Experimental study on seismic behaviors of steel-concrete composite frames

Steel-concrete composite frames are seeing increased use in earthquake region because of their excellent structural characteristics, including high strength, stiffness, and good ductility. However, there exist gaps in the knowledge of seismic behavior and the design provisions for these structures. In order to better understand the seismic behaviors of composite frame systems, eight steel-concrete composite frames were designed. These composite frames were composed of steel-concrete composite beams and concrete filled steel tube columns. The axial compression ratio of column, slenderness ratio and linear stiffness ratio of beam to column were selected as main design parameters. The low reversed cyclic loading tests of composite frame system were carried out. Based on test results, the seismic behaviors of composite frames such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, rigidity degradation, ductility and energy dissipation were studied. Known from the test phenomenon, the main cause of damage is the out-of-plane deformation of steel beam and the yielding destruction of column heel. The hysteretic loops of composite frame appear a spindle shape and no obvious pinch phenomenon. The results demonstrate that this type of composite frame has favorable seismic behaviors. Furthermore, the effects of design parameters on seismic behaviors were also discussed. The results of the experiment show that the different design parameter has different influence rule on seismic behaviors of composite frame.

Internal Force Distribution in Steel-Concrete Composite Structure for Pylon of Cable-Stayed Bridge

Adopting a steel-anchor beam and steel corbel composite structure in the anchor zone on pylon is one of the key techniques for the design of Jintang bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Zhoushan, China. In order to ensure the safety of the steel-concrete composite structure, a stud connector model for the joint section was put forward. Experiments were conducted to obtain the relation between load and slip of specimen, the failure pattern of stud connector, the yield bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of a single stud, etc. The whole process of the structural behavior of the specimen was comprehensively analyzed. The features of the internal force distribution in the steel-concrete composite structure and the strain distribution of stud connector under different loads were emphatically studied. The test results show that the stud connector is applicable for the steel-concrete composite structure for pylon of Jintang bridge. The stud has a good ductility performance and a obvious yield process before its destruction. The stud connector basically works in a state of elasticity under a load less than the yield load.

Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Bending Stiffness of Truss-Reinforced Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

This paper is concerned with a special steel-concrete composite beam in which the resisting system is a truss structure whose bottom chord is made of a steel plate supporting the precast floor system. This system works in two distinct phases with two different resisting mechanisms: during the construction phase, the truss structure bears the precast floor system and the resisting system is that of a simply supported steel truss;once the concrete has hardened, the truss structure becomes the reinforcing element of a steel-concrete composite beam, where it is also in a pre-stressed condition due to the loads carried before the hardening of concrete. Within this framework, the effects of the diagonal bars on the bending stiffness of this composite beam are investigated. First, a closed-form solution for the evaluation of the equivalent bending stiffness is derived. Subsequently, the influence of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of shear reinforcement is studied. Finally, results obtained from parametric and numerical analyses are discussed.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

Evaluation of the Reliability Performance of Failure Criteria for Composite Structures

Evolution of materials, following the design requirements of special structures, has shifted interest towards development of composite members able to meet strength requirements “tailored” to specific applications. These members can provide appropriate, more cost effective structures, however absence of generic design guidelines raise constraints towards derivation of optimized structures. Reliability-based assessment can overcome this limitation by ensuring that acceptable levels of target reliability are achieved throughout their service life. This paper presents a methodology for reliability assessment of composite members based on appropriate limit state functions derived according to fundamental failure criteria, Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu, applicable to composite materials. The methodology that is proposed employs a Stochastic Response Surface Method (SRSM) which combines in discrete steps FEA modelling, numerical simulations and analytical probabilistic assessment techniques, allowing use of commercial and custom developed specialized numerical tools. Application of the proposed methodology on a complex composite structural geometry will illustrate its efficiency and evaluate the reliability performance of the limit states derived and examined.

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

Flexural stiffness characterization of the corrugated steel-concrete composite structure for tunnel projects

Corrugated steel–concrete(CSC)composite structures are increasingly used in tunnel and culvert projects due to their good mechanical properties.The design of CSC composite structures is often governed by deflection limits in service,hence it becomes crucial to evaluate accurately their flexural stiffness.In this work,the deflection deformation mechanism of CSC composite structure is studied by experimental and numerical methods,and a simplified formula for calculating the flexural stiffness is established.In addition,the deflection results obtained by different methods are compared and analyzed.It is found that:(1)the flexural stiffness of the CSC composite structure is constant only when the load is small,and after the bending moment exceeds a certain value,the flexural stiffness will gradually become smaller as the bending moment increases.(2)The value of the bending moment corresponding to the end of the elastic stage of the bending moment-deflection curve increases with the increase of the axial force in the composite structure.(3)As the axial force of the composite structure increases,the flexural bearing capacity of the structure increases first and then decreases.

含钢率对GFRP管-钢骨混凝土组合构件抗冲击性能的影响

为了研究含钢率对GFRP(glass fiber reinforced polymer)管-钢骨混凝土组合构件抗冲击性能的影响,建立15个组合构件的数值模型,在验证模型正确的基础上,通过分析典型构件的冲击全过程、截面弯矩发展以及破坏时应变分布规律,研究构件在侧向冲击荷载作用下的破坏模式;通过分析构件冲击力时程曲线、侧移时程曲线以及能量变化情况,探究含钢率对不同长细比构件抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:与未配置钢骨的构件相比,GFRP管-钢骨混凝土构件的抗冲击承载力提高了7%~134%,侧向位移减小了13%~68%。在侧向冲击荷载作用下,构件的破坏模式以弯曲破坏为主,同时伴随着GFRP管和混凝土冲击区域的局部破坏,抗弯刚度是影响构件抗冲击性能的主要因素之一。构件的抗冲击承载力随着含钢率的增高而提高,随着构件长细比的增大而降低。含钢率相差1.5%时,截面惯性矩较大的窄翼缘型钢对构件的抗冲击性能更有利。对于长细比大于20的构件,钢骨耗能是组合构件总能耗的主要组成部分。

Parametric study on contact sensors for MASW measurement-based interfacial debonding detection for SCCS

Steel-concrete composite structures(SCCS)have been widely used as primary load-bearing components in large-scale civil infrastructures.As the basis of the co-working ability of steel plate and concrete,the bonding status plays an essential role in guaranteeing the structural performance of SCCS.Accordingly,efficient non-destructive testing(NDT)on interfacial debondings in SCCS has become a prominent research area.Multi-channel analysis of surface waves(MASW)has been validated as an effective NDT technique for interfacial debonding detection for SCCS.However,the feasibility of MASW must be validated using experimental measurements.This study establishes a high-frequency data synchronous acquisition system with 32 channels to perform comparative verification experiments in depth.First,the current sensing approaches for high-frequency vibration and stress waves are summarized.Secondly,three types of contact sensors,namely,piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate(PZT)patches,accelerometers,and ultrasonic transducers,are selected for MASW measurement.Then,the selection and optimization of the force hammer head are performed.Comparative experiments are carried out for the optimal selection of ultrasonic transducers,PZT patches,and accelerometers for MASW measurement.In addition,the influence of different pasting methods on the output signal of the sensor array is discussed.Experimental results indicate that optimized PZT patches,acceleration sensors,and ultrasonic transducers can provide efficient data acquisition for MASW-based non-destructive experiments.The research findings in this study lay a solid foundation for analyzing the recognition accuracy of contact MASW measurement using different sensor arrays.

CFRP加固混凝土复合受扭构件的恢复力模型研究

为建立CFRP(碳纤维增强复合材料)加固混凝土复合受扭构件的恢复力模型,完成了一组CFRP加固混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的复合受扭试验。考虑了混凝土强度、CFRP加固方式、箍筋配筋率对其滞回特征的影响。在此基础上,通过对试验数据的分析,确定扭矩-扭率骨架曲线特征点的计算公式,提出了反复加载下卸载刚度和强度退化率的确定办法,并建立了CFRP加固混凝土复合受扭构件的扭矩-扭率恢复力模型。按此模型得到的计算曲线与实验曲线吻合度较好,表明该恢复力模型可用于CFRP加固混凝土复合受扭构件的非线性地震反应分析。

基于连续薄片统计的须二段岩石相组合及沉积旋回分析

目前对川西地区三叠系须家河组二段(须二段)已开展了沉积微相层面研究,但不同微相背景下岩石相特征与沉积旋回存在差异。为了更加精细刻画岩石相特征并揭示其对有利储层的指示意义,基于连续岩屑及岩心薄片鉴定的岩石学特征分析,通过地质学手段及聚类分析技术,结合测井数据等资料,建立须二段更精细的物质组成、岩石相类型及沉积微相演化序列。须二段砂体划分为六个岩石相,并识别出16个水下分流河道-分流间湾、水下分流河道-河口坝沉积旋回。统计显示水下分流河道下部的A1类岩石相、A4类岩石相物性较好,因此水下分流河道的下部物性通常高于上部,且普遍优于河口坝。须二段中亚段物性最好,上亚段次之,下亚段较差。水下分流河道物性普遍比河口坝好;物性变化与旋回、岩石相的变化存在一定的相关性;发育于水下分流河道中下部的A1、A4类岩石相更易形成有利储层。

基于激光表面织构提升钢材与木材间粘接强度

胶接钢-木组合构件中,受胶黏剂在钢材表面附着力弱的制约,钢材和木材的粘接强度不高。为改善胶黏剂在钢材上的粘附能力,提出采用激光在钢材表面形成微织构增加胶黏剂与钢材接触面积及嵌入深度。通过单搭接剪切试验,探究织构形状(方形凹坑、竖向沟槽、横向沟槽)对钢材和木材粘接强度的影响;借助激光共聚焦轮廓仪检测钢材表面粗糙度和织构深度,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察激光处理后钢材表面形貌特征及断口特征,基于检测数据构建有限元模型,探究织构形状对钢材和木材间胶层应力分布影响;总结钢材表面织构对钢材和木材粘接强度影响规律和机制。结果表明:钢材表面织构能有效提升钢材和木材粘接强度;织构形状对钢材和木材粘接强度起决定性作用;在相同激光设置参数和相同织构设计参数(宽度和间距)下,沟槽织构比方形织构更有利于增加胶黏剂与钢材粘结强度;织构周围存在的激光熔融物有利于提高胶黏剂与钢材粘结强度。研究成果可为提高钢材和木材间粘接强度提供技术支撑,也为织构在胶接型钢-木组合构件中的应用与设计提供新思路。

玄武岩纤维对煤矸石混凝土抗扭性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了提高煤矸石混凝土构件的材料力学性能,采用玄武岩纤维对混凝土进行改性。运用经验公式预测了4种玄武岩纤维掺量下混凝土的弹性模量,利用有限元软件对煤矸石混凝土构件进行扭转数值模拟,并据此提出了极限承载力的经验公式。结果表明:由经验公式得到的煤矸石混凝土弹性模量预测值与实测结果的误差较小;通过数值计算得到的玄武岩纤维改性煤矸石混凝土构件的扭转曲线符合相关实验的实测结果;在煤矸石水泥砂浆中掺入玄武岩纤维可以显著提升煤矸石骨料之间的黏结性能,进而加强煤矸石混凝土构件的抗扭性能。

单面叠合剪力墙不锈钢拉结件抗剪试验研究

为研究单面叠合剪力墙不锈钢拉结件的抗剪性能,采用3种不同锚固端的拉结件,制作了4个双侧抗剪试件,分别考虑施工阶段和使用阶段,进行了单向加载试验。对试件的破坏形态、承载能力等进行了研究。试验结果表明,不锈钢拉结件的抗剪性能较好,试件均发生混凝土锚固破坏,锚固端对试件抗剪承载力性能影响不显著。建立了抗剪承载力计算模型,并对试件抗剪承载力进行了计算,计算所得理论值与试验值吻合较好,并有一定的安全储备,可满足工程设计的要求。

水泥基次轻高强复合材料力学性能及应用研究

针对某高抗力防护设施需要,研发了水泥基次轻高强复合材料,并采用XRD、SEM分析了复合材料的成分、养护与微观结构关系。结果表明,随着胶凝材料中粉煤灰掺量的增加,复合材料的力学性能提高;对于有活性掺合料的复合材料,蒸汽养护能明显提高材料的强度;钢纤维的掺入起到了很好的阻裂效应,改善了高强复合材料的抗压性能和材料脆性,改变了破坏时的形态。采用该复合材料的受弯构件充分发挥了钢和高强水泥基材料的受力性能优势,达到了良好的组合效果,在减轻自重的同时,承载力还高出设计荷载约19%。

Research on Concrete Preparation for the Steel-concrete Composite Segment of Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge

To improve the quality of the steel-concrete composite segment of the box girder,to ensure the compactness of concrete to avoid debonding and to enhance the fatigue strength of concrete are critical to the concrete preparation for such site. Furthermore,the coordination ability to deformation between steel and concrete is also important because of great difference of the elastic modulus between them. Concrete for the steel-concrete composite segment with high fluidity,excellent crack resistance and low shrinkage was prepared by adding efficient poly-carboxylic water-reducing agent,high quality fly ash and expansion agent to it. The quality of the concrete of the half partial testing block showed that the optimal mix proportion of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete had achieved expected effect,ensured high quality,thus meeting the requirements of construction.

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete(NC)composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam(CCB)bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports.This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete(UHPC)layer.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region,field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge.The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics(cracking resistance,economy,durability,and constructability).In the field investigation,strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck,rebar,and steel beam in the negative bending moment region,as well as mid-span deflection,were measured under different load cases.Also,a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results.The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results.This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.

Z-pin增强复合材料加筋构件连接性能研究

通过横向三点弯曲试验研究Z-pin直径和体积分数对复合材料加筋类简化构件连接性能的影响。随着Z-pin体积分数的增加,Z-pin增强试件相比于空白对照试件,有效载荷提升48.41%~96.97%,总能量耗散提升661.88%~748.72%,本试验组研究结果表明高Z-pin体积分数可以有效提高加筋试件的承载能力。在Z-pin体积分数同为0.4%的情况下,Z-pin直径为0.5 mm的试验组的承载能力略高于Z-pin直径为0.3 mm的试验组的承载能力,但Z-pin直径为0.3 mm的试验组具有更好的稳定性。试验结果表明Z-pin的植入能够提高复合材料加筋类简化构件的有效载荷及能量耗散,很大程度上提高了加筋试件的连接性能。