Analysis of the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers

We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings.We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light,and optimizing the length of gratings,in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device,and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.

Time-domain characteristics of overlying strata failure under condition of longwall ascending mining

Ascending mining is one of the most effective ways to solve problems of water inrush, gas outburst and rock burst in coal seams mining. In order to reveal the law of motion and spatiotemporal relationship of overlaying strata, field measurement has been done in a mine. Long distance drillings were constructed from 4# coal seam to 6# coal seam at several certain typical positions, and movement and failure law of overlying strata after mining was analyzed by drilling video and observing the fluid leakage. Besides, we also analyzed the spatiotemporal development law of overlying strata failure with different mining heights and time intervals in the lower coal seam. The results show that: ascending mining is significantly affected by time-domain characteristics of overlaying strata failure after the lower coal seam's mining, height equations of caving zone and fractured zone are given in this paper, and the feasibility of ascending mining was compartmentalized concretely according to the spatiotemporal relationship. Research methods and conclusions of this paper have certain referential significance for the study of ascending mining, mining under water, mining under building, mining under railway and stress-relief mining.

Characteristic-Based Time Domain Method for Cylindrically Conformal Microstrip Patch Antennas

The characteristics of a cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna are analyzed by using the characteristic-based time domain （CBTD） method. A governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of cylindrically conformal microstrip patch antennas. The algorithm has second-order accuracy both in time and space domain and has the potential to eliminate the spurious wave reflection from the numerical boundaries of the computational domain, Numerical results demonstrate the important merits and accuracy of the proposed technique in computational electromagnetics,

A Time Domain Computation Method for Dynamic Behavior of Mooring System

A quasi-steady time domain method is developed for the prediction of dynamic behavior of a mooring system under the environmental disturbances, such as regular or irregular waves, winds and currents. The mooring forces are obtained in a static sense at each instant. The dynamic feature of the mooring cables can be obtained by incorporating the extended 3-D lumped-mass method with the known ship motion history. Some nonlinear effects, such as the influence of the instantaneous change of the wetted hull surface on the hydrostatic restoring forces and Froude-Krylov forces, are included. The computational results show a satisfactory agreement with the experimental ones.

Characteristic Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance Data in Substation

Characteristic analysis of transient electromagnetic disturbance data is very important. In this paper, the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of transient electromagnetic disturbance caused by switching operations in substations are analyzed. Two methods are adopted in time-domain analysis. One method is histogram and the other one is normality test. An appropriate procedure for the normality test is proposed. Furthermore, the method used in frequency- domain analysis is to obtain overall envelope. These statistical characteristic analysis methods are showed to be of great value in analyses of the measured samples. The simulation results showed that these methods are effective.

时空异质性视角下华北地区碳足迹评估及驱动因子分析

碳足迹是衡量碳排放的重要指标,削减碳足迹是实现“双碳”目标的前提条件。华北地区作为我国高耗能、高排放的集中区域,客观量化碳足迹并探究主要驱动因子对加快推进碳减排具有重要意义。为此,论文基于IPCC法对华北地区“十五”至“十三五”期间的碳足迹进行测算,运用标准差椭圆分析碳足迹的分布及转移特征,使用地理探测器识别碳足迹的主要驱动因子。研究发现:(1)“十五”至“十三五”期间碳足迹总量经历了“先增长—后下降”两个阶段,由“十五”期间的425452万吨上升至1066353万吨,而后逐渐下降到“十三五”期间的898908万吨。(2)标准差椭圆呈稳定的“南—北”分布,重心分布于山西大同和河北张家口之间,呈向西北方向偏移趋势,已偏移72.56千米。(3)能源强度、产业结构、城镇化率对碳足迹驱动因子解释力度较大,且关键交互因子均含有能源强度、产业结构、研发投入。华北地区不同时期碳足迹分布及影响因子存在时空差异,在制定碳减排政策时应充分考虑区域碳足迹的时空异质性。

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.

OFDM系统中联合抑制ICI的算法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中由频率偏移引起的子载波间干扰(ICI)的问题,提出了一种基于对称子载波的ICI自消除算法。该算法将互为相反数的发送符号映射到对称的子载波上,并在接收端将解调信号进行线性组合。为了进一步降低ICI,将基于对称子载波的ICI自消除算法与时域加窗相结合,即在发送数据符号之前,与升余弦函数相乘。对算法进行仿真实验,相对于相邻符号自消除算法,该算法减小了子载波间的干扰系数;加窗后OFDM符号频谱的边瓣衰减速度快,最大可衰减至-40 d B;对于系统的信号干扰比性能(SIR),加窗后的算法同相邻符号自消除算法相比可提高8 d B左右;在信噪比较大的情况下,改善了系统的误码率。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够抑制ICI,提高系统抗干扰性能。

基于特征序列的时域STBC-OFDM盲识别算法

为有效解决STBC-OFDM信号盲识别过程中存在的低信噪比适应能力弱等问题,在OFDM块大小已知的前提下,提出了一种在时域上构造特征序列的识别算法。该算法推导了空时分组码接收信号的时域特性,以及四阶特征向量,并构造特征序列,通过检测特征序列达到识别4种STBC-OFDM信号的目的。推导和仿真结果表明:所提算法无需信道、噪声、调制方式和OFDM块起始位置等先验信息,在较低信噪比条件下也具有良好的识别性能,且对频偏、多普勒频移和时延的鲁棒性能好,计算量较低,具有较高的实用价值。

中性点柔性接地配电网故障相恢复电压暂态时域特征分析

配电网接地故障过零熄弧后的电压暂态恢复特性决定了系统过电压水平及电弧重燃特性,目前,中性点柔性接地配电网故障熄弧后暂态恢复电压变化机理尚不明确,为此建立柔性接地配电网接地故障暂态等值电路,理论解析故障过零熄弧后故障恢复电压的时域表达式。在此基础上,对比分析配电网谐振接地与柔性接地方式下,系统参数变化对故障相恢复电压暂态峰值与恢复速度的影响,揭示暂态时间尺度下故障相恢复电压特征随注入零序电流值与电流注入时机的变化规律,阐明通过中性点注入可控零序电流抑制故障暂态过电压的机理。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境与10 kV真型配电网实验场中模拟各种运行和故障工况,仿真与真型实验结果均验证柔性接地配电网故障相恢复电压时域解析特征与变化规律的正确性。

Assessment of right ventricular afterload by pressure waveform analysis in acute pulmonary hypertension

AIM: To characterize hydraulic right ventricle (RV) af- terload by pulmonary arterial pressure waveform analy- sis in an acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) model. METHODS: Pulmonary artery (PA) flow and pressure were recorded in six anesthetized sheep. Acute iso- baric PH was induced by phenylephrine (active) and PA mechanical constriction (passive). We estimated the amplitude of the forward and reflected pressure waves according to the inflection point. In most cases the in- flection pressure was smooth, thus the inflection point was defined as the time at which the first derivative ofpulmonary arterial pressure reached its first minimum. We calculated the input and characteristic (Z C , time- domain Li method) impedances, the capacitance index (stroke volume/pulse pressure), the augmentation index (AI) (reflected pressure/pulse pressure), the frac- tional pulse pressure (pulse pressure/mean pressure) and the wasted energy generated by the RV due to wave reflection during ejection (E W ). RESULTS: Pulse pressure, fractional pulse pressure, AI and Z C increased and capacitance index decreased during passive PH with respect to control (P < 0.05). In contrast, Z C and the capacitance index did not change and E W and the AI decreased during active PH. Pulse pressure correlated with E W and Z C and the AI was cor- related with E W (r > 0.6, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PA pressure waveform analysis al- lows the quantification of the dynamic RV afterload. Prospective clinical studies will be necessary to validate this time-domain approach to evaluate the dynamic RV afterload in chronic PH.

架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性及故障定位应用

针对架空配电线路电弧接地故障点定位难题,该文研究架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性,探索基于电磁辐射信号的电弧故障定位方法的可行性。通过10 k V配网真型故障模拟试验平台,分析接地电弧电磁辐射的时域与频域特性及传播衰减规律,结果表明:电弧电流的电磁辐射特征频段为20~30 MHz,该特征频段不会受到中性点接地方式、电弧接地介质与线路结构参数的显著影响,且特征频段内辐射信号在传播过程中衰减较慢。在此基础上,设计一种小型化三角形单极子–环形组合平面天线,工作频率为20~500 MHz。利用自制天线开展小型电弧故障定位实验,为后续配网电弧故障定位的应用研究提供基础。

基岩中入射波三维时域反演及自由场构建

基岩入射波一维和二维时域反演不能反映入射方位角和斜入射角的空间任意性,导致构建的自由场可能与实际偏离较远,因此有必要开展基岩入射波三维时域反演研究。基于波函数组合法,利用基岩中P波、SV波和SH波的入射波时程表达地表控制点自由场,建立基于设计地震动的基岩入射波三维时域反演方法,并进一步构建了多波组合斜入射下的空间非一致自由场,分析了基于一维和二维反演方法构建的自由场偏差,揭示了不同反演和自由场构建方法对于沥青混凝土心墙土石坝地震响应的影响机制。结果表明:基于地震动三维反演方法构建的自由场具有空间非一致性,能够更全面地反映场地的地震动场情况。当入射方位角在0°~60°、斜入射角在40°~90°范围内,与三维反演方法相比,一维反演方法构建的特征点x向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为55.8%;当入射方向与某个水平坐标轴平行时,二维反演方法构建的特征点另一个水平向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为100%。介质泊松比增大,一维反演下x向自由场偏差减小,二维反演下x向自由场偏差增大,特征点位移峰值最大偏差分别为46%和36%。与基于地震动三维反演方法获得的心墙拉应力最大值相比,二维和一维反演下拉应力最大值分别减小了83.3%和20.0%。

复杂电能信号谐波时频域特征分析及其对电能计量影响

为准确分析复杂电能信号谐波时频域特性对电能计量的影响,提出了一种零值搜索-短时傅里叶变换时频域电压、电流信号幅度和相位分析算法,利用信号波形过零特征,自适应调整短窗傅里叶变换的时域窗宽,解决了电网频率波动导致的相位累积效应对相位分析的影响,算法的幅值分析误差为10-3、相位分析误差小于1°;建立了复杂电能信号时频域数据表征模型和4类时频域全局化特征矩阵提取算法,解决了时频域特性表征与提取的问题;以典型非线性动态负荷中频炉为分析案例,分析给出了其4类时频域全局化特征,并建立了畸变波形动态电能测试信号特征模型,通过辅助实验验证了4个时频域全局化特征对电能表动态超差的影响,提出了对国际和国内标准修改的建议。

高聚物注浆修复的面板堤坝探地雷达波场特征分析

针对高聚物注浆修复堤坝面板脱空病害的修复效果问题,依据实际堤坝面板层间结构和材料介电参数,基于时域有限差分法和完全匹配层边界条件建立了高聚物注浆修复面板脱空堤坝的探地雷达电磁波计算模型,分析了雷达中心频率、面板脱空修复程度及脱空区域大小、面板厚度及配筋等因素对高聚物注浆修复面板脱空堤坝探地雷达波场特征的影响。结果表明:随着激励源中心频率增大,探地雷达剖面图分辨率逐渐增加;随着脱空区域长度增加,探地雷达剖面图中产生的水平状界面反射波增长;随着脱空区域深度增加,探地雷达剖面图水平状反射线之间时间间隔逐渐增大;随着堤坝面板厚度增加,在面板脱空修复区域绕射波和衍射波幅值减小;探地雷达发射的电磁波遇到钢筋时将产生能量较强的绕射波,强绕射波将脱空区域上下分界面的反射波分割开,难以判断反射波的水平长度。根据高聚物注浆修复面板脱空堤坝的探地雷达波场特征,能有效判断堤坝面板脱空区域的高聚物注浆修复效果,有助于解释实际堤坝面板高聚物注浆修复效果的探地雷达图像。

天津某环境背景噪声分析

连续波形检查中发现,天津尔王庄(EWZ)等台明显受到某未知噪声的干扰,且EWZ台受影响程度最大,此噪声常年如此,不随昼夜时间发生变化,且已存在多年。长期观测还发现,此噪声每年会有几天观测不到,但时间并不确定。与通常的环境背景噪声不同,此噪声具有一些固定特征。本文对其从本身特征、影响范围、频谱特性、对地震的影响等几个方面进行了研究。研究表明,噪声不受天气、季节等自然因素影响,具有随距EWZ台距离增大而振幅变小的变化特征,其主要频率范围在1~2 Hz之间。噪声的影响范围较广泛,可被周围12个台站记录到,最远到达YGZ台,距离EWZ台约58 km。通过偏振分析,发现噪声的传播具有特定的方向性,初步判断此噪声具有固定源噪声的特点。此噪声会对地震记录造成影响,使震相拾取率降低,甚至完全淹没在噪声中,通过带阻频率滤波会有所改善。

介质粗糙面与组合目标宽带电磁散射特性研究

文中对介质粗糙面和组合目标的宽带复合电磁散射特性进行研究,通过数值计算得到了复合散射系数频率响应曲线。分析结果显示,后向复合散射系数在宽频带范围内随着频率的变化而产生振荡,粗糙面的高度均方根、介电常数、组合目标尺度、目标介电常数等因素对复合散射系数有显著的影响,且影响规律较为复杂。相比之下,粗糙面的相关长度对复合散射系数的影响较为微弱。当目标是理想导体时,频率响应曲线近似呈现出准周期性的振荡形态。

锂离子电池超声传播特性温度解耦方法研究

超声检测技术用于评估锂离子电池的荷电状态和健康状态,受到了广泛的关注,但是在大倍率、高温升条件下电池声学响应特征及放电条件与声学信号的关系尚不清楚。基于以上问题,通过搭建磷酸铁锂电池电-声-热综合检测平台,分析电池超声信号温度作用机制,引入与荷电状态相关的温度耦合系数以实现声学传播特性的温度解耦,并分析了不同温度和放电倍率下锂离子电池循环过程中的声学响应特性。实验结果表明,解耦温度的声学时域特征能够准确表征电池内部结构变化,为磷酸铁锂电池的检测和超声技术用于更多场景提供了研究方法。

染污绝缘子放电空间电场时频特性研究

恶劣气象条件地区的污闪事故时有发生,而目前对污秽外绝缘放电机制的理解还不够全面。为揭示污秽绝缘子放电空间电场特性,该文提出了一种新的污闪预警方法。在前期研究基础上,开展了染污绝缘子放电空间电场波形监测试验,重点研究了空间电场波形的时频特征参量。对于时域特征,对空间电场信号有效值、峰峰值、峰值因子三个时域特征量进行了研究,获得了其与盐密、绝缘子闪络状态的关系;对于频域特征,对空间电场信号进行傅里叶分解,获得了不同试验条件下的频谱图,发现发生闪络时,绝缘子空间电场信号中谐波分量占比升高,并提出可用三次谐波因子来描述绝缘子污闪放电发展程度。研究成果可进一步揭示污闪放电机制,并为解决恶劣环境下输电线路污闪预警的实际工程问题提供技术支撑。