Syringomyelia associated with cervical spondylosis: A rare condition

Spinal spondylosis is an extremely common condition that has only rarely been described as a cause of syringomyelia. We describe a case of syringomyelia associated with cervical spondylosis admitted at our division and treated by our institute. It is the case of a 66-yearold woman. At our observation she was affected by moderate-severe spastic tetraparesis. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed an hyperintense signal within spinal cord from C3 to T1 with a more sharply defined process in the inferior cervical spinal cord. At the same level bulging discs, facets and ligamenta flava hypertrophy determined a compression towards subarachnoid space and spinal cord. Spinal cord compression was more evident in hyperextension rather than flexion. A 4-level laminectomy and subsequent posterior stabilization with intra-articular screws was executed. At 3-mo follow up there was a regression of tetraparesis but motor deficits of the lower limbs residuated. At the same follow up postoperative MRI was executed. It suggested enlargement of the syrinx. Perhaps hyperintensity within spinal cord appeared "bounded" from C3 to C7 with clearer margins. At the level of surgical decompression, subarachnoid space and spinal cord enlargement were also evident. A review of the literature was executed using Pub Med database. The objective of the research was to find an etiopathological theory able to relate syringomyelia with cervical spondylosis. Only 6 articles have been found. At the origin of syringomyelia the mechanisms of compression and instability are proposed. Perhaps other studies assert the importance of subarachnoid space regard cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) dynamic. We postulate that cervical spine instability may be the cause of multiple microtrauma towards spinal cord and consequently may damage spinal cord parenchyma generating myelomalacia and consequently syrinx. Otherwise the hemorrhage within spinal cord central canal can cause an obstruction of CSF outflow, finally generating the syrinx. On the other hand in cervical spondylosis the stenotic elements can affect subarachnoid space. These elements rubbing towards spinal cord during movements of the neck can generate arachnoiditis, subarachnoid hemorrhages and arachnoid adhesions. Analyzing the literature these "complications" of cervical spondylosis are described at the origin of syringomyelia. So surgical decompression, enlarging medullary canal prevents rubbings and contacts between the bone-ligament structures of the spine towards spinal cord and subarachnoid space therefore syringomyelia. Perhaps stabilization is also necessary to prevent instability of the cervical spine at the base of central cord syndrome or syringomyelia. Finally although patients affected by central cord syndrome are usually managed conservatively we advocate, also for them, surgical treatment in cases affected by advanced state of the symptoms and MRI.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with syringomyelia presenting as hip Charcot neuroarthropathy:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Charcot neuroarthropathy(CN)is a systemic disease characterized by progressive bone loss and destruction,which is usually closely related to diabetes,HIV,etc.However,CN caused by syringomyelia accounts for only 5%of CN cases;the shoulder and elbow are most often involved,and the hip joint is rarely affected.As a rare factor,cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM)can be associated with syringomyelia,which is scarcely reported in the literature.Here,we present the first case report to date of CN of the hip caused by syringomyelia secondary to CSM.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 76-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with CSM due to neck pain and weakness of limbs 16 years ago.Four years ago,he noticed recurrent swelling of the right hip with pain and was diagnosed with degenerative arthritis.Recently,however,his symptoms gradually worsened,and because of progressive pain,destabilization and weakness of the right hip,he was admitted to our hospital.Through systematic physical,radiographic and laboratory examinations,we finally reached a diagnosis:CN of the right hip associated with syringomyelia secondary to CSM.After comprehensive evaluation of the patient's condition,we performed right total hip arthroplasty.During the follow-up,the patient felt well clinically and could walk independently with a knee brace.CONCLUSION We suggest a possible etiological association between CSM and syringomyelia,which may reflect a potential pathogenesis of CN.We encourage clinicians to actively carry out a detailed medical history and comprehensive physical and imaging examinations in patients with joint lesions,especially chronic shoulder neck pain,to rule out the possibility of this association,which plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of CN.Arthroplasty may no longer be an absolute contraindication to surgical treatment of CN.Reasonable selection of the surgical strategy can markedly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients.

Unilateral neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia: Diagnostic challenges

Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is a rare disorder characterized by joint degeneration, and is associated with loss of sensory innervation. Syringomyelia is a disease in which fluid-containing cavities(syrinxes) form within the spinal cord. Here, we report a case of neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia in a 40-year-old woman. X-rays of the left shoulder revealed damage to bone and joint architecture. Blood tests indicated vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed a large syrinx from the second cervical spine to the second dorsal spine. Although neuropathic arthropathy is uncommon, it should be considered in cases of unexplained pain, discomfort, or limited range of motion of the affected joint. Symptoms related to the affected joint may precede or overshadow neurological deficits. Appropriate radiological examinations and diagnoses are imperative to prevent misdiagnosis or undetected bone and joint disorders.

Lumboperitoneal Shunt for Syringomyelia

A simple method of treatment for syringomyelia was investigated in this study. Fourteen patients with syringomyelia were treated by percutaneous lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt. After the surgical shunt, obvious shrinkage of the syrinx was observed in nine patients, no change of the syrinx in two patients, and noticeable postoperative expansion of the syrinx in three patients. The results suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) moves under intraspinal pressure into the spinal cord, contributing to the formation and maintenance of the syrinx in most of our patients, and that LP shunting can effectively shrink of the syrinx.

Treatment of syringomyelia using uncultured umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Syringomyelia is a disease caused by the formation of a cavity inside the spinal cord and is accompanied by such symptoms as pain,paresthesia,and urination and defecation disorders,and in severe cases causes various paralyses.Currently,there are only surgical methods for the treatment of syringomyelia,but these methods carry the possibility of failure,recurrence,and side effects.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 59-year-old woman who suffered from pain due to syringomyelia.For treatment,the patient received transplant of uncultured umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.As intended,the patient's pain was relieved after treatment.Interestingly,an additional benefit was found in that the size of the cavity also decreased.After 2 years from the last treatment,the patient's cavity had almost completely disappeared and her syringomyelia was deemed cured.CONCLUSION Using uncultured umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells may be a new treatment alternative for syringomyelia.

Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder: Two cases of syringomyelia with cocaine use

Neuropathic arthropathy (NA) is a progressive, degenerative disorder associated with decreased sensory innervation of the involved joints. The shoulder joint is an uncommon presentation for NA, although syringomyelia is the most common cause for this joint. Two cases are presented of NA of the shoulder, with both patients having a history of syringomyelia and cocaine use. In both cases a work up for malignancy was negative, but imaging was consistent with NA. Although syringomyelia has been linked with this presentation in prior publications, the role of cocaine use may not be incidental, with complex biochemical interactions in bone metabolism. Cocaine has been shown to involve the Leptin, Neuromedin U (NmU), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) pathways of bone remodeling. Treatment can be challenging, involving concurrent use of pharmacotherapy, surgical correction, and protective bracing.

Theco-thecal bypass technique elucidating a novel procedure and perspective on treatment of post-arachnoiditis syringomyelia:A case report

BACKGROUND Post-arachnoiditis syringomyelia is a condition in which there is an intraspinal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)blockade due to arachnoidal adhesions and bands.Although many of the techniques currently in use,namely,the theco-peritoneal,syringo-pleural,syringo-peritoneal,and syringo-subarachnoid shunts,are effective,the results are often variable.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old man with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis,presented with progressive paraesthesia in the feet and progressive paraparesis along with constipation,difficulty in micturition,and decreased libido.He was bedridden a month before presentation.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dorsal multiloculated syrinx from D3-D10 vertebral levels.He underwent a D1-2 to D11 theco-thecal shunt bilaterally to abolish the CSF gradient across the level of the syrinx.There was no direct surgical handling of the spinal cord involved.At the 15-mo follow up,the patient had significant improvement in his symptoms and function.CONCLUSION We present a novel technique aimed at correcting the primary cause of a postarachnoiditis syrinx,the subarachnoid cerebrospinal flow obstruction or block,which we believe is simple and effective,involves minimal handling of the normal neural structures,and attempts to restore the physiology of CSF flow across the obstruction,with favorable clinical results.

Adult Medulloblastoma Associated with Syringomyelia:A Case Report

The association between cerebellar medulloblastoma and syringomyelia is uncommon and only found in pediatric patients.To date,adult medulloblastoma associated with syringomyelia has not been reported in the literature.Paroxysmal bradycardia is an uncommon clinical manifestation in posterior fossa tumors and likely to be vagally mediated via brainstem preganglionic cardiac motor neurons.This report introduces the diagnosis and treatment of a case of adult medulloblastoma associated with syringomyelia, which presented with paroxysmal bradycardia.

Syringomyelia after operation:diagnosis and its formational mechanism

描述 MRI 调查结果并且在脊骨以后在病人讨论 syringomyelia 的致病形成机制的目的外科的操作。完全， 13 个病人在学习被注册的方法。在手术前，任何一个都没与针的绳索 syringomyelia 我们的病人介绍。吝啬的后续持续时间由 MRI 是 6 年(范围 210 月) 。在针的绳索肿瘤以后的 13 个病人中的四个移开操作，在针的损伤操作以后的 3 个病人， 2 个盒子以前有脊柱侧凸， 2 个盒子是颈的 spondylotic myelopathy， 2 个盒子以前拴住绳索症候群操作。操作前的先生特征并且在所有病人上操作以后与外科的结果和临床的症状在对比被学习。辐射学诊断被 3 个不同放射线学者分别地做。长度，宽度，信号，洞的形状以及 subarachnoid 形状的特征上被集中。结果所有病人以前没在 MRI 上有 syringomyelia 手术。7 个病人的针的绳索出现了坚持压缩和 2 个病人以前拴住绳索操作。在在我们的情况中的操作以后的 syringomyelia 的 MRI 特征证明有鸣管液体的纵的洞有脑髓的液体(CSF ) 的 T1 和 T2 关系特征。吝啬的长度是 5.5 针的片断， 13 个病人的 4 绳索介绍了从前面的材料压缩的绳索， 4 发生了对腰部的针的运河和 1 格的针的绳索的背的手术后的粘附依附颈的针的运河的前面墙。在在针的外科的干预以后的病人的 syringomyelia 的机制可以是在操作前的时期的针的绳索的坚持的压缩或意愿的结论或操作以后。浮肿，包囊，针的绳索的 malacia 是最重要的损害，风险因素导致 syringomyelia。

Clinical Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Subpial Tonsillectomy(MIST)for Treatment of Chiari Malformation(TypeⅠ)with Syringomyelia

Background To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive subpial tonsillectomy(MIST)in the treatment of Chiari malformation(type I)with syringomyelia.Methods A total of 209 Chiari malformation(type I)patients with syringomyelia were studied.The patients were grouped based on the syrinx diameter changes:complete disappearance group(48 patients),obvious shrinkage group(147 patients),and non-obvious shrinkage group(14 patients).The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale(CCOS)was used to compare clinical data of the three groups of patients before treatment.The correlations between disease duration and syrinx diameter changes as well as post-treatment clinical symptoms were analyzed.The related factors of efficacy were analyzed.Results Age and disease duration were the oldest/longest in the non-obvious shrinkage group,and the youngest/shortest in the complete disappearance group(P<0.05).The maximum diameter reduction of syrinx was the greatest in the complete disappearance group,and the smallest in the non-obvious shrinkage group(P<0.05).The proportions of patients with hypoesthesia,limb weakness,and muscle atrophy were the largest in the non-obvious shrinkage group,and the smallest in the complete disappearance group(P<0.05).The CCOS score were the highest in the complete disappearance group,and the lowest in the non-obvious shrinkage group(P<0.05).There were statistically significant(P<0.05)negative correlations between disease duration and maximum diameter reduction of syrinx,CCOS pain score,CCOS non-pain score,CCOS functionality score,and CCOS complication score,disease duration and hypoesthesia,limb weakness,muscle atrophy,and sleep apnea.Result of multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that age,disease duration,and preoperative syrinx diameter were the risk factors for efficacy(P<0.05).Conclusion For patients with Chiari malformation complicated by syringomyelia,the longer the disease duration,the more difficult it is to achieve syrinx reduction and improve the clinical symptoms.“Minimally invasive subpial tonsillectomy(MIST)and cisterna magna reconstruction”is an improved surgical approach to treat Chiari malformation(cerebellar tonsil herniation).It has the advantages of small incision,less postoperative reaction,and fewer complications,and it emphasizes the reshaping and repair of cerebellar tonsils,reconstruction of cisterna magna,and restoration of cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

Ⅰ型Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的手术治疗策略

目的探讨有限后颅窝减压联合硬膜扩大修补术治疗Ⅰ型Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的临床疗效和手术经验。方法回顾性分析我院经有限后颅窝减压联合硬膜扩大修补术治疗的47例Ⅰ型Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞患者的临床资料。术后复查MRI评估后颅窝容积变化、小脑扁桃体形态以及脊髓空洞形态变化等。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估患者神经功能改善情况,并记录并发症发生情况。结果47例患者均顺利完成有限后颅窝减压联合硬膜扩大修补术。术后并发症主要为单侧肢体麻木、切口疼痛、发热、皮下积液等,均经保守对症治疗后痊愈。随访期间患者临床症状和神经功能均有不同程度地改善和好转,无神经功能恶化或死亡病例。患者术后3个月的JOA评分为(15.83±1.31)分,高于术前的(14.66±2.06)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月MRI显示,47例患者均可见脊髓空洞范围缩小或消失。结论有限后颅窝减压联合硬膜扩大修补术治疗Ⅰ型Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞在保证减压效果的同时,还可以增加对后颅窝内容物的支撑,有效预防术后局部粘连,并恢复枕大池区脑脊液正常生理循环,是Ⅰ型Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的有效治疗方式。

合并Chiari畸形Ⅰ型和脊髓空洞症的脊柱侧凸与特发性脊柱侧凸影像学特征和矫形效果比较

目的 比较合并Chiari畸形Ⅰ型和脊髓空洞症的脊柱侧凸与特发性脊柱侧凸(IS)患者的影像学特征和矫形效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月—2015年6月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院接受一期后路脊柱融合术治疗的合并Chiari畸形Ⅰ型和脊髓空洞症的22例脊柱侧凸患者资料(研究组),并与年龄、性别、主弯位置、侧凸数量、冠状面影像学参数1∶1配对的22例IS患者(IS组)进行比较。记录所有患者手术时间、预估出血量、融合节段数、螺钉密度等。在手术前后站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量并计算冠状面影像学参数(主弯Cobb角、侧曲角、柔韧性、顶椎位置、冠状面平衡)、矢状面后凸角、胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、矢状位垂直轴(SVA)、畸形角度比(DAR)、矫形率及矫形丢失率。结果 所有手术顺利完成,研究组随访(6.2±1.2)年,IS组随访(6.2±1.1)年。2组患者手术时间、预估出血量、融合节段数、螺钉密度差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。2组患者手术前后影像学参数差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。所有患者均未发生螺钉松动、断裂、术后神经功能损伤等并发症。结论 术前年龄、性别、主弯位置、侧凸数量、冠状面影像学参数相匹配的情况下,伴发Chiari畸形Ⅰ型和脊髓空洞症的脊柱侧凸患者与IS患者具有相似的矢状面影像学参数和主弯柔韧性,且在一期后路脊柱融合术治疗后可获得相似的矫形效果。

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia

Background About 50%--70% of patients with Chiad malformation I （CMI） presented with syringomyelia （SM）, which is supposed to be related to abnormal cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） flow around the foramen magnum. The aim of this study was to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at levels of the aqueduct and upper cervical spine in patients with CMI associated with SM, and to discuss the possible mechanism of formation of SM. Methods From January to Apdl 2004, we examined 10 adult patients with symptomatic CMI associated with SM and 10 healthy volunteers by phase-contrast MRI. CSF flow patterns were evaluated at seven regions of interest （ROI）： the aqueduct and ventral and dorsal subarachnoid spaces of the spine at levels of the cerebellar tonsil, C2-3, and C5-6. The CSF flow waveforms were analyzed by measuring CSF circulation time, durations and maximum velocities of cranial- and caudal-directed flows, and the ratio between the two maximum velocities. Data were analyzed by ttest using SPSS 11.5. Results We found no definite communication between the fourth ventricle and syringomyelia by MRI in the 10 patients. In both the groups, we observed cranial-directed flow of CSF in the early cardiac systolic phase, which changed the direction from cranial to caudal from the middle systolic phase to the early diastolic phase, and then turned back in cranial direction in the late diastolic phase. The CSF flow disappeared at the dorsal ROI at the level of C2-3 in 3 patients and 1 volunteer, and at the level of C5-6 in 6 patients and 3 volunteers. The durations of CSF circulation at all the ROIs were significantly shorter in the patients than those in the healthy volunteers （P=-0.014 at the midbrain aqueduct, P=-0.019 at the inferior margin of the cerebellar tonsil, P=-0.014 at the level of C2-3, and P=-0.022 at the level of C5-6）. No significant difference existed between the two groups in the initial point and duration of the caudal-directed CSF flow during a cardiac cycle at all the ROIs. The maximum velocities of both cranial- and caudal-directed CSF flows were significantly higher in the patients than those in the volunteers at the aqueduct （P=-0.018 and P=-0.007） and ventral ROI at the inferior margin of the cerebellar tonsil （P〈0.001 and P=-0.002）, as so did the maximum velocities of the caudal-directed flow in the ventral and dorsal ROIs at the level of C2-3 （P=-0.004; P=-0.007）. Conclusions The direction of CSF flow changes in accordance with cardiac cycle. The syringomyelia in patients with CMI may be due to the decreased circulation time and abnormal dynamics of the CSF in the upper cervical segment. The decompression of the foramen magnum with dural plasty is an alternative for patients with CMI associated with SM.

Charcot Elbow Joint as the Initial Symptom in Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia

Charcot joint （CJ）, also known as neurotrophic arthropathy, is secondary to diabetes, syringomyelia, spinal tuberculosis, etc. The clinical manifestations are varied. The main performance includes pain, slightly restricted joint movement and very obvious swelling and damage of joint. It is easy to be misdiagnosed when the joint is the first symptom. We report a case of Charcot elbow joint as the initial symptom in Chiari malformation with syringomyelia.

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞(CM-SM)手术前后的MR影像表现

目的探究Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞(CMSM)手术前后的MR影像表现,分析其病因。方法选择本院收治的33例CM-SM患者为研究对象,对其临床资料和术前、术后M R影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后经MRI检查提示,脊髓空洞明显缩小的有26例,脊髓空洞轻微变小的偶6例,无明显变化的1例。手术后患者枕大池成形较好,小脑下疝堵塞有所改善,脑室出口通畅,术后蛛网膜下腔脑脊液明显多于术前。术前患者的中脑导水管脑脊液RF、MF、SV均明显少于术后6个月,V_(dmax)与V_(umax)高于术后6个月,对比差异显著(P<0.08);术前患者的桥延池脑脊液MF、SV明显少于术后6个月,V_(dmax)与V_(umax)高于术后6个月,对比差异显著(P<0.05)。术前与术后6个月的RF对比,无显著差异(P>0.05);术前患者的C2-3椎间盘脑脊液MF、SV均明显少于术后6个月,V_(dmax)与V_(umax)高于术后6个月,对比差异显著(P<0.05)。术前与术后6个月的RF对比,无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论MRI用于CN-SM患者手术前后检查,可以确定枕大孔区不全梗阻引起的脑脊液循环异常可形成脊髓空洞,经手术治疗后,枕大孔区梗阻解除,恢复脑脊液流动。

Myotonic Dystrophy Type I with Syringomyelia in a Young Patient

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 （DM1） is the most common disease causing muscle weakness and atrophy in adults. The prevalence of DM1 in China is not clear. DM1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with the cytosine-thynline-guanine （CTG） repeat expansion in 3＇untranslated region in dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase （DMPK） gene on chromosome 19q 13.3. In DM 1, CTG pathological repeat numbers are more than 50. The size of CTG repeat expansion is associated with the time of clinical phenotypes onset and severity The coexistence of DMI and syrlngomyelia is rare. Here, we report DM1 coexisting with syringonlyelia in a Chinese male patient.

Clinical manifestations and significance of post-traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia

Objective: To analyze the pathogenic mechanism and the clinical significance of post traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia through reviewing the clinical manifestations. Methods: The data of 15 patients (14 males and 1 female, aged from 28 to 56 years, with an average of 36 years) with post traumatic syringomyelia treated in our hospital from December 1997 to February 2002 were studied retrospectively. Two patients suffered from T 11 fractures, 7 from T 12 fractures and 6 from L 1 fractures. There were 12 patients with burst fractures and 3 with fracture dislocations. Anterior decompression, bone graft, bone fusion and internal fixation were made on 6 patients, posterior decompression, bone graft, bone fusion and internal fixation on 1 patient, and non surgical treatment on 8 patients. Results: Syringomyelia of the patients was diagnosed accurately with magnetic resonance imaging at 0.5 4 years after the original thoracolumbar fracture. The cavern was round in 6 cases, elliptic in 6 cases, and irregular in 3 cases. The patients also suffered from pain (80%), myodynamia attenuation in lower extremities ( 66.7 %), aggravated spasm ( 46.7 %), sensation loss or hypesthesia ( 46.7 %), decreased coordinate function of lower extremities (20%) and autonomic nerve symptom ( 6.7 %). Conclusions: Post traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia should be suspected if the patient has new neurological symptoms, such as myodynamia attenuation in lower extremities, after the neural function becomes stable for certain time.

脊髓栓系综合征合并脊髓空洞症患儿脑脊液流体动力学分析

目的 探讨脊髓栓系综合征(TCS)合并脊髓空洞症患儿脑脊液流体动力学变化。方法 选择2018年8月至2020年10月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的15例TCS合并脊髓空洞症患儿为研究对象。所有患儿行神经电生理监测下显微镜通道脊髓终丝松解术。术后6个月对患儿进行随访,记录患儿术后临床症状恢复情况;比较患者手术前后脊髓空洞横截面积和脑脊液流体动力学指标。结果 术后6个月,所有患儿的腰背部疼痛、下肢痉挛、下肢无力、膀胱功能障碍、肛门括约肌功能障碍等临床症状均得到不同程度的缓解;患儿的脊髓空洞横截面积显著小于术前(P<0.05),脊髓圆锥腹侧峰值流量及脊髓圆锥背侧峰值流量均显著多于术前(P<0.05)。结论 TCS合并脊髓空洞症患儿存在脑脊液流体动力学异常,终丝松解手术后,患儿的临床症状和脑脊液流体动力学情况得到改善,脊髓空洞横截面积缩小。

四脑室-蛛网膜下腔分流术治疗复发性、特发性脊髓空洞症疗效观察

目的探讨四脑室-蛛网膜下腔分流术(FVSS)治疗复发性、特发性脊髓空洞症(SM)的临床疗效。方法选择2019年1月至2021年6月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的16例复发性、特发性SM患者为研究对象。所有患者均行FVSS,通过查阅病历资料收集患者手术前后的症状资料。分别于术前1周及术后6个月应用改良日本骨科学会(mJOA)评分评估患者的神经功能。分别于术前1周及术后6个月,采用全脊髓磁共振成像检查患者脊髓空洞直径,相位对比磁共振成像(PC-MRI)测量中脑导水管中段、枕骨大孔收缩期及舒张期脑脊液流速,PC-MRI测量收缩期脑干背侧脑脊液循环情况,Queckensted试验检测患者40、60 mm Hg压力下的脑脊液峰值压力以及达峰时间;于术后6个月,采用芝加哥Chiari畸形预后量表(CCOS)评估患者预后情况。结果术前SM患者出现疼痛14例、节段性感觉分离10例、肢体麻木9例、上肢肌力下降9例、下肢肌力下降5例。术后13例患者疼痛明显改善,1例疼痛无明显改善。手术前后SM患者mJOA评分分别为5~11(9.86±2.20)、10~15(12.67±3.95)分,SM患者术后mJOA评分显著高于术前(P<0.05)。SM患者术后脊髓空洞直径显著低于术前(P<0.05)。SM患者术后收缩期和舒张期枕骨大孔脑脊液流速峰值、中脑导水管脑脊液流速峰值均显著低于术前(P<0.05);PC-MRI显示,与术前相比较,患者术后收缩期脑干背侧脑脊液循环信号更强。SM患者术后40、60 mm Hg压力下脑脊液压力峰值均显著高于术前(P<0.05);SM患者术后40、60 mm Hg压力下脑脊液压力达峰时间与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SM患者预后良好14例,预后不良2例,患者均未出现神经损伤、脑脊液漏、感染等并发症。术后6个月复查PC-MRI及Queckensted试验显示,SM患者四脑室-蛛网膜下腔置入分流管固定良好,未发现分流管脱落及堵塞情况。结论FVSS可有效改善复发性、特发性SM患者的临床症状,改善神经功能和脑脊液循环情况,且预后良好。

颅颈交界区畸形手术治疗临床疗效分析

目的探讨颅颈交界区畸形行外科手术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析采用后路关节间撑开复位固定融合术或小骨窗寰枕减压术治疗的48例颅颈交界区畸形患者,其中,对寰枢椎脱位患者测量手术前后的寰齿前间隙ADI、齿状突顶点高出Chamberlain线的高度(O-CL)、斜坡-椎管角(CCA);对脊髓空洞患者比较手术前后脊髓空洞大小,使用mJOA评分评价神经功能恢复情况。结果寰枢椎脱位患者的ADI由术前(9.67±1.82)mm减小至(3.53±1.61)mm,O-CL由术前的(9.40±3.77)mm减小至(1.97±2.12)mm,CCA由术前的(140.85±8.34)°增大至(147.63±9.43)°;32例脊髓空洞患者中,空洞较前缩小21例,空洞无变化11例,未出现空洞较前增大患者。术后mJOA评分由术前的13.9分增加至15.4分。上述数据在手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论后路关节间撑开复位固定融合术或小骨窗寰枕减压术治疗颅颈交界区畸形安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。