Advances in the application of acupuncture in military first aid

Acupuncture has a long history in China and has played an important role in military medical treatment since ancient times.Acupuncture therapy has been gradually popularized in the armies of various countries.It not only alleviates tissue damage of acute cardio-cerebrovascular injury but also can relieve all types of pain.However,compared with its rising popularity abroad,insufficient attention has been devoted to acupuncture in first aid domestically.Military health care has also ignored its potential value.The implementation of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine can relieve pain better and faster.Acupuncture can reduce the sequels of training-related injuries,and further improve the level of military medical security.It is significant for the establishment of an emergency medical system and the development of traditional medical techniques.

The effect of military training on anxiety symptoms in Chinese recruits

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in army recruits and the effect of military training on anxiety.Methods A cluster sampling of 1431 new army recruits was conducted.The anxiety level of recruits was determined by Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) and Adult EPQ questionnaires prior to,one month after,and two months after entering basic military training.Self compiled biographic variables of the recruits were collected before the training.Results The highest BAI score(32.71±7.87) was observed 2 days before training,followed by 1 month after training(31.49±7.75) and 2 months after training(29.87±6.95).BAI score before training correlated with neuroticism and extraversion of recruits,the psychological trauma,suicide feeling and frequency of exercise before recruiting.A significant decrease in the percentage of severe symptom of wobbliness in legs,instability to relax,racing heart,dizziness,fear of the worst happening and trembling hands was observed after 1 month and/or 2 months of military training.Conclusion A higher BAI score and percentage of severe anxiety symptoms were observed before the training which correlated with psychological characteristics of recruits as well as the psychological experience before entering training.A combination of early psychological interference and physical exercise could reduce the anxiety.

A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps physical fitness assessment

Background:The U.S.Air Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel.It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical training.The purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the tests.Methods:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)semesters.PFAs were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 years.Additionally,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class rank.Results:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman year.Examining between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class ranks.These findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of training.This limitation may be in part due to the limited duration of training incorporated by the ROTC program(2 h per week),which provided a maintenance effect rather than improvement in physical performance.We recommend that more attention be directed to the efficacy of physical training,the sensitivity of measures included in the PFA,or both.

APPLICATION OF PUNCTURING THE POINTS OPPOSITE TO THE DISEASED SIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF TRAINING INJURY IN TROOPS——A Report on 2560 Cases

Puncturing points opposite to the diseased side was used to treat injuries in 2560soldiers during their training.The instant effective rate and curative rate of the therapy was up to 96.25％and 38.44％respectively.

Epidemiological investigation of military training injuries for sea trainingand parachuting training

Objective: To study epidemiological characteristics of the military training injuries (MTI) during parachuting training of the air force and sea training of the navy. Methods:The subjects of this study were 1382, including 971 navy soldiers (300 recruits and 671 soldiers) and 411 for force recruits. Navy: Each of injured soldiers was investigated by the trained battalion surgeon; Air force: When the parachuting training finished , two doctors in specific field screened and investigated them one by one. Results: The incidence of injury in for force recruits was 16.3% and in navy recruits was 18. 7%. The incidence of navy soldiers was 5.5%, which was significantly lower than that of navy recruits. There was a peak of incidence in the 2nd training month of navy recruits. The peak of incidence of navy soldiers was in 1st training month. The incidence of air force maintained at a high level except 2nd training month. The incidences of lower legs and ankles were higher than those of other sites in navy with percentage of 42.9% and 17.9% respectively. The incidences of ankles and lumbar region were higher than those of other sites in air force with percentage of 26.9% and 23.9% respectively. Incidence of acute traumatic injuries was highest during special course. Conclusion: The result showed the incidence of injury in sea and parachuting training varied. Different preventive measures should be adopted during special training.

"Ten Thousand"Project to Cultivate the Professional Quality of Medical and Nursing Students:A Case Study of Suzhou Vocational and Technical College of Health

With the continuous development of the economy and the continuous improvement of people's requirements for the quality ofmedical care, medical staffs in hospitals need to have good professional qualities to better provide quality services for patients.Higher vocational colleges are an important training base for medical and nursing skilled personnel in China, but most medicaleducation focuses on students' professional knowledge and skills education, often neglecting the cultivation of professional quality.Taking Suzhou Vocational and Technical College of Health as an example, in this paper, a preliminary analysis of the currentsituation of training medical and nursing students' professional literacy in higher vocational colleges based on the "ten thousand"project was carried out, and its importance and significance discussed.

基于RoBERTa-Span-Attack的标签指针网络军事命名实体识别

军事领域文本中存在大量军事实体信息,准确识别这些信息是军事文本信息提取和构建军事知识图谱的基础性任务。首先,提出了一种基于RoBERTa预训练模型、跨度和对抗训练的标签指针网络的融合深度模型(RoBERTa-Span-Attack),用于中文军事命名实体识别;然后,采用了一种基于Span的标签指针网络,同时完成实体的起止位置和类别的识别任务;最后,在模型训练过程中加入对抗训练策略,通过添加一些扰动来生成对抗样本进行训练。在军事领域数据集上的实验结果表明:所提出的军事领域命名实体识别模型相较于BERT-CRF、BERT-Softmax和BERT-Span,在识别准确度上具有更优的效果。

“三全育人”视角下新时代普通高校学生军训育人体系的构建

新时代需要普通高等学校学生军事技能训练提质增效。学生军事技能训练既是学校国防教育的重要载体和有效形式,也是深化“三全育人”综合改革的有效途径。学生军训育人离不开对全员、全过程、全方位的“三全育人”核心理念理解与践行,其中全员育人是学生军训育人的基本保障,全过程育人是学生军训育人的发展方向,全方位育人是学生军训育人的必由之路,“三全育人”有力推进学生军训育人高质量发展。本文以“三全育人”视角,围绕北京科技大学学生军事技能训练实践,构建了“四相结合,五育并举”的新时代普通高校学生军训育人体系的构建,为深化学生军训改革提供参考建议。

美国太空军的人才培养体系建设举措及其启示

为深入探讨新型作战力量人才队伍建设的基本规律,基于文献研究对美国近年来实施的太空军人才培养举措进行系统梳理。美军一向重视太空作战人才队伍建设,太空军独立后更是在太空训练与战备司令部的领导下加快构建独立的教育训练体系,围绕太空作战人才培养推出了一系列思路举措:一方面加强军队院校太空教育专业性,另一方面拓展军民融合途径。从分步建设人才培训体系、充分借助地方资源培养人才、重视文职人员培养3个方面提出军队新型作战力量人才队伍建设的建议。

腰肌劳损的中医药治疗研究进展

腰肌劳损是一种由腰部肌肉、筋膜、韧带等软组织损伤导致的炎症性疾病,临床常表现为反复发作不同程度的腰骶部酸胀痛,可向臀部放射,活动受限,多在扭转、久坐久立及天气变化时加重,通常在短暂休息或改变体位后,疼痛得到一定程度的缓解。本病的病理机制主要与肌组织及其附着点处的过度牵拉,导致局部反应性炎症、局部组织变性有关。近年来,中西医在本病的治疗方面均取得了显著进展,乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林、塞来昔布等非甾体类抗炎药以及镇痛药效果较好,但存在不良反应,而中药内服、外敷、推拿、艾灸、康复锻炼等中医疗法效果显著,作用时间久,不容易复发,深受患者喜爱。腰肌劳损在军事训练伤中较为常见,管理者与临床医生也开展了系列研究。

非侵入性军事认知神经训练研究与展望

伴随认知神经科学进入技术应用时代,军事心理训练从传统的行为训练向基于神经成像、人工智能和虚拟现实等技术的认知神经训练发展。认知神经训练包括侵入性和非侵入性两类,既可用于军事职业相关神经精神障碍的辅助治疗,更可作为以脑为靶点的预防性训练以增强认知、调节情绪和塑造行为。本文聚焦于非侵入性认知神经训练,重点梳理以重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)和低强度聚焦超声(low-intensity focused ultrasound,LIFU)等为代表的非侵入性脑刺激(non-invasive brain stimulation,NIBS)以及由脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)、功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和功能近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)介导的神经反馈(neurofeedback,NF),展望其智能化、个性化、多模态、感官化和可穿戴发展趋势,并探讨我军开展认知神经训练研究和应用需要注意的问题。

理工类专业的专业思政探索——以军校电子信息工程专业为例

围绕电子信息工程专业高素质、专业化新型人才的培养目标,结合军校着重培养学生忠诚使命、爱国情怀、科学思维和岗位任职等能力素质的特点,该文从专业课课程整体出发,探索构建军校电子信息工程专业的专业思政体系,实现思政元素由点到面、思政路线由齐头并进到有序递进、思政模式由单打独斗到协同统一的转变。重点以电子信息工程专业的电路分析基础、信号与系统、数字信号处理三门基础专业课为例,提炼科学思维培养的典型思政案例,阐述专业思政体系构建的实施路径与方法,实现专业知识教学与思政教育的同向同行。

青鹏软膏超声波导入对膝关节军事训练伤的疗效研究

背景膝关节损伤是常见的军事训练伤,严重影响战士的战斗力,近年军事训练伤的防治变得越发重要。超声波治疗和青鹏软膏是常用的运动损伤疗法,但是两者联合应用的研究较少。目的分析青鹏软膏超声波导入治疗军事训练致膝关节损伤的临床效果。方法选取2022年5—7月在中国人民解放军西部战区总医院第五派驻门诊部治疗的膝关节损伤患者56例,利用IBM-SPSS 25.0统计软件产生随机数字后进行随机分组,分为对照组(研究过程中脱落4例,n=24)与治疗组(n=28)。对照组给予普通耦合剂超声波治疗,治疗组给予青鹏软膏超声波导入治疗,1次/d,1个疗程10次,共2个疗程。比较两组治疗前后Lysholm膝关节评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分、膝关节活动度。结果治疗前,两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分、VAS评分、HAMD-17评分、膝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗2个疗程,治疗组患者膝关节被动关节活动度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2个疗程后,两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分高于治疗前,VAS评分低于治疗前(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗组治疗2个疗程膝关节主动关节活动度、被动关节活动度增加(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗组患者治疗2个疗程HAMD-17评分降低(P<0.05)。结论青鹏软膏超声导入治疗与普通耦合剂超声波两种治疗方法均可显著增加Lysholm膝关节评分,改善膝关节功能;降低膝关节损伤患者VAS评分,缓解疼痛。青鹏软膏作为超声波治疗的特殊耦合剂,相比普通耦合剂,具有一定的优势。

基于HFACS模型的军事演训活动风险评估指标体系构建

基于人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)分析军事演训活动的全面风险,考虑联合军事演训和新域新质作战力量的特点,并突出演训活动的战斗力标准。在改进HFACS模型分析框架的基础上,逐层次细化拆解,建立初步的风险评估指标库,并结合专家知识运用风险矩阵对指标库进行优化。构建人为因素视角下涵盖战斗力的风险、组织管理的风险、不安全行为的前提条件的风险和不安全行为的风险等4个方面以及包含战斗精神、新型主战武器、智能装备等在内的15项极高风险指标、20项高风险指标和8项中风险指标的风险评估指标体系。

透视美国海军水面作战军官的首次任职教育

美国海军军官的培训体系由任命前教育、职业军事教育、兵种专业教育、研究生教育四种类型构成,首次任职教育属于兵种专业教育类型。美军水面作战军官首次任职教育自实施以来经历了培训模式的多次改革调整,虽然具有一定的合理先进之处,但也暴露出美国海军对院校培训重视不够、过于迷信技术手段、低估在岗学习的困难等主要问题。美军的经验教训启示我们要准确定位首次任职教育的培训属性、合理设计首次任职教育的培训模式、科学规划军官的职业成长体系。

深入实施新时代人才强军战略:现实需求、精髓要义与实践路径

以习近平强军思想为指导,运用文献分析、定性分析、规范分析等方法,对深入实施新时代人才强军战略的现实需求、精髓要义和实践路径进行理论阐释和学理分析,以更好贯彻落实习主席关于人才强军的重要指示精神,助推新时代人才强军战略落地生根。新时代人才强军战略是新时代强军兴军战略布局的重要组成,对加快形成服务强军、支撑打赢的人才优势,实现建军一百年奋斗目标、开创国防和军队现代化新局面具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。

增强现实技术及其在军事训练中的应用

增强现实技术是新兴计算机仿真技术的代表之一。上述技术既保留了现实世界的真实感,又将虚拟信息无缝地融入其中,对现实世界起到了辅助增强的作用。它的特性与军事训练基于现实、面向实战的需求十分吻合。因此,系统地梳理了增强现实关键技术及特点,在此基础上以应用射击训练、班组战术训练和装备维修训练这三种典型军事训练科目为例,分析了以上科目中依然存在的瓶颈问题,研究了如何针对性地融入增强现实技术,理论阐明了应用后对训练效果的提升作用。

军事训练致少见或罕见部位应力性骨折的回顾性分析

目的探讨军事训练中少见或罕见部位应力性骨折的发生规律。方法以“应力性骨折或疲劳性骨折”为关键词在图片存储与传输系统(PACS)上查询2018-01-01至2023-05-31确诊的军人应力性骨折,收集并分析患者的一般资料(性别、年龄及身份)、临床资料(现病史、体格检查及临床表现)及影像学资料(X线、CT及MRI图像)。所有病例图像均由两名高年资影像医师独立阅片,如有不一致结果相互协商后取得一致意见。纳入标准:(1)现役军人;(2)除外胫骨、跖骨、腓骨及股骨四个常见部位;(3)军事训练中发病,无明确外伤;(4)以少见或罕见部位疼痛为第一临床症状就诊,病程1 d至1年;(5)X线/CT可见骨折征象,或MRI可见骨膜或骨髓水肿伴或不伴骨折线。结果共收集军人应力性骨折682例,其中少见/罕见部位应力性骨折49例,占比7.2%。49例中,新兵35例,占比(71.4%)最高。男47例(95.9%),女2例(4.1%)。年龄18~44岁,中位年龄21岁,平均(22.41±4.78)岁。病程≤1个月16例(32.6%),>1个月且≤3个月26例(53.1%),>3个月7例(14.3%)。49例,按发病部位整理如下:下肢20例,骨盆11例,腰椎4例,上肢6例,其他8例。24例经X线/CT确诊,16例经MRI确诊,9例经CT+MRI确诊。11例合并常见部位应力性骨折。7例两侧对称性发病。8例累及≥2个少见/罕见部位。结论军事训练中少见/罕见部位应力性骨折常有特定的训练模式、特定的发病部位和较典型的影像学特征,值得进一步研究学习。

高温高湿环境下军事训练致新兵横纹肌溶解及相关脏器损伤的研究

目的通过比较不同训练环境对新兵实验室检测指标及心电图的影响,探讨新兵在高温高湿环境下出现横纹肌溶解和相关脏器损伤的可能性。方法选择两地新兵500名,均为男性,年龄(21.36±2.59)岁,按新兵所在环境分为常规环境组(北京某部,n=250)和高温高湿环境组(海南某部,n=250)。进行相同科目训练后4周,采集新兵的一般情况、训练前后血液及尿液学指标、心电图检查相关指标,并进行统计学分析。结果高温高湿环境组炎症反应、心肌损伤、肌肉损伤、肝损伤、肾损伤的发生率分别为45.76%、3.39%、12.71%、25.42%、12.71%,较常规环境组显著增加(P<0.05)。高温高湿环境组新兵窦性心动过缓、房性早搏、非特异ST-T变化、左室高电压、短PR间期的发生率分别为6.78%、5.93%、8.47%、6.78%、2.54%,显著高于常规环境组(P<0.05)。结论高温高湿环境下新兵军事训练后更易出现炎性反应、心肌损伤、肌肉损伤、肝损伤、肾损伤以及心电异常。