insurance premium reform to reduce social security premium rate,reversing the situation of investment“fl eeing from the real economy and into the virtual economy”in a multi-pronged manner,and optimizing the combination of labor,capital and technology in various ways.