Body mass index trends and quality of life from breast cancer diagnosis through seven years’ survivorship

BACKGROUNDWeight gain is a potential negative outcome of breast-cancer treatment,occurringin 50%-to-96%of breast-cancer patients,although the amount of weight gain isinconsistently reported in the literature.Research has also shown a relationshipbetween overweight/obesity and breast-cancer mortality.Correspondingly,weight management is a self-care approach known to benefit quality of life(QOL).These research questions and analysis add to existing literature byexamining participants’body mass index(BMI)trend and its relationship withQOL indicators over seven years.AIMTo examine:(1)BMI trends among breast cancer survivors;and(2)The trends’relationship to QOL indicators over seven years.METHODSDuring the Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Project,378 patients’weight andheight were recorded by nurses prior to or just after beginning breast cancertreatment and repeated at quarterly-to-semiannual intervals over seven years.Additionally,participants annually completed the 36-Item Short Form HealthSurvey(SF-36),a valid and reliable tool assessing QOL and health concepts,including physical function,pain,and emotional well-being.BMI trends,changein BMI,and change in SF-36 subscales over seven years were calculated using arandom-intercept repeated-measures regression.Patients were placed into BMIcategories at each time point:Normal,Overweight and Obese.As patients’weights changed,they were categorized accordingly.RESULTSDuring the seven-year study and while controlling for age and residence,participants gained an average of 0.3534 kg/m^2(P=0.0009).This amountremained fairly consistent across BMI categories with those in the normal-weight category(n=134)gaining 0.4546 kg/m^2(P=0.0003);Overweight(n=190)gaining 0.2985 kg/m^2(P=0.0123);and obese(n=199)gaining 0.3147 kg/m^2,(P=0.0649).Age(under or over 55)and region(metro/micro vs small/rural)weresignificantly associated with BMI increase in both the normal and obesecategories.There were statistically significant(P<0.0100)changes in five of theeight SF-36 domains;however,the directions of change were different andsomewhat divergent from that hypothesized.Controlling for age and region,these five were statistically significant,so there were no change or differencesbetween the micropolitan/metropolitan and small town/rural groups.CONCLUSIONAlthough only modest increases in mean BMI were observed,mean BMI changewas associated with selected QOL indicators,suggesting the continued need forself-care emphasis during breast cancer survivorship.

Biomarkers for targeted rehabilitation strategies after breast cancer: Proposal for the next-generation management of survivorship issues

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignant tumor and one of the top causes of cancer-related death worldwide(Sung et al.,2021).The recent advances in early tumor diagnosis coupled with more effective treatment strategies resulted in a steady increase of long-term survivors(Nardin et al.,2020;Invernizzi et al.,2022).These improved survival rates led to a significantly higher incidence of disabling complications related to breast cancer and/or its treatment(Invernizzi et al.,2020a;D’Egidio et al.,2017;Zhong et al.,2020).

After the Treatment Phase of Colorectal Cancer Care: Survivorship and Follow-Up

The number of long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors has increased substantially over the past three decades due to both ongoing advances in early detection and improvements in cancer therapies. Adult survivors of CRC experience chronic health conditions due to normal issues associated with aging, which is further compounded by the long-term adverse effects of having had cancer and anti-cancer therapies. In addition, they are at a higher risk for CRC recurrences, new primary cancers, and other co-morbidities. This article will provide an overview of the clinical care of adult survivors of CRC. Epidemiologic data will be presented followed by a discussion of the approach to the care of long-term adult survivors of CRC, including surveillance of recurrences and new primary cancers, interventions to manage both physical and psychological consequences of cancer and its treatments, and strategies to address concerns related to unemployment and disability. Finally, we will explore the challenges of healthcare delivery, especially with respect to the coordination of follow-up between cancer specialists and primary care physicians, so as to ensure that all of the survivor’s health needs are met promptly and appropriately.

Evaluation of Methods for Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Survivorship Guidelines: A Survey of Primary Care Providers

Objectives: To assess potential knowledge gaps between primary care providers (PCPs) and cancer specialists, Michigan Cancer Consortium guidelines were developed and disseminated statewide. We evaluated the impact of dissemination of these guidelines on PCP attitudes and beliefs regarding management of prostate cancer (PC) post-treatment sequelae. Methods: Guidelines were disseminated via hard-copy and web-link mailed to 12,000 Michigan PCPs in 2009, and via 5 CME presentations to 181 PCPs in 2010-2011. 132 initial surveys were collected from CME attendees and 549 follow-up surveys were received 20 months after the initial mailing. Results: Surveyed PCPs indicated erectile dysfunction (88%), incontinence (84%), anxiety (54%) and fear of the unknown (50%) as frequent post-treatment sequelae. A minority of PCPs (≤41%) felt “very comfortable” assessing PC patients for ten post-treatment sequelae at the initial survey, which increased by up to 27% on follow-up survey. 93% of PCPs that received guidelines by mail and CME presentation had incorporated them into practice, compared with 72% of PCPs that received guidelines solely by mailing. Similarly, a greater proportion reported practice pattern changes (65% vs. 34%, p = 0.0003). A higher proportion felt CME events (69% vs. 57%) and expert presentations (64% vs. 44%) were “very effective”, when comparing attendees and non-attendees. Conclusions: Guideline distribution resulted in increased comfort with survivorship issues and incorporation into the practices of the majority of PCPs surveyed. A greater impact was observed in PCPs that attended a CME presentation than in those that received guidelines only by mailing.

Defaunation Increases the Survivorship of the Palm Astrocaryum gratum in a Submontane Tropical Forest

Overhunting of mammals may negatively affect plant populations though indirect impacts on mammal-plant interactions such as herbivory. In this paper, we examined how hunting of terrestrial mammals impacts the survival of seedlings and juveniles of the palm Astrocaryum gratum. To determine A. gratum seedling survivorship patterns, an experiment with seedlings in 25 × 250-m plots exclosures and different levels of mammal species presence was conducted: all mammals, only Tayassu peccari potentially a major seedling predator and no animals excluded. More than 50,600 non-adults were measured for 27 months. We replicated these treatments in three forest categories: 1) no hunting, with an intact mammal community, 2) a lightly hunted region and 3) a heavily hunted area. Seedling survivorship under natural non-experimental conditions was highest in the heavily hunted (S(T) = 0.72), lower in moderate and lowest in unhunted forests. Experiments revealed that T. peccari was the main agent of palm seedling mortality and the most important factor determining seedling and juvenile survivorship, for example they caused the 84.61% deaths of the seedlings in unhunted forests. Thus, T. peccari feeding habits can influence forest dynamics and forest structure. T. peccari was also susceptible to hunting pressure and as the main seed and seedling predator in the system, its extinction should affect the survivorship and distribution of A. gratum in forests.

Mid-term outcomes of a kinematically designed cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Advances in implant material and design have allowed for improvements in total knee arthroplasty(TKA)outcomes.A cruciate retaining(CR)TKA provides the least constraint of TKA designs by preserving the native posterior cruciate ligament.Limited research exists that has examined clinical outcomes or patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)of a large cohort of patients undergoing a CR TKA utilizing a kinematically designed implant.It was hypothesized that the studied CR Knee System would demonstrate favorable outcomes and a clinically significant improvement in pain and functional scores.AIM To assess both short-term and mid-term clinical outcomes and PROMs of a novel CR TKA design.METHODS A retrospective,multi-surgeon study identified 255 knees undergoing a TKA utilizing a kinematically designed CR Knee System(JOURNEY™II CR;Smith and Nephew,Inc.,Memphis,TN)at an urban,academic medical institution between March 2015 and July 2021 with a minimum of two-years of clinical follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon.Patient demographics,surgical information,clinical outcomes,and PROMs data were collected via query of electronic medical records.The PROMs collected in the present study included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement(KOOS JR)and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS■)scores.The significance of improvements in mean PROM scores from preoperative scores to scores collected at six months and two-years postoperatively was analyzed using Independent Samples t-tests.RESULTS Of the 255 patients,65.5%were female,43.8%were White,and patients had an average age of 60.6 years.Primary osteoarthritis(96.9%)was the most common primary diagnosis.The mean surgical time was 105.3 minutes and mean length of stay was 2.1 d with most patients discharged home(92.5%).There were 18 emergency department(ED)visits within 90 d of surgery resulting in a 90 d ED visit rate of 7.1%,including a 2.4%orthopedic-related ED visit rate and a 4.7%non-orthopedic-related ED visit rate.There were three(1.2%)hospital readmissions within 90 d postoperatively.With a mean time to latest follow-up of 3.3 years,four patients(1.6%)required revision,two for arthrofibrosis,one for aseptic femoral loosening,and one for peri-prosthetic joint infection.There were significant improvements in KOOS JR,PROMIS Pain Intensity,PROMIS Pain Interference,PROMIS Mobility,and PROMIS Physical Health from preoperative scores to six month and two-year postoperative scores.CONCLUSION The evaluated implant is an effective,novel design offering excellent outcomes and low complication rates.At a mean follow up of 3.3 years,four patients required revisions,three aseptic and one septic,resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 98.4%and an aseptic survival rate of 98.8%.The results of our study demonstrate the utility of this kinematically designed implant in the setting of primary TKA.

Effectiveness of Short Message Service Support on Adherence to Chemotherapy Treatment among Patients Attending Cancer Treatment Facilities in Kenya

Introduction: Cancer is a chronic debilitating disease that unnerves patients, communities, and nations. At some point in cancer patient’s disease experience, chemotherapy is used, and the patient is expected to adhere to treatment to improve survival and quality of life. Methods: This multisite Cluster Randomized Trial (CRT) evaluated the effectiveness of mobile phone Short Message Service (SMS) support on the adherence to treatment schedules among adult cancer patients in Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires. Ethical approvals were obtained from relevant Ethical Review Boards (ERBs). Results: The mean adherence was 83%. There was a significant difference between treatment arms in relation to the adherence. The intervention arm had a higher mean adherence difference, M = 3.913, 95% CI 2.632-5.193, t (402) = 6.006, p ≤ 0.001), with Cohen’s d = 0.60. Although not significant, (χ2dd = 0.151, df = 1, p = 2.064), more women were perfect adheres than males. Perfect adherers were satisfied with SMS support (χ2dd = 7.620, df = 1, p = 0.06), were in the intervention arm (χ2dd = 22.942, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001), and had trust in the care provider (χ2dd = 10.591 p ≤ 0.001). SMS support was not significant in the multivariate analysis but had an estimated effect size of 0.958 (z = 1.424, p = 0.154, CI = 0.242-3.781), indicating that mean adherence was slightly better in the presence of the intervention. Conclusions: SMS-support intervention has demonstrated superiority in influencing adherence. Further, health system-related factors have a significant influence on the adherence to chemotherapy treatment. Interventions to re-design health systems that are responsive to unmet care needs of cancer patients must be explored. .

癌症生存者整合型照护模式的概念框架、特征及对我国的启示

癌症是世界性的重大公共卫生问题。癌症发病率的持续升高以及生存时间的不断延长导致癌症生存者数量持续攀升。癌症生存者面临着身体、心理和社会照护方面的复杂挑战,其照护服务也需要跨领域、跨部门、跨学科的有效协同与整合,建立癌症生存者整合型照护模式已经成为各国应对癌症生存者照护挑战的重要策略。然而目前我国癌症生存者照护领域的发展还相对滞后。本文梳理和总结了当前代表性的癌症生存者整合型照护模式的概念框架、特征、应用以及在我国的实践进展,结合我国卫生服务体系状况,从建立共识、试点探索、人才建设、强化基层、政策支持五个方面提出相关建议,以期为我国设计与实施癌症生存者整合型照护策略提供参考和借鉴。

Associations of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep quality in adults living with and beyond cancer

Background Greater physical activity is associated with improved outcomes in people living with and beyond cancer.However,most studies in exercise oncology use self-reported measures of physical activity.Few have explored agreement between self-reported and device-based measures of physical activity in people living with and beyond cancer.This study aimed to describe physical activity in adults affected by cancer across self-reported and device-assessed activity,to explore levels of agreement between these measures in terms of their utility for categorizing participants as meeting/not meeting physical activity guidelines,and to explore whether meeting guidelines is associated with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep quality.Methods A total of 1348 adults living with and beyond cancer from the Advancing Survivorship Cancer Outcomes Trial completed a survey assessing fatigue,quality of life,sleep quality,and physical activity.The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to calculate a Leisure Score Index(LSI)and an estimate of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Average daily steps and weekly aerobic steps were derived from pedometers worn by participants.Results The percentage of individuals meeting physical activity guidelines was 44.3%using LSI,49.5%using MVPA,10.8%using average daily steps,and 28.5%using weekly aerobic steps.Agreement(Cohen'sκ)between self-reported and pedometer measures ranged from 0.13(LSI vs.average daily steps)to 0.60(LSI vs.MVPA).After adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates,meeting activity guidelines using all measures was associated with not experiencing severe fatigue(odds ratios(ORs):1.43–1.97).Meeting guidelines using MVPA was associated with no quality-of-life issues(OR=1.53).Meeting guidelines using both self-reported measures were associated with good sleep quality(ORs:1.33–1.40).Conclusion Less than half of all adults affected by cancer are meeting physical activity guidelines,regardless of measure.Meeting guidelines is associated with lower fatigue across all measures.Associations with quality of life and sleep differ depending on measure.Future research should consider the impact of physical activity measure on findings,and where possible,use multiple measures.

Changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and self-reported cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

Background Physical activity(PA)and reductions in sedentary behavior(SED)may mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to examine(a)the associations between changes in PA,SED,and cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic;and(b)clinical subgroups that moderate this association.Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered online to adult cancer survivors globally between July and November of 2020.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examining changes in self-reported PA and quality of life in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Self-reported Questionnaires assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)using the modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire,cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function(FACT-Cog)scale,and SED using the Domain-specific Sitting Time questionnaire.Cancer survivors were classified into no change in behavior,desirable change(i.e.,increase MVPA to meet PA guidelines or decrease SED by≥60 min/day),and undesirable change(i.e.,decrease MVPA to<150 min/week or increase SED by≥60 min/day).Analysis of covariance examined differences in FACT-Cog scores across the activity change categories.Planned contrasts compared differences in FACT-Cog scores between cancer survivors with(a)no meaningful change vs.any change,and(b)a desirable change vs.an undesirable change.Results There were no significant differences in FACT-Cog scores across activity-change categories in the full sample of cancer survivors(n=371;age=48.6±15.3 years(mean±SD)).However,cancer survivors who were diagnosed≥5 years ago(t(160)=–2.15,p=0.03)or who received treatment≥5 years ago(t(102)=–2.23,p=0.03)and who had a desirable change in activity reported better perceived cognitive abilities than those who had an undesirable change.Conclusion PA promotion efforts should consider reducing SED in addition to maintaining MVPA in long-term cancer survivors to mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Long-term efficacy of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention for prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors:A randomized controlled trial

Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is a print-and web-based intervention in which prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors receive automatically generated,personalized feedback aimed at integrating PA into daily life to increase and maintain PA.We evaluated the long-term outcomes of OncoActive by examining the 12-month follow-up differences between OncoActive and a control group,and we explored whether PA was maintained during a 6-month non-intervention follow-up period.Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to an OncoActive(n=249)or a usual care waitlist control group(n=229).OncoActive participants received PA advice and a pedometer.PA outcomes(i.e.,ActiGraph and self-report moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)min/week and days with≥30 min PA)and health-related outcomes(i.e.,fatigue,depression,physical functioning)were assessed at baseline,6 months,and 12 months.Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions for the primary outcome(ActiGraph MVPA min/week)and all additional outcomes.Results At 12 months,OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week,self-report MVPA min/week,or ActiGraph days with PA.Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group.For health-related outcomes only long-term fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive.When exploratively examining PA within OncoActive,the previously found PA effects at the end of the intervention(6 months follow-up)were maintained at 12 months.Furthermore,all PA outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 12 months.The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 months to 12 months(and from baseline to 12 months),resulting in a decline of differences between groups.Conclusion The majority of previously reported significant between-group differences at 6 months follow-up were no longer present at long-term follow-up,possibly because of natural improvement in the control group.At long-term follow-up,fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to control group participants.Computer-tailored PA advice may give participants an early start toward recovery and potentially contributes to improving long-term health.

结直肠癌生存扩展期患者未满足健康需求调查分析

目的 调查结直肠癌生存扩展期患者未满足健康需求现状,分析其影响因素,为完善结直肠癌患者生存扩展期健康管理提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2所三级甲等综合医院肿瘤科、胃肠外科住院部及门诊复查的结直肠癌患者111例作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版癌症患者未满足需求量表、中文版记忆症状评估量表进行调查。结果 结直肠癌生存扩展期患者未满足健康需求总分为34.50(22.25,54.00)分。回归分析显示,治疗相关症状、工作性质、治疗方案是患者未满足需求的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),共解释未满足健康需求总变异度的58.5%。结论 结直肠癌生存扩展期患者未满足健康需求处于中等水平,医护人员及家庭照顾者应重点关注治疗相关症状得分高、以体力劳动为主、治疗方案复杂的结直肠癌患者,采取有效的护理措施,满足其健康需求。

桃小食心虫在不同温度下的实验种群生命表

为探索温度对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii生长发育和繁殖的影响,在室内17,20,23,26,29和32(±1)℃,80%±7%RH和15L∶9D条件下,测定了桃小食心虫各发育阶段的历期、存活率和/或产卵量,组建了桃小食心虫的实验种群生命表。结果表明,桃小食心虫各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;初孵幼虫的蛀果率随温度升高而提高,幼虫脱果率与温度之间呈抛物线关系:y=-0.5638x2+27.882x-269.18(R2=0.9801,P<0.01);结茧率和羽化率在17～29℃间无明显变化,但在32℃时则明显降低;雌蛾的产卵量和寿命随温度的升高而降低,23℃时雌蛾交配率最高。生命表分析表明,种群趋势指数在17～29℃间均大于1,26℃时内禀增长率最高;世代存活率与温度的关系可用S=-0.073x3+4.626x2-92.019x+596.57(R2=0.9832)表示;内禀增长率与温度之间的关系可用rm=-0.0008x2+0.0409x-0.4438(R2=0.9851)描述。据此得出,23～26℃是最适宜桃小食心虫生长发育和繁殖的温度范围。

土壤含水量对桔小实蝇蛹期存活的影响

浸水时间、土壤含水量对桔小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis(Hendel)蛹的存活及成虫羽化的影响的研究结果表明:(1)不同浸水时间对桔小实蝇蛹存活率的影响不同。浸水时间越长,蛹存活率越低;浸水对初期蛹的影响较大,蛹龄越大,浸水作用效果越低。浸水时间(TW)、蛹期(AP)和蛹存活率(SP)之间关系符合以下模型:SP=0.4165-0.00307TW+0.2290AP-0.00004496T2W-0.0002528A2P+0.00008258TWAP。(2)土壤含水量对桔小实蝇成虫羽化影响明显。当土壤含水量较低或较高时,羽化率都明显受到抑制。相对含水量在30%～80%之间,蛹的羽化率较高。相对含水量(Ws)和成虫羽化率(E)之间存在以下关系:E=0.396+0.01985W-0.000181W2。

濒危植物银杉的种群统计与年龄结构

通过对银杉主要群落种群的数量统计和年龄组成的分析，编绘了银杉种群的特定时间生命表、存活曲线和年龄结构图。结果表明，银杉种群年龄超过 ２００ａ 后，出现植株个体死亡高峰，种群的平均生命期望陡降，预示着种群的生理衰退。银杉种群的存活曲线介于 ＤｅｅｖｅｙⅠ和Ⅱ型曲线之间。整个银杉种群在４０ 龄级以上的年龄结构基本表现为增长型，但不同的银杉群落种群的年龄结构差异很大，大部分种群都存在幼龄个体缺乏的现象，其中花坪林区和金佛山的 ２ 个银杉的群落种群属于严重衰退型种群，其生存前景堪忧。

寄主植物对B型烟粉虱形态学和生物学特性的影响

为了解B型烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)在不同寄主植物上的生物学特性,以制定科学的综合治理措施,作者在271℃的条件下,研究测定了B型烟粉虱在棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)、一品红(Euphorbiapulcherrima)、甘蓝(Brassicaoleraceavar.capitata)、黄瓜(Cucumissativus)、西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo)、茄子(Solanummelongena)和番茄(Lycopersiconesculentum)上各虫态大小、成活率、发育历期、成虫寿命、平均产卵量等生物学参数。结果表明:取食不同寄主植物的烟粉虱伪蛹在黄瓜和棉花上体型最大,在一品红上最小;烟粉虱从卵到成虫羽化,发育历期以在一品红上最长(22.0d),黄瓜上最短(17.3d);平均单雌产卵量以在番茄上最多(266.5粒/雌),一品红上最少(112.9粒/雌);成虫的寿命在番茄、黄瓜和茄子上显著长于在其他4种寄主植物上。烟粉虱从卵发育到成虫的存活率以在黄瓜上最高(77.8%),西葫芦上最低(55.6%),两者差异显著。综合比较7种寄主植物,黄瓜是烟粉虱种群生长发育和繁殖的最适寄主。

盐度和温度对中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica)存活和摄饵的影响

进行盐度和温度对中华虎头蟹存活和摄饵影响的试验，结果发现，盐度骤变时，盐度15—408d后蟹存活率100％。盐度10—45蟹能摄饵，日平均摄饵量达1．31g以上；盐度20—40是蟹适宜摄饵盐度，日平均摄饵量达3．65g以上；盐度30—35蟹摄饵最佳，日平均摄饵量达5．24g以上。盐度渐变时，盐度15—55蟹8d后存活100％；盐度5—50蟹能摄饵；盐度25—35为蟹摄饵适宜盐度，日平均摄饵量达4．13g以上；盐度30为最佳盐度，日平均摄饵量达4．53g。温度骤变时，10—30℃7d后蟹100％存活。10—35℃蟹能摄饵，日平均摄饵量达1．10g以上；20—30℃蟹摄饵最佳，日平均摄饵量逐渐增加，达8．76g以上。温度渐变时，0—30℃蟹7d后100％存活，35℃蟹存活率达80％。10—35℃蟹能摄饵；20—30℃蟹摄饵较佳，日平均摄饵量达12．61g以上；250C蟹摄饵最佳，13平均摄饵量达14．35g。

塔里木河上、中游胡杨种群结构与统计分析

在新疆塔里木河的上游-阿瓦提县和中游-轮台县胡杨林自然保护区内设置1．2hm^2的样地，应用相邻格子法进行每木调查获取野外资料，编绘了不同生境胡杨种群的特定时间生命表、存活曲线和大小、年龄结构图。结果表明：不同生境胡杨的种群结构差异明显。阿瓦提县胡杨种群大小、年龄结构呈金字塔型，幼苗储备丰富，缺乏老树，林分较年轻，为增长种群。种群从Ⅰ～Ⅱ级发育过程中死亡率较高，中龄个体生命期望寿命较高，存活曲线符合DeeveyⅢ（凹）型。轮台县胡杨种群大小、年龄结构呈中部大、两端小的正态分布，幼苗相对较少，林相成熟，为稳定种群。种群从Ⅵ～Ⅶ级发育过程中死亡率较高，生命期望寿命随年龄的增大而降低，存活曲线经模型检验符合DeeveyⅡ（直线）型。不同生境种群的消失率与死亡率曲线变化一致，均出现两个高峰，峰值大小明显不同。种群数量动态是胡杨生物学特性和环境条件共同作用的结果。

不同间伐强度下辽东栎种群结构特征与空间分布格局

种群结构是植物种群的重要属性,反映种群个体在空间上的组配方式和发展趋势;种群分布格局是指种群个体在水平空间的配置状况或分布状态,反映种群个体在水平空间上彼此间的相互关系（蒋雪琴等，2009）。

寄主植物对B型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)和温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)个体发育和种群繁殖的影响

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)和温室粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)在我国北方常混合发生,为了解两种粉虱所造成的危害和自身种群的增长变化,制定科学的综合防治措施,在(27±1)℃条件下研究了两种粉虱在棉花Gossypium hirsutum L.(泗棉3号)、黄瓜Cucumis sativas L.(北京202)、茄子Solanum melongena L.(北京七叶茄)和番茄Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.(佳粉十号)上各虫态大小、存活率、发育历期、成虫寿命、平均产卵量等生物学参数。在同一种寄主植物上,温室粉虱的1,2龄若虫的体长和体宽均显著大于烟粉虱,3龄以后两种粉虱的体型则变异较大。两种粉虱从卵到成虫羽化,在棉花上的发育历期无显著差异,在黄瓜、茄子和番茄上,温室粉虱的发育历期(19.7、19.4、20.8d)显著长于烟粉虱(17.3、17.6、18.3d)。在黄瓜和番茄上,烟粉虱的平均寿命(31.2、32.1)显著长于温室粉虱的平均寿命(26、24.9d);在棉花、黄瓜和番茄上,烟粉虱的单雌产卵量(122.2、220.2、266.5粒)显著高于温室粉虱(97.1、186.6、197.1粒)。烟粉虱在棉花、黄瓜、茄子和番茄上的总存活率分别为67.9%、77.8%、67.8%和59.0%,温室粉虱依次为62.2%、67.2%、64.4%和66.1%。综合比较4种寄主植物,烟粉虱比温室粉虱具有个体发育时间短、种群繁殖速度快、生殖竞争能力强等特点。