STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22-23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages:(1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector;(2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise;(3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a "crescent-shaped echo" above the 700 h Pa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the "crescent-shaped" convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.

Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion Based on Structure Features of the Dual-Branch

With the development of information fusion,knowledge graph completion tasks have received a lot of attention.some studies investigate the broader underlying problems of linguistics,while embedding learning has a narrow focus.This poses significant challenges due to the heterogeneity of coarse-graining patterns.Then,to settle the whole matter,a framework for completion is designed,named Triple Encoder-Scoring Module(TEsm).The model employs an alternating two-branch structure that fuses local features into the interaction pattern of the triplet itself by perfectly combining distance and structure models.Moreover,it is mapped to a uniform shared space.Upon completion,an ensemble inference method is proposed to query multiple predictions from different graphs using a weight classifier.Experiments show that the experimental dataset used for the completion task is DBpedia,which contains five different linguistic subsets..Our extensive experimental results demonstrate that TEsm can efficiently and smoothly solve the optimal completion task,validating the performance of the proposed model.

Application of topology-based structure features for machine learning in materials science

Structure features play an important role in machine learning models for the materials investigation.Here,two topology-based features for the representation of material structure,specifically structure graph and algebraic topology,are introduced.We present the fundamental mathematical concepts underlying these techniques and how they encode material properties.Furthermore,we discuss the practical applications and enhancements of these features made in specific material predicting tasks.This review may provide suggestions on the selection of suitable structural features and inspire creativity in developing robust descriptors for diverse applications.

Basic Features of the Crustal Structure in the Lower Yangtze and Its Neighboring Area in the Chinese Mainland： Review of Deep Seismic Sounding Research

The Deep Seismic Sounding( DSS) projects carried out from the 1970 s in the lower Yangtze region and its neighboring area were reviewed in this paper,then the basic wave group features of those wide angle reflection / refraction record sections,and of the crustal structure are summarized. It shows that there were in total five clear wave groups on the record sections,which include the first arrival Pg,the reflection P1 from the bottom interface of the upper crust,the reflection P3 from the bottom interface of the middle crust,the strong reflection Pm from the Moho boundary,and the refraction Pn from uppermost mantle. In general,these phases are easily consistently traced and compared,despite some first arrivals being delayed or arriving earlier than normal due to the shallow sedimentary cover or bedrocks. In particular,in the Dabie Mountain region the seismic events of a few gathered shots always have weak reflection energy,are twisted,or exhibit disorganized waveforms, which could be attributed to the disruption variations of reflection depth,the broken Moho,and the discontinuity of the reflection boundary within crust. The regional crustal structures are composed of the upper,middle and lower crust,of which the middle and lower layers can be divided into two weak reflection ones. The crustal thickness of the North China and Yangtze platform are 30km- 36 km,and the Moho exhibits a flat geometry despite some local uplifts. The average pressure velocity in lower crust beneath this two tectonic area is 6. 7 ± 0. 3km / s. Nevertheless,beneath the Dabieshan area the crustal thickness is 32km- 41 km,the Moho bends down sharply andtakes an abrupt 4km- 7km dislocation in the vertical direction. The average pressure velocity in the lower crust beneath the Dabieshan area is 6. 8 ± 0. 2km / s.

Ore-controlling Regularities of Thrust-fold structures and features of Tectono-geochemical Anomalies at the Xiaozhuqing Exploration Area in the Huize Zn-Pb District

1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is strictly controlled by fault structures.It has developed to one of the famous production bases of lead&zinc and germanium in China.

Structure, Formation, Properties, and Application of Calcium and Magnesium Silicate Hydrates System—A Review

In order to expand the advantages of strong durability and high compressive strength of calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H),at the same time to make up for the poor early mechanical strength of magnesium silicate hydrates (M-S-H),we present the features and advantages of C-S-H and M-S-H and a comprehensive review of the progress on CaO-MgO-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O.Moreover,we systematically describe natural calcium and magnesium silicate minerals and thermodynamic properties of CaO-MgO-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O.The effect of magnesium on C-S-H and calcium on M-S-H is summarized deeply;the formation and structural feature of CaO-MgO-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O is also explained in detail.Finally,the development of calcium and magnesium silicate hydrates in the future is pointed out,and the further research is discussed and estimated.

Structural Features and Biological Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle：A Review

Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Influence of the cylinder head structure of a diesel engine on fatigue strength

Using finite element method,influence of diesel cylinder head structure on fatigue strength is investigated.A simplified head model with function characteristics is built for thermal-mechanical simulation.From the simulation results,the influence of valve bridge structure and roof transition fillet dimension on fatigue strength are obtained.And a new valve bridge structure which can effectively improve the fatigue life is proposed.

Recognition of Offline Handwritten Arabic Words Using a Few Structural Features

Handwriting recognition is one of the most significant problems in pattern recognition,many studies have been proposed to improve this recognition of handwritten text for different languages.Yet,Fewer studies have been done for the Arabic language and the processing of its texts remains a particularly distinctive problem due to the variability of writing styles and the nature of Arabic scripts compared to other scripts.The present paper suggests a feature extraction technique for offlineArabic handwriting recognition.A handwriting recognition system for Arabic words using a few important structural features and based on a Radial Basis Function(RBF)neural networks is proposed.The methods of feature extraction are central to achieve high recognition performance.The proposed methodology relies on a feature extraction technique based on many structural characteristics extracted from the word skeleton(subwords,diacritics,loops,ascenders,and descenders).In order to reach our purpose,we built our own word database and the proposed system has been successfully tested on a handwriting database of Algerian city names(wilayas).Finally,a simple classifier based on the radial basis function neural network is presented to recognize certain words to verify the reliability of the proposed feature extraction.The experiments on some images of the benchmark IFN/ENIT database show that the proposed system improves recognition and the results obtained are indicative of the efficiency of our technique.

Morpho-structural Features and Structural Classification of Chromite Pods in the Tropoje-Has Ophiolite Massif, Albania

Tropoje-Has ophiolitic massif of eastern Mirdita(Albania)ophiolitic belt,is a major source for metallurgical chromite ore in Albania.Massif consists of a thick mantle section of SSZ type,8-10 km thick

Creating burdock polysaccharide-oleanolic acid-ursolic acid nanoparticles to deliver enhanced anti-inflammatory effects:fabrication,structural characterization and property evaluation

This study explored the potential of polysaccharides from Actium lappa(ALPs)as natural wall materials for producing ALP-based nanoparticles to deliver poorly water-soluble oleanolic acid(OA)and ursolic acid(UA).Encapsulating OA+UA with ALPs(ALP:OA+UA,50:1;OA:UA,1:1)changed the crystalline nature to a more amorphous state through hydrogen bonding and involving O-H/C-O/O-C-O groups.ALP-OA/UA nanoparticles had a particle size and zeta potential(in water)of 199.1 nm/-7.15 mV,with a narrow unimodal size distribution,and excellent pH,salt solution,temperature and storage stability.Compared with ALPs,ALPOA/UA nanoparticles showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity(especially at a dose of 100μg/mL)in a CuSO-induced zebrafish inflammation model via down-regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway and gene expression of associated transcription factors and cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-8).Therefore,ALP-based nanoparticles are natural and anti-inflammatory carriers for hydrophobic bioactive molecules.

Roles of mushroom polysaccharides in chronic disease management

Chronic diseases have drawn much attention as the primary cause of death and disability. In exploring novel sideeffect-free agents against chronic diseases, significant efforts have been devoted to mushroom polysaccharides due to their diverse biological activities. This work reviewed the structural features, biological performances and molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides in managing cancers, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The potentials of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases highly depend on their structural features, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, the type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, degree of branching, the type of substituent pattern and chain conformation. Regarding their working mechanisms, shared and diseasespecific pathways were found. The three chronic diseases shared the regulation of specific signalling pathways and the adjustment of gut microbiota. In addition, the roles of transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, hormones and other functional proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides against chronic diseases are first elaborated herein. The present review describes the state of the art of mushroom polysaccharides in treating chronic diseases and addresses the perspectives, and will further promote research on this topic.

An insight into the in vivo imaging potential of curcumin analogues as fluorescence probes

Curcumin and its derivatives have good electrical and optical properties due to the highly symmetric structure of delocalized π electrons. Apart from that, curcumin and its derivatives can interact with numerous molecular targets, thereby exerting less side effects on human body. The fluorescence emission wavelength and fluorescence intensity of curcumin can be enhanced by modifying its π-conjugated system and β-diketone structure. Some curcumin-based fluorescent probes have been utilized to detect soluble/insoluble amyloid-β protein, intracranial reactive oxygen species, cysteine, cancer cells, etc. Based on the binding characteristics of curcumin-based fluorescent probes with various target molecules, the factors affecting the fluorescence intensity and emission wavelength of the probes are analyzed, in order to obtain a curcumin probe with higher sensitivity and selectivity. Such an approach will be greatly applicable to in vivo fluorescence imaging.

Kinematic Evolution of the Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(Adamawa,Cameroon): Constraints from Field Observations and Microstructures,and Implication for Metamorphic P-T-t Estimation

The Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(NMSZ) is a NE-SW elongated corridor found to the northwest of the Foumban-Bankim Shear Zone(FBSZ) along the Central Cameroon Shear Zone. Controversial chronology models has been proposed for the kinematic evolution of the sinistral and dextral shear phases in the Tikar Plain, thus in the FBSZ;early dextral and late sinistral shear phases for some authors and early sinistral and late dextral shear for others. Moreover, the NMSZ kinematic evolution implication on the mylonitization P-T-t path in the area seem to be problematic and the present paper aim is to clear enough those problems;since this shear zone is the main mylonitic corridor that registered the left and right lateral movement in this area. The NMSZ comprises amphibolites, protomylonites, strict sensus mylonites(garnet-kyanite-sillimanite mylonite and garnet-pyroxene mylonite), ultramylonites kyanite-sillimanite and garnet-kyanite-sillimanite gneiss. Field structures testify that the investigated area recorded three deformation phases:(i) the D1deformation phase which is marked by NW-SE to N-S trending S1metamorphic foliation with low to moderate dips(15°–45°) that was transposed during the D2phase, is responsible for a regional metamorphism whose mineral paragenesis is garnet-kyanite-sillimanite;(ii) the early sinistral NNE-SSW to NE-SW shear phase D2marked by S2metamorphic and mylonitic foliations;responsible for, L2stretching mineral lineation, F2fold axes and B2boudins structures;(iii) the late dextral NE-SW shear phase D3, characterized by F3folds, B3boudins and ductile dextral C3shear planes. Mineral paragenesis garnet + kyanite + sillimanite and microstructures within gneiss testify that this rock underwent high grade regional metamorphism whose peak conditions are estimated at 11.5–13.5 kbar/850–900 ℃. After the peak of metamorphism gneiss was overprinted by high grade pressure mylonitization during the early sinistral and late dextral shear deformations. Microstructural data here indicate a high-grade mylonitization whose P-T conditions are estimated at least at around 10 kbar/750 ℃ attained during the D2. Shear markers, indicates that the studied area underwent an intense mylonitization at deep crustal deformation level, probably at the ductile-brittle boundary structural level during a major dextral shear deformation.

Relation Classification via Sequence Features and Bi-Directional LSTMs

Structure features need complicated pre-processing, and are probably domain-dependent. To reduce time cost of pre-processing, we propose a novel neural network architecture which is a bi-directional long-short-term-memory recurrent-neural-network(Bi-LSTM-RNN) model based on low-cost sequence features such as words and part-of-speech(POS) tags, to classify the relation of two entities. First, this model performs bi-directional recurrent computation along the tokens of sentences. Then, the sequence is divided into five parts and standard pooling functions are applied over the token representations of each part. Finally, the token representations are concatenated and fed into a softmax layer for relation classification. We evaluate our model on two standard benchmark datasets in different domains, namely Sem Eval-2010 Task 8 and Bio NLP-ST 2016 Task BB3. In Sem Eval-2010 Task 8, the performance of our model matches those of the state-of-the-art models, achieving 83.0% in F1. In Bio NLP-ST 2016 Task BB3, our model obtains F_1 51.3% which is comparable with that of the best system. Moreover, we find that the context between two target entities plays an important role in relation classification and it can be a replacement of the shortest dependency path.

Structural features and thermoelectric performance of Sb- and Bi-doped Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) compounds

In this paper, a series of Sb-doped and Bi-doped Cu_(2)Sn_(1-x)M_(x)Se_(3) samples(M = Sb, Bi) are prepared by vacuum melting combined with the spark plasma sintering process. The effects of different atomic doping amounts on their properties are discussed. Structural studies indicate that all obtained samples comprise a single Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) phase. Sb and Bi atoms are experimentally demonstrated to be efficient cation dopants for increasing the transport performance. Compared with that doping on the cation site,Bi doping is much more efficient in increasing the electron concentration of the Cu_(2)SnSe_(3) system. Ultimately, a high figure of merit of 0.36 is achieved in the Cu_(2)Sn_(0.94)Sb_(0.06) Se_(3) sample at 773 K due to the enhanced power factor and lowered lattice thermal conductivity,which are 1.73 times higher than those of the pure sample.Our results provide an efficient approach to enhance thermoelectric performance via other doping atoms, which could also be applied to copper-based chalcogenide materials.

Structural Control of the Getang Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwest China

The Getang is a representative Carlin-type gold deposit in Southwest China.It has a proven reserve of about 30 tonnes at an average grade of 5.1 g/t Au.The orebodies occur as strat-abound lenses,and are structurally controlled by shallow NWW-and NE-trending fold-fault systems and the unconformity between the Upper and Middle Permian.In this study,the regional-and deposit-scale structural investigations,joints and finite strain measurements,and stress and dynamic analysis were conducted with an aim to reveal the structural process of the Getang gold deposit and clarify the relationship between the gold mineralization and structures.Three phases of deformation were identified in the deposit:(1)paleokarst was generated by a crustal uplift when the Youjiang Basin experienced extension at the end of the Middle Permian,laying the foundation for the unconformity;(2)the NW-trending structures were formed under a NNE-SSW compression during the Indochina-South China collision(Indosinian orogeny)in Triassic;(3)the NE-trending structures were generated or reactivated under a NW-SE-oriented compression during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.The unconformity recorded two episodes of tectonic evolution in the NNE-SSW and NW-SE directions.Structural analyses and geochronology data suggest that the Getang gold deposit was formed as a result of tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.

Predictive modeling of critical temperatures in magnesium compounds using transfer learning

This study presents a transfer learning approach for discovering potential Mg-based superconductors utilizing a comprehensive target dataset.Initially,a large source dataset(Bandgap dataset)comprising approximately∼75k compounds is utilized for pretraining,followed by fine-tuning with a smaller Critical Temperature(T_(c))dataset containing∼300 compounds.Comparatively,there is a significant improvement in the performance of the transfer learning model over the traditional deep learning(DL)model in predicting Tc.Subsequently,the transfer learning model is applied to predict the properties of approximately 150k compounds.Predictions are validated computationally using density functional theory(DFT)calculations based on lattice dynamics-related theory.Moreover,to demonstrate the extended predictive capability of the transfer learning model for new materials,a pool of virtual compounds derived from prototype crystal structures from the Materials Project(MP)database is generated.T_(c) predictions are obtained for∼3600 virtual compounds,which underwent screening for electroneutrality and thermodynamic stability.An Extra Trees-based model is trained to utilize E_(hull)values to obtain thermodynamically stable materials,employing a dataset containing Ehull values for approximately 150k materials for training.Materials with Ehull values exceeding 5 meV/atom were filtered out,resulting in a refined list of potential Mg-based superconductors.This study showcases the effectiveness of transfer learning in predicting superconducting properties and highlights its potential for accelerating the discovery of Mg-based materials in the field of superconductivity.

Thermal treatment effect on structural features of mechano-synthesized fluorapatite-titania nanocomposite: A comparative study

The influence of thermal treatment on the structural features of mechano-synthesized fluorapatite-titania composite nanopowders was studied.A mixture of calcium and phosphate reagents was mixed with a certain amount of titania(20 wt%)and then was mechanically activated for 5 h,10 h and 15 h respectively.After that,the mechano-synthesized powders were annealed at 700℃for 2 h.The crystallite size of the composite nanopowders estimated from Williamson-Hall method was in good agreement with transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)/TEM images confirmed the formation of a cluster-like composite which was composed of ellipse-like nanoparticles with an average size of about 16±7 nm after 15 h of milling.During the milling process,large variations in mechanochemical behavior of the CaHPO_(4)-Ca(OH)_(2)-CaF2-TiO_(2) system were detected.After the beginning of milling,no trace of the composite was found due to the lack of sufficient time for the mechanical activation.When the mechanical activation time increased to 15 h,composite nanopowders with the crystallite size of around 21.66 nm were formed.During heating at 700℃,the recovery of crystallinity occurred and the fraction of crystalline phase reached a maximum around 88.79%for the 10-h milled sample.Results indicated that the structural features of the composite were strongly influenced by the subsequent annealing.

Structural Feature and Internal Motion of Hyperbranching Cluster System with Low Polydispersity and Featured Pattern in Dilute Solutions

This work reports the structural feature and internal motion of one novel hyperbranching cluster system in dilution solution.The cluster system is composed of HB-PS_(300)-g-Pt BA_(45) hypergraft copolymer chains with uniform subchain,high molar mass and low polydispersity(M_(w)=1.73×106 g/mol and<M_(w)/M_(n)>≈1.07),where HB-PS and Pt BA represent hyperbranched polystyrene core and poly(tert-butyl polyacrylate)graft,respectively.In the selective solvent of PS blocks(cyclohexane,T_(θ)=34.5℃),the aggregation kinetics and structural feature are found to be precisely tunable for assembled clusters by the aggregation temperature(11℃<T<17℃)and time(0 h<t<24 h).An interesting structural evolution kinetics is observed,namely,the fractal dimension(d_(f))of clusters is found to first increases and then decreases with t,eventually,it reaches a plateau value of d_(f)≈3.0,corresponds to a uniform spherical structure.By using dynamic light scattering(DLS)to monitor the number and strength of relaxation modes inΓ(q)withΓbeing the decay rate and q being the scattering vector,it is quantitatively revealed that the relaxation,intensity contribution and mode origin of internal motions of clusters are neither similar with previously reported cluster systems with high polydispersity,nor with the classical linear chain systems.In particular,in the broad range of 2.0<qR_(h)<6.0,we have observed that the reduced first cumulant[Γ^(*)=Γ(q)/(q^(3)k_(B)T/η_(0))]does not display an asymptotic behavior.Whereas,a better asymptotic behavior is observed by plottingΓ(q)/q^(4) versus qRh.For the first time,our observation provides direct evidence supporting that,for hyperbranching cluster system with low polydispersity and high local chain segment density,the hydrodynamic interaction is greatly weakened due to the enhanced hydrodynamic shielding effect.