Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

Approximately Bi-Similar Symbolic Model for Discretetime Interconnected Switched System

Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple switched systems known as component switched systems(CSSs).Although the problem of constructing approximately bi-similar symbolic models for DT-ISS has been addressed in some literature,the previous works have relied on the assumption that all the subsystems of CSSs are incrementally input-state stable.

A Study on the Symbol-Based Narrative in the International Communication of Cities

Cultural symbols,a manifestation of cities’cultural resources,are not only signs that frame concepts but also forms that express meanings.Exploring the international communication of cities from the perspective of symbols,this paper analyzes in depth how cities create their cultural symbols in the dynamic process of international communication in an era of symbol-based digital media,and how they develop their narratives and explain meanings through the dissemination of symbols when telling their stories to international audiences,thus enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their international communication efforts.

Symbols in The Magic Barrel

The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.

Camilla Guerrieri’s Portrait of Guidobaldo II della Rovere:Symbols of Honor and Power

The Altomani&Sons Collection owns a remarkable newly discovered portrait of Guidobaldo II della Rovere,Duke of Urbino(1514-1574),a historical military figure who was a condottiere,ruler of Urbino,Commander-in-chief of the Papal Estate,and Perfect of Rome,as well as a collector and patron of the Fine Arts.Camilla Guerrieri Nati(1628-1694),a seventeenth-century Italian painter from Fossombrone(in the province of Pesaro and Urbino),portrayed this heroic personage surrounded by emblems associated with his military courage and leadership,including his plumed burgonet helmet,metal gilded armor,a necklace with the golden fleece,and batons of secular and religious dominions.This oil painting on copper-considered a precious metal at the time-emphasizes the importance of the commission.The material and technique also reveals a unique artistic achievement in that it provides the painting with a smooth,reflective surface and vibrant coloration,symbolizing precious imagery.

Crack Growth Rate Model Derived from Domain Knowledge-Guided Symbolic Regression

Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.

A robust symbol timing strategy for cellular systems

In cellular systems,establishing the initial symbol timing of potential preambles is the first step of a cell search.The envelope fluctuation of the downlink signal hinders the successful timing of conventional symbol timing methods.To solve this problem,a hybrid timing strategy is proposed with two novel detectors,namely the normalized replica-based detector and normalized differential detector.The strategy first detects all potential preambles via the normalized replica-based detector and then employs the normalized differential detector to verify the target preamble,which comes from the target cell and has the highest power.The strategy is unaffected by envelope fluctuation and has computational complexity comparable to that of conventional methods.Simu-lations and real-data tests show that the hybrid timing strategy is robust and practical for initial symbol timing.

Training-based symbol detection with temporal convolutional neural network in single-polarized optical communication system

In order to reduce the physical impairment caused by signal distortion,in this paper,we investigate symbol detection with Deep Learning(DL)methods to improve bit-error performance in the optical communication system.Many DL-based methods have been applied to such systems to improve bit-error performance.Referring to the speech-to-text method of automatic speech recognition,this paper proposes a signal-to-symbol method based on DL and designs a receiver for symbol detection on single-polarized optical communications modes.To realize this detection method,we propose a non-causal temporal convolutional network-assisted receiver to detect symbols directly from the baseband signal,which specifically integrates most modules of the receiver.Meanwhile,we adopt three training approaches for different signal-to-noise ratios.We also apply a parametric rectified linear unit to enhance the noise robustness of the proposed network.According to the simulation experiments,the biterror-rate performance of the proposed method is close to or even superior to that of the conventional receiver and better than the recurrent neural network-based receiver.

Application of Blank Symbols in Japanese Architecture and Indoor Designs

A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.

Evolution Performance of Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network by Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.

Analysis of the Influence of Clothing on Characterization from Symbolism: Taking The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller, and Dry September as Examples

In the novels, the clothing worn by the characters are symbols made and used by the authors to express the characters’ personality and deepen the theme, and grasping their symbolism helps to enter into the interior of the novels and understand their essence. This paper will analyze and interpret the clothing of typical female characters in The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller and Dry September from the perspective of symbolism, so as to illustrate how the symbolism of clothing, as a kind of symbols, shapes the image of the main characters.

The Application of Symbolism in Domenico Starnone’s Novel Lacci

In the Italian novel Lacci,the young husband abandoned his wife and lived with another woman.Although the marriage has been maintained under the stress of tense relations,friction and cracks have long existed and broken their peaceful life.This betrayal story restores the whole story from three perspectives through the eyes of the husband,the wife,and the memory of two children.It also reveals the indifferent and uncommunicable situations experienced by everyone in the family.The shoelace that appeared repeatedly in this article not only symbolizes the entangled and chaotic relationship between husband and wife,but also symbolizes the parent-child relationship that has long been broken but still tied up with each other;another image,the cat,not only symbolizes the seductive lover in the eyes of the husband,but also represents himself who pursues the satisfaction of desire.At the same time,cat also implies the disintegration of this marriage from inside to outside.In short,in this suffocating marriage novel,shoelace symbolizes order,while cat symbolizes chaos.The cat who keeps breaking in wore away their trust and emotion,and in the end,the two people in marriage can only bind reluctantly with shoelaces and hurt each other.

Analysis of the Symbolic Meaning of James Joyce’s Araby

Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.

E. A. Poe＇s The Masque of the Red Death： Symbol vs. Allegory？

The paper is concerned with E. A. Poe＇s unique symbolic method as manifested in his tale The Masque of the Red Death. It offers a picture of the general state of critical treatment of the supposed opposition between allegory and symbol. I present a historical overview of how the distinction between the literary terms arose, tracing the roots of the issue to the end of the 18th century and showing its development over the next two centuries. The second section of the paper is devoted to the analysis of The Masque in the light of the theoretical background provided in the opening section. The Masque is interpreted in terms of Poe＇s modulation of＂closed＂ and ＂open＂ symbolism by focusing on aspects of the story that relate to the use of numbers, colors, and time.

The Wonders of the Wall:The Great Wall is a powerful symbol that represents the heroic spirit of the Chinese people

While getting a chance to visit the Great Wall of China may not be easy,it is a memorable experience for everyone who manages to get there.And the value of the Great Wall is not confined to tourists;it is also significant for those interested in learning about the preservation of the historic site as a unique symbol of Chinese civilisation.

The Symbolic Expression in the Material Form in Public Spaces

The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.

Mathematical Definitions of Point, Line and Area Symbols in Cartography

The line cartographic symbol located on the boundary and the point cartographic symbol located by single point are the main body and stress of the map. The cartographic symbols are divided into point, line and area symbol in cartography and traditional educational books, but up to now there is only qualitative description about the three kinds of symbols, there are not the mathematical definitions of point, line and area symbols. This paper tries to solve the problem. The authors propose the mathematical definition about point, line and area cartographic symbol according to the theory of topology and expound their dependence relation.

Symbolism And The Theme of Works

In art and literature,writers like to use symbolism to reveal the themes of works.In this thesis,the writer will talk about the usage of symbolism in art and literature in brief.Then the writer will also discuss the usage of symbolism in the story of the Snake written by John.Steinbeck(a famous American novelist) by analyzing how the symbols in the story contribute to the meaning and the themes of the story.

一类新的MDS symbol-pair码

为了对抗符号对(symbol-pair)读取信道中的符号对错误,符号对码应运而生。与经典纠错码类似,极小对距离越大,符号对码的纠错能力越强,因此,构造具有较大极小符号对距离的符号对码至关重要。根据多项式重根的判别方法,通过分析有限域F p上线性方程组的解,得到了一类最大距离可分的符号对(MDS symbol-pair)码,其长度为4 p,极小符号对距离为10。结果表明,在同样码长的情况下,新构造的MDS符号对码具有较大的极小符号对距离。

Lea Symbols视力表与HOTV视力表在2.5~5.0岁儿童视力发育评价中的研究应用

目的:运用Lea Symbols视力表、HOTV视力表对2.5~5.0岁正常儿童视力发育情况进行探究,并评价2种视力表的应用效果。方法:以随机顺序先后应用Lea Symbols视力表与HOTV视力表对广州地区2所早教中心及3所幼儿园共461例儿童(922只眼)进行单眼视力检查,所有儿童提前1 d行小瞳下检影验光、眼前节裂隙灯检查、眼底情况、眼球活动、眼位检查,筛选无器质性眼病、屈光度在正常范围的儿童作为研究对象。视力值采用5分记录方法表示。结果:1)可测率(视力表使用配合程度)。407名儿童完成Lea Symbols视力检查,总体可测率92.08%;402名儿童完成HOTV视力检查,总体可测率90.95%;前者可测率高于后者,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.417,P=0.580)。进一步研究发现2种视力的可测率随年龄增长不断提高,儿童3岁之后基本都能完成2种视力的检查。2)2种视力结果及比较(5分记录法表示)。Lea视力值:右眼为4.89±0.05,左眼为4.90±0.05;HOTV视力值:右眼为4.84±0.05,左眼为4.85±0.04;前者视力好于后者,差异有统计学意义(右眼:t=3.171,P=0.003;左眼:t=3.230,P=0.003)。3)视力发育与年龄的相关性。2种视力发育与年龄存在显著正相关(P<0.001),即随着年龄的增长,视力水平逐渐提高。4)视力发育与眼别、性别的关系。左右眼之间的视力发育差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性儿童的视力发育好于女性,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Lea Symbols及HOTV视力表建议用于年龄大于3岁儿童的视力检查,且儿童更容易接受Lea Symbols视力表的检查。伴随年龄的增长,儿童的视力发育呈现提高的趋势;Lea视力优于HOTV视力。视力的发育与眼别无关,男性儿童的视力发育快于女性儿童。