Modifi cation of wheat bran insoluble and soluble dietary fibers with snail enzyme

Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from wheat bran were modifi ed by snail enzyme and their physicochemical properties(water retention capacity and oil retention capacity),functional properties(cholesterol adsorption capacity,glucose adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity)and structural characterizations were evaluated.The results showed that snail enzyme modification led to the significant increase in oil retention capacity of IDF,glucose adsorption capacity and cholesterol adsorption capacity of IDF and SDF.Enzymatic modification also markedly improved the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of IDF and SDF.Meanwhile,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis indicated the microstructures of IDF and SDF powders were signifi cantly changed.Fourier transfer-infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)showed that snail enzyme modifi cation could degrade the part of cellulose and hemicellulose of IDF and SDF.All these improved physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF might depend on their structural changes.It suggested that snail enzyme modifi cation could effectively improve physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF from wheat bran.

Study on Functional and Structure Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber Modified by Extrusion-expansion Technology from Peanut Shells

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using modified peanut dietary fiber as a functional food ingredient. [Methods]Using peanut shells as a test material,the process parameters of soluble dietary fiber( SDF) modified by extrusion and expansion were studied,and the functional and structural characteristics of SDF before and after modification were discussed. [Results] The optimum conditions were as follows: screw speed 200 rpm,temperature 130 ℃ and moisture content 20 %,and the SDF extraction yield was 22. 3%. The modified SDF showed BCmax values of( 378. 5 ± 5. 3),( 278. 3 ± 3. 2)and( 167. 2 ± 2. 5) μmol/g and BCmin of( 30. 4 ± 1. 3),( 63. 4 ± 3. 7) and( 71. 3 ± 4. 2) μmol/L,for Pb,As and Cu,respectively,indicating that the adsorption to the three heavy metals was enhanced. The modified SDF had a porous network like honeycomb and swelled structure. [Conclusions]Therefore,it is feasible to modify SDF by extrusion and expansion.

Soluble Fiber Improves Management of Diarrhea in Elderly Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition

Dietary fiber is a non-digestible carbohydrate providing beneficial effects for bowel health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of fiber supplementation in enteral feeding on elderly patients suffering from diarrhea. This study was conducted in 15 patients (7 men and 8 women, 79.0 ± 7.5 years) who had loose stools or diarrhea during enteral nutrition. The enteral formula was supplemented with soluble dietary fiber (5.2 g/day) for 3 weeks, which was then discontinued for 1 week to confirm its effects. The effects of soluble dietary fiber on stool frequency, the Bristol Stool Form Scale (which is designed to measure stool consistency), plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and concentrations of plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were evaluated. After supplementation with soluble dietary fiber, there were no significant differences in stool frequency but there was a significant improvement in stool consistency (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ingestion of soluble dietary fiber resulted in increased plasma DAO activity and significantly increased levels of plasma SCFA (P < 0.05). Supplementation with soluble dietary fiber may be beneficial for improving stool consistency in patients suffering from diarrhea during enteral nutrition. A further controlled trial is warranted to examine the preventive effects of soluble dietary fiber in patients suffering from diarrhea.

Effects of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

This study investigated the impact of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber(SDF:IDF)formulations by sugar beet pulp(SBP)supplementation on piglet growth performance,nutrient digestibility,immune function,intestinal morphology,intestinal microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 60 crossbred piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])at 40 d old with body weight of 10.0±0.3 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 piglets per replicate in a 21-d trial.The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(0%SBP supplementation;CON),and diets supplemented with 2%,4%,6%,and 8%SBP,representing different SDF:IDF ratios at 10.16%,13.53%,16.79%,19.86%,and 24.81%,respectively.The results indicated that the 8%SBP treatment had a negative effect on feed-to-gain ratio(linear,P=0.009)compared with the CON treatment(P=0.021).The apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein was lower in treatments supplemented with SBP(P=0.002)and showed a linear decrease(P=0.001),while the ATTD of IDF showed a linear increase(P=0.037)in four SBP treatments compared to the CON treatment.The 4%SBP treatment increased serum concentrations of triglyceride(quadratic,P=0.019)and K(linear,P<0.0037),and decreased alanine transaminase concentration(quadratic,P=0.015)compared with the CON treatment.The concentrations of Cit,Cys,Ile,Leu,Orn,Arg,taurine,urea,1-methylhistidine,α-aminoadipic acid,α-aminobutyric acid and cystathionine in the 4%SBP treatment were highest among all treatments(P<0.05).The serum concentrations of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,interleukin-10,transforming growth factor-β,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the 6%SBP treatment were higher than those in the CON treatment(P<0.05),which also increased mucin-2 and G protein-coupled receptor 41 mRNA expression(P<0.05)in colonic mucosa compared with the CON treatment and improved the intestinal barrier function.Diets containing more than 19.86%SDF:IDF could impair the intestinal health in piglets when SBP was used as the SDF source.Supplementing nursery piglet diets with 16.79%to 19.86%SDF:IDF is recommended for improving intestinal barrier function,increasing short-chain fatty acids concentrations,and improving intestinal microbiota composition.

SDF+合生元对老年重症AECOPD肠内营养患者营养和耐受性及肠屏障功能影响

背景老年重症慢性阻塞性肺部疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者,由于年龄和身体的原因,时常发生营养不良,影响病情的转归,需要给予较高质量的肠内营养支持,但是极易发生腹泻、腹胀等不良反应,提高患者肠内营养耐受性成为解决问题的必要途径.目的探讨可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)+合生元对老年重症AECOPD肠内营养患者营养和耐受性及肠屏障功能影响.方法随机数字表法将2020-01/2022-10我院收治的208例老年重症AECOPD患者分为4组,各52例.常规组给予常规肠内营养,在此基础上,SDF组添加SDF,合生元组添加合生元,联合组添加SDF+合生元.比较各组营养支持前、第8 d、第15 d营养状态[血清总蛋白(total protein,TP)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)]、目标能量达标时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间、血糖水平、胰岛素用量、肠屏障功能[二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、内毒素、D-乳酸]、免疫功能[CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)]、不良反应、耐受性、感染及生存率.结果SDF组、合生元组、联合组第8 d、第15 d的TP、HGB、PA、ALB均高于常规组,且联合组高于SDF组、合生元组(P<0.05);SDF组、合生元组、联合组目标能量达标时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间短于常规组,且联合组短于SDF组、合生元组(P<0.05);SDF组、合生元组、联合组第8 d、第15 d的血糖水平、胰岛素用量均低于常规组,且联合组低于SDF组、合生元组(P<0.05);SDF组、合生元组、联合组第8 d、第15 d的DAO、内毒素、D-乳酸均低于常规组,且联合组低于SDF组、合生元组(P<0.05);合生元组、联合组第8 d、第15 d的CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgA、IgM、IgG均高于常规组、SDF组,且联合组高于合生元组(P<0.05);联合组、SDF组、合生元组耐受性相关的不良反应总发生率低于常规组(P<0.05);联合组感染率低于常规组、SDF组、合生元组(P<0.05).结论SDF+合生元可提高老年重症AECOPD患者对肠内营养耐受性,改善患者营养状态和血糖水平,减少胰岛素应用,增强肠屏障和免疫功能,降低感染率,加快患者康复进程.

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease （P =0.] O） as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased （P 〈0.0]） when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased （P 〈0.01）. The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased （P 〈0.01） as the total dietary fiber increased.

A Review of the Associations between Dietary Fiber Intake and Cancer Prevention or Prognosis

The increase in tumor incidence is closely related to dietary factors.In recent years,many researchers have carried out in-depth research to investigate whether increasing the intake of dietary fiber can prevent tumors and improve the prognosis,but the results have been unclear.We herein searched the literature in common academic databases and incorporated and summarized the relevant articles.The literature clearly indicates that dietary fiber can protect against the following cancers:colorectal cancer,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,ovarian cancer,and head and neck cancer.There is also evidence that dietary fiber intake can exert protective effects against cancers of the liver,lung,stomach,small bowel,kidney,and esophagus,as well as lymphoma,but the data have so far been relatively limited.The effects on endometrial cancer and prostate cancer still remain uncertain.In terms of the effects on the cancer prognosis,dietary fiber does not appear to have an impact on colorectal cancer or breast cancer.Although more research is needed for some kinds of cancer,it is clear that increasing the intake of dietary fiber is beneficial for preventing the occurrence and development of several major types of cancer,with no major adverse effects.We therefore recommend that most of individuals increase their intake of dietary fiber.

超声辅助低共熔溶剂制备咖啡果皮可溶性膳食纤维

为进一步探索制备咖啡果皮中可溶性膳食纤维的绿色新方法。本研究建立了一种省时、高效、环保的超声辅助低共熔溶剂(UAE-DESs)制备咖啡果皮可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的方法,并通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化了其工艺参数。采用加热法制备了8种氯化胆碱基的DESs作为提取溶剂,并与传统水提法作对比。结果表明:氯化胆碱与尿素摩尔比为1∶2的DES体系制备的咖啡果皮SDF得率最高,为10.10%±0.11%,显著高于传统水提法(6.50%±0.22%)。通过单因素实验,探讨了DES组成(摩尔比、含水量、液固比)和超声波处理(超声功率、超声时间)对咖啡果皮SDF得率的影响。在此基础上,采用响应面法(RSM)结合Box-Behnken设计(BBD)对SDF得率进行优化,考察DES含水量、液固比、超声功率和超声时间对SDF得率的影响。根据RSM的优化结果,确定最佳制备条件为:DES含水量为39.91%,液固比为32.37 mL/g,超声功率为305.20 W,超声时间为33.80 min,在此条件下,咖啡果皮SDF得率最大,为10.74%±0.14%,与其预测值10.80%接近。因此,DES作为一种高效、无污染的绿色溶剂,可用于咖啡果皮SDF的制备。本研究结果将为咖啡果皮可溶性膳食纤维的制备提供新思路和理论参考,并在咖啡副产物的增值利用、生产新型高附加值产品以及开发天然功能性食品等方面具有潜在的应用前景。

梨渣可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化及功能特性分析

采用纤维素酶酶解制备梨渣可溶性膳食纤维(SDF),以梨渣SDF得率为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面优化酶解制备SDF的最佳工艺条件,并分析可溶性膳食纤维的理化性质和功能特性。结果表明,SDF最佳提取工艺为酶底质量比1.1%、时间5.2 h、料液比1:21、温度37℃、pH值4.5,在此条件下进行的验证试验SDF得率为6.29%,与理论值6.23%较相符。与原梨渣相比,SDF的持水性和膨胀性均得到提高,且SDF对DPPH(IC_(50)=0.494 mg/mL)和ABTS+(IC_(50)=0.429 mg/mL)自由基具有一定的清除能力,表现出较好的抗氧化活性。SDF在肠道中表现出更好的胆固醇吸附能力(4.81 mg/g),但在胃环境(84.68%)中对NO2-的吸附能力显著高于肠道环境(16.21%)。梨渣可溶性膳食纤维具有较好的理化功能特性,该研究为梨渣的高值化利用提供了理论依据。

干燥方式对藜麦可溶性膳食纤维理化性质及抗氧化活性的影响

以藜麦麸皮为原料,经酶法制备可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)后,使用冷冻干燥、真空干燥、热风干燥和喷雾干燥方式干燥SDF,考察干燥方式对SDF结构形貌、理化性质及体外抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:喷雾干燥的SDF持水力和持油力分别达到(3.95±0.14)g/g和(5.82±0.12)g/g,为4种干燥方式之最,其次是冷冻干燥;干燥方式对SDF官能团种类差异,但会导致吸收峰的强弱变化;冷冻干燥处理的SDF颗粒均匀,聚集体最小,存在大量孔隙;冷冻干燥处理的SDF中结合水较弱,不易流动水的结合强度较高和含量较低;冷冻干燥处理的SDF的DPPH·清除能力、ABTS+·清除能力、羟自由基清除能力最强,抗氧化活性最高,IC50分别达到1.88、1.38、8.18 mg/mL。冷冻干燥处理的SDF提高了抗氧化能力强和持水持油力,并提高其生物活性。

高温蒸煮结合蜗牛酶法改性葡萄皮不溶性膳食纤维工艺优化及体外降血糖作用

以葡萄皮为原料,采用高温蒸煮结合蜗牛酶法对葡萄皮不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)进行改性处理,旨在提高可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)得率以及改善SDF和IDF的理化性质。研究不同因素对SDF得率的影响,并对改性前后的膳食纤维进行理化指标的测定。结果表明,适宜的改性工艺条件为:蒸煮时间60 min、蒸煮温度120℃、料液比1:25 g/mL、酶添加量3.50%、酶解温度34.0℃、酶解时间55 min,此工艺下SDF得率为10.25%。改性后SDF的持水力、持油力、膨胀力相比改性前SDF分别提高了1.74、1.53、1.13倍,改性后IDF的持水力、持油力、膨胀力相比改性前IDF分别提高了1.01、1.26、1.27倍。与未改性的SDF和IDF相比,改性后的SDF和IDF的结构变得更加疏松,且葡萄糖吸附能力、葡萄糖透析延迟指数和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用均显著(P<0.05)提高,其中改性后的SDF的葡萄糖吸附能力最强,葡萄糖透析延迟指数也均高于其它膳食纤维样品,在8 mg/mL时对α-淀粉酶的抑制率达到最大值(54.71%)。综上,高温蒸煮结合蜗牛酶法改性的葡萄皮SDF和IDF具有更为良好的特性,为改性葡萄皮膳食纤维提供了理论依据。

蒸制对甘薯可溶性膳食纤维提取、理化性质及消化特性的影响

目的:考察蒸制前、后甘薯中可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)提取、组成及性质的差异。方法:为获得高品质甘薯SDF,以提高提取得率和SDF总多糖含量为目标,采用响应面分析和满意度函数方法优化料液比、提取温度、提取时间3个参数,建立甘薯SDF提取工艺。从蒸制前、后的甘薯中提取得到生鲜甘薯膳食纤维(SDF-F)和蒸制甘薯膳食纤维(SDF-S),对比两者提取得率、多糖组成、膳食纤维含量以及持水力和持油力等理化性质差异,并做体外模拟消化试验。结果:优化的提取工艺参数为:料液比1∶16、提取温度40℃、提取时间40 min。在此工艺条件下,SDF-S的提取得率【(6.13±0.25)%vs(2.89±0.18)%】、中性多糖含量【(59.31±0.73)%vs(46.83±0.63)%】、酸性多糖含量【(25.36±0.48)%vs(9.60±0.14)%】、膳食纤维含量【(54.71±6.70)%vs(35.69±3.25)%】、持水力【(4.60±0.31)g/g vs(3.27±0.21)g/g)】和持油力【(3.30±0.40)g/g vs(1.82±0.28)g/g)】显著高于SDF-F(P<0.05),而SDF-F的抗消化性优于SDF-S。结论:蒸制处理虽提高了甘薯SDF的可及性,但导致SDF的抗消化性减弱。

日粮膳食纤维对猪肠道健康的调节作用

在现代猪生产过程中,肠道健康是提高经济效益的关键。日粮膳食纤维除了在传统营养学中具有抗营养作用以外,还可以刺激肠道蠕动,进而缓解母猪便秘。日粮膳食纤维不仅具有调节肠道微生物的功能,还可以从一定程度上替代抗生素来缓解仔猪腹泻。此外,日粮膳食纤维可以调节肠道形态、肠道微生物及其代谢产物,进而促进育肥猪肠道养分消化吸收,提高育肥猪的生长性能并改善其肉品质。文章从日粮膳食纤维的定义和分类展开,综述了日粮膳食纤维对母猪、仔猪和育肥猪的肠道屏障功能,肠道微生物及其代谢产物如短链脂肪酸等方面的积极调节作用,旨在为日粮膳食纤维在猪生产中的应用提供理论参考。

麦麸可溶性和不溶性膳食纤维对小麦淀粉性质的影响

为了提高膳食纤维摄入量、促进麦麸在面制品中的应用,按照麦麸中可溶性和不溶性膳食纤维的比例分别构建膳食纤维-淀粉混合体系,探讨麦麸可溶性和不溶性膳食纤维对小麦淀粉糊化、热学、流变和消化性质的影响。结果表明:麦麸中可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维对小麦淀粉性质的影响有所差异,麦麸可溶性膳食纤维对小麦淀粉性质影响效果更明显。

沅江芦笋可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺的优化

以沅江芦笋为原料,通过超声辅助酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维,探讨α-淀粉酶与糖化酶质量比、浸提时间、超声功率、超声温度以及料液比对可溶性膳食纤维提取得率的影响,并采用正交试验优化可溶性膳食纤维最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶200(g/mL),α-淀粉酶与糖化酶质量比5∶5,浸提时间4 h。在该工艺条件下沅江芦笋可溶性膳食纤维提取得率为16.77%。

双螺杆挤出工艺对人参渣中SDF含量的影响

以人参加工厂废弃的人参渣为原料,采用双螺杆挤出技术对其进行低聚化处理,提高人参渣中可溶性成分的含量。采用单因素实验考察了水分添加量、挤出温度和物料粒度对可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)含量的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面实验对工艺进行优化。采用凝胶色谱法测定挤出前后人参渣中SDF组分的分子量分布。结果表明,双螺杆挤出的最佳工艺参数为:水分添加量142%,挤出温度162℃,物料粒度目数80目,在最佳条件下SDF得率为24.94%。挤出后人参渣中SDF多糖的分子量分布在12915和5201,均达到了高品质膳食纤维的功能活性要求。

乳酸菌固态发酵过程中麦麸组分的动态变化

麦麸是小麦加工的主要副产物,营养丰富且产量大,采用乳酸菌处理麦麸可提高其附加值。为明确乳酸菌发酵对麦麸各组分的影响,作者采用植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌和布氏乳杆菌分别对麦麸进行固态发酵,在48 h内每隔8 h取样,分析可溶性膳食纤维、粗蛋白质、淀粉、总酚、植酸等成分的质量分数及DPPH自由基清除能力的动态变化。结果表明,在麦麸基质中,4株乳酸菌在24 h内生长较为迅速;麦麸经乳酸菌发酵后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数显著提高,其中布氏乳杆菌发酵48 h后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数由4.72%增加至6.58%;随着发酵时间的增加,麦麸中淀粉质量分数逐渐降低,粗蛋白质量分数先增加后降低最后趋于稳定;植物乳杆菌在提高麦麸多酚质量分数方面有更好的效果,多酚质量分数由1.34 mg/g增加至3.86 mg/g,麦麸抗氧化活性显著增加;此外,乳酸菌发酵麦麸可显著降低其植酸质量分数。综合而言,植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌在提高麦麸的营养特性方面具有较好的效果,可有效改善麦麸的综合利用价值。

小麦麸皮可溶性膳食纤维的理化性质和结构表征

麸皮作为小麦籽粒的加工副产物而未被充分地开发利用。因此,该文选取河南省种植的代表性小麦4种(新麦26、新麦45、开麦1701、飞天),测定它们麸皮的可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)的含量、理化性质并进行结构表征,为后续的综合利用奠定基础。结果表明,飞天麦麸的SDF含量(8.01 g/100 g)为4种麦麸中最高的。SDF的理化性质分析显示,4种麦麸SDF溶解性均超过85%,且相互之间无显著差异,体积密度最大的SDF来自新麦45(0.5821 g/mL),而飞天麦麸的SDF持油力(2.33 g/g)最高。对4种小麦麸皮SDF进行结构表征发现,SDF主要呈无规则块状,有密集的絮状层叠,表面比麦麸粉更为光滑。其中开麦1701、新麦26和飞天麦麸SDF表面及横截面有一定孔洞和空腔结构。X-射线衍射结果显示,4种小麦麸皮SDF主要由非结晶结构组成,并且它们的红外光谱分布情况较为相似,均呈现多糖类化合物的典型吸收峰。单糖组成分析结果表明,小麦麸皮SDF主要由木糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成,且新麦45和开麦1701的麦麸SDF含有少量鼠李糖。该研究可为小麦麸皮SDF的应用提供理论依据和参考。

酶解-重力法测定膳食纤维中SDF与IDF的研究

介绍了一种测定 SDF和 IDF的快速酶解 -重力分析法。这种方法的要点依次是 :样品先与 Termamyl一起煮沸 15 min,然后用胃蛋白酶在 p H1.5、40℃水解 1h,再加入胰蛋白酶在 p H6.8、40℃水解 1h,IDF被硅藻土 -5 45过滤分离出来 ,SDF则用其 4倍体积 95 %的乙醇沉淀并过滤分离。此法酶解时间仅需 2～ 3 h,1d即可测试 10～

碱高压氧化改性对麦秸可溶性膳食纤维提取率的影响

试验旨在提高麦秸可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的提取率,采用碱高压氧化法改性麦秸膳食纤维,采用单因素方法探究碱添加量、液料比、高压时间和H2O2添加量对SDF提取率的影响,利用正交设计优化处理工艺。结果显示,最佳处理工艺是NaOH添加量6%、液料比6 mL/g、高压时间40 min、H2O2添加量6%。经验证得到最佳处理工艺下SDF的提取率为10.29%,与未处理麦秸相比(3.65%)提高了181.92%(P<0.05)。研究表明,碱高压氧化法能够有效提高麦秸SDF的提取率,有利于麦秸膳食纤维在动物生产中的进一步开发利用。