Thermal Sense Prediction Model for Definite Human Group in Indoor Case

In order to build a prediction model of the indoor thermal comfort for a given human group, the original predicted mean vote （PMV） equation is reconstructed and simplified, the modified PMV equation is named PMVR （PMV for region） , where five variables are needed to be fitted with the dataset of actual thermal sense of a definite human group. As the fitting algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the solution, and a fixed PMVR can be finally determined. Experiment results indicate that for a definite human group, PMVR is more accurate on the prediction of thermal sense compared with some other models.

Thermal radiation effect on flow and heat transfer of unsteady MHD micropolar fluid over vertical heated nonisothermal stretching surface using group analysis

The aim of this paper is to study the thermal radiation effects on the flow and heat transfer of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） micropolar fluid over a vertical heated nonisothermal stretching surface in the presence of a strong nonuniform magnetic field. The symmetries of the governing partial differential equations are de- termined by the two-parameter group method. One of the resulting systems of reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by the Chebyshev spec- tral method. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, the angular velocity, and the temperature profiles as well as the skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress co- efficient, and the Nusselt number are studied.

Synthesis of organosoluble polyamides with bulky triaryl imidazole pendent group

New unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing triaryl imidazole pendent group, 4-[4-（4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-y1）phe- noxy]-1,3-benzenediamine, was synthesized via aromatic substitution reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with 4-（4,5- diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-y1）pbenol, followed by palladium-catalyzed hydrazine reduction. This new monomer was further confirmed by FT-IR, IH NMR and ^13C NMR. Novel polyamides having pendant triaryl imidazole group were prepared by the phosphorylation polycondensation of four commercially aromatic dicarboxylic acids with the prepared diamine. Inherent viscosities of polyamides were in the range 0.42-0.53 dL/g indicating formation of medium molecular weight polymers. Polyamides exhibited glass-transition temperature （Tg） in the range 236-265 ℃. These polymers are essentially amorphous and were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as DMF, NMP, DMAc. The 10% weight loss temperatures in air atmosphere, measured by TGA were in the range 350-373 ℃ indicating their good thermal stabilities. ？2009 Mousa Ghaemy. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Density functional theory study of structural,electronic,and thermal properties of Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Os and PtPdX(X=Ir,Os,and Rh)alloys

The structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os metals and their alloys PtPdX （X = Ir, Os and Rh） are studied systematically using ab initio density functional theory. The groundstate properties such as lattice constant and bulk modulus are calculated to find the equilibrium atomic position for stable alloys. The electronic band structure and density of states are calculated to study the electronic behavior of metals on making their alloys. The electronic properties substantiate the metallic behavior for all studied materials. The firstprinciples density functional perturbation theory as implemented in quasi-harmonic approximation is used for the calculations of thermal properties. We have calculated the thermal properties such as the Debye temperature, vibrational energy, entropy and constant-volume specific heat. The calculated properties are compared with the previously reported experimental and theoretical data for metals and are found to be in good agreement. Calculated results for alloys could not be compared because there is no data available in the literature with such alloy composition.

Autunite-Group Minerals and Their Paragenesis from the Sheared Granite of Gabal El Sela, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

G. El Sela is located in the Southern Eastern Desert of Egypt cropping as two parts, occupied by monzogranites that were categorized as biotite granite, muscovite granite and two mica granites. The northern part is more significant according its high concentrations of uranium that controlled by complicated structure regime;faulting, infrastructures and shearing are the most common structural criteria of this part. The Egyptian Nuclear Materials Authority (NMA) mined this part to produce the uranium ore. The previous mineralogical studies indicated that this granite was dominated by primary uranium minerals (pitchblende and coffinite) and secondary minerals belong to the autunite group (autunite, metautunite, phurcalite) in addition to uranophane. In the present work, petrographic and mineralogical studies are applied for the granites using the polarized and stereo microscopes and followed by electron microscope and XRD. The result of the microscopic examinations revealed the tectonic regime controlling the radioactivity and recognized the sodic autunite (meta-natroautunite) beside the pre-mentioned autunite group minerals completing the paragenetic sequrnce of these minerals. In this study, it is concluded that the sheared biotite granite is monzogranite originated during the episode of the continental plate collision (syncollision). The study finished to presence of two main types of the alteration corresponding to the two high levels of radioactivity (moderate and anomalous). The first is the thermal alteration (saussiritization, sericitization, kaolinization, silicification and hematization) and the second is the chemical transformation (oxidation, dehydration, ion substitutions and confusion) responsible for formation of the secondary uranium minerals. The temperature needed for the thermal alteration is sourced by the hydrothermal solutions, while the temperature needed for the uranium minerals transformation may be generated during the episode of the continental plate collision (syncollision). Paragenesis of these minerals indicates that they represent a series of uranyl phosphate minerals (autunite group) with paragenetic sequence starting by autunite (calcic uranyl phosphate) and ends by meta-natroautunite (sodic uranyl phosphate). An advanced process of dehydration accompanies the process of mineral transformation from autunite to meta-natroautunite leading to formation of the anhydrous uranyl mineral (phurcalite) formed by oxidation and dehydration of autunite. Meta-autunite is recorded as a transitional mineral composed of sodic-calcic uranyl phosphate. Uranophane is created by thermal confusion of autunite with the silica.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyepichlorohydrin-based Copolymers with Biphenyl Groups Attached Thioether Unit

Three novel copolymers,poly[1-（4-（benzothiazole-2-thio-alkyloxy）-biphenyl-4＇-oxy）2.3-epoxypropane]s,were synthesized by the reaction of polyepichlorohydrin with obtained monomers,4-（benzothiazole-2-thio-alkyloxy）biphenyl-4＇-ols,in which the number of methylene unit in substitution group of biphenyl group was 2,4,6,respectively.The structures of obtained compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and 1H NMR.The decomposition temperatures of copolymers were near 340 ℃.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） measurement and polarized optical microscopy（POM） observation showed the resulting copolymers did not exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline mesomophism and belonged to semi-crystalline substance.

Organosoluble and Thermally Stable of Benzazole-Containing Poly(Imide-Urea)s: One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization

The preparation of new types of poly(imide-urea)s (PIUs) with high thermal stability and improved solubility was investigated. Three series of aromatic poly(imide-urea)s (PIUOa-c, PIUSa-c, and PIUNa-c) bearing pendent benzoxazole, benzothiazole or benzimidazole rings were prepared by one-pot polycondensation reaction of three bis(imide-carboxylic acid)s, 2-[3,5-bis(N-trimellitimidoyl)-phenyl]benzoxazole (1O), 2-[3,5-bis(N- trimellitimidoyl)-phenyl]benzothiazole (1S), or 2-[3,5-bis(N-trimellitimidoyl)-phenyl]benzimidazole (1N) with various kinds of aromatic diamines (a-c). The effects of the benzazole pendent groups on the polymer properties such as solubility and thermal stability were investigated by comparison of the polymers. All of the resulting polymers exhibited excellent solubility in common polar solvents. The glass transition temperature of the polymers determined by DSC thermograms were in the range 192℃ - 236℃. The temperatures at 10% weight loss from their TGA curves were found to be in the range 390℃ - 441℃ in nitrogen.

TECTONIC-THERMAL EVOLUTION AND GOLD MINERALIZATION INNORTH-EASTERN HUNAN, CHINA

All gold deposits in North-Eastern Hunan are of vein type, and hosted by the low grade metamorphic rocks of Lengjiaxi Group of the Middle Proterozoic Era. Their geochemical characteristics show that the ore-forming materials came from their host rocks. Oreforming fluids are rich in CO2 and SO2-4,with high Na+/K+ ratio, low Cl - and varied δ18O and δD values, showing that they are from multisources. These gold deposits were formed by a series of tectonic-thermal events which reworked the Lengjiaxi Group. There are two main stages of tectonic-thermal events: the Wulingian Period forming the auriferous quartz veins by syntectonic metamorphic differentiation, and the Indosinian-Yanshanian peroid causing re formation and enrichment of the former auriferous quartz veins.

Lie group analysis for the effect of temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer under variable stream conditions

This paper examines a steady two-dimensional flow of incompressible fluid over a vertical stretching sheet. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. A scaling group of transformations is applied to the governing equa- tions. The system remains invariant due to some relations among the transformation parameters. After finding three absolute invariants, a third-order ordinary differential equation corresponding to the momentum equation and two second-order ordinary differential equations corresponding to energy and diffusion equations are derived. The equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically. It is found that the decrease in the temperature-dependent fluid viscosity makes the velocity decrease with the increasing distance of the stretching sheet. At a particular point of the sheet, the fluid velocity decreases but the temperature increases with the decreasing viscosity. The impact of the thermophoresis particle deposition plays an important role in the concentration boundary layer. The obtained results are presented graphically and discussed.

化工有机废水的净化及水质成分分析实验综述报告

采用低温等离子体(NTP)和Fenton氧化分别对DMP废水进行降解。通过实验研究了最佳处理条件,将两种工艺进行组合,研究组合工艺以及组合工艺中每一种方法的先后顺序对处理结果的影响。学生通过小组协作,设计参数梯度,研究因素对废水处理结果的影响,达到了综合训练的目的。可为开设综合设计性的专业实验提供参考。

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Sodium Barbitone-Group-VIII Metals (viz. Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II)) Complexes

This work aims to characterize, synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of sodium barbitone and their metal chelates Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II). The new synthesized metal chelates are investigated by elemental analysis, IR, mass spectra, thermal analysis and biological activity. Square planer structure of the prepared complexes obtained from the result of analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal of sodium barbitone ligand and its conforming metal chelates were screened against bacterial species Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and fungi Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans fungi. Ampicillin and amphotericin were used as references for antibacterial and antifungal studies. The activity data show that the platinum group metals chelates have activity data show that some of the platinum group metals (viz. Pt(II) and Pd(II)) chelates have a promising biological activity comparing to sodium barbitone parent free ligand against bacterial and fungal species.

新型含氟聚酰胺酰亚胺的合成与性能

由于芳香族聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)的溶解性较低,限制了其在溶液加工方法中的应用。为了提高PAI的溶液加工性、降低溶剂使用成本并提高热性能,研究了三苯环结构和氟取代对PAI的性能影响,以苯甲醛和对三氟甲基苯甲醛与2,6-二甲基苯胺为原料,合成了新的二胺化合物4-[(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基甲基]-2,6-二甲基苯胺(ADPD)、4-[(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基苯基)[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基]-2,6-二甲基苯胺(ADFPD),再与偏苯三酸酐酰氯合成了含新结构的PAI。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等对单体和聚合物进行表征,通过分析证明成功合成新型PAI;采用差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、水接触角、溶解性能测试对PAI性能进行了表征。结果表明,制备的聚合物均具有良好的热稳定性能和溶解性,玻璃化转变温度大于300℃,在氮气的环境下5%热失重温度在430℃及以上,最大热失重温度在600℃以上;在类似化学结构上,对比未引入—CF_(3)的PAI-1和引入—CF_(3)的PAI-2的测试结果,发现PAI-2在溶解性和热性能上均优于PAI-1,并且能够明显降低聚合物的表面能,表明—CF_(3)能够有效提高PAI的部分性能。

取代基对氰基官能化苯并噁嗪树脂固化反应及热稳定性的影响

基于含不同取代基的酚与间氨基苯甲腈合成了3种含氰基苯并噁嗪单体(PH-bn、mPHbn、aPH-bn),并固化得到苯并噁嗪树脂(poly(PH-bn)、poly(mPH-bn)、poly(aPH-bn))。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(^(1)H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对苯并噁嗪单体的结构与组成进行了表征,通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)比较了取代基对固化行为的影响,并进一步探讨了固化反应机理。此外,采用热重分析(TGA)和热重分析-红外联用(TGA-FTIR)研究了3种固化物的热稳定性和热解机理。结果表明:噁嗪环与部分氰基在固化过程中同时发生交联反应。给电性甲基的存在使得体系的固化反应峰值温度增加、热稳定性降低;而吸电性醛基使得体系的固化反应峰值温度降低,同时醛基的交联反应使体系的热稳定性显著增加。poly(aPH-bn)的5%失重温度为380℃,800℃时N_(2)气氛下残炭率高达67.3%。

复杂环境地埋电缆群暂态温升热路模型适应性仿真验证研究

简易可行、快速准确地评估电缆实时温升,是释放潜在输送能力,提高运行效率的基础。目前,评估电缆线芯温升的方法主要有测量方法与计算方法,借鉴热电比拟的方法,提出了引入平衡热阻与平衡热感的电缆群暂态温升热路模型。然而实际运行中,电缆的运行环境更为复杂,电缆回数多少、负荷波动程度等因素也可能影响模型的准确性。为充分验证热路模型的适应性,文中通过构建一个复杂环境、工况条件下的电缆群暂态温升有限元算例,并与热路模型结果进行比较。验证结果表明,针对不同影响因素,原有热路模型可进行灵活调整扩展,参数求解方法不变,模型的便捷性与准确性不受影响;电缆回数数量、介质均匀性、负荷波动程度、日照与环温变化幅度均不明显降低模型的准确性。研究成果不仅验证了模型的适应性,而且可为类似模型的检验方法提供重要参考。

新型冷却结构在电池热管理中的分析与优化

针对传统液冷电池包内电池组散热不充分及表面温度一致性较差的问题,设计了一种基于风冷和液冷耦合冷却策略的新型电池包结构,利用Catia软件建立三维模型并运用Fluent软件进行仿真,研究结果表明,相较于单一液冷结构在2 C和2.5 C放电倍率下存在电池组过热问题,风冷液冷耦合的冷却结构在不同放电倍率下将最高温度和最大温差分别控制在45℃和5℃以内。探究了不同流体进口速度对电池组散热的影响,并选取风速5 m/s,冷却液流速0.5 m/s的最佳配合,在此基础上对流道进行针对性的优化,优化后电池组在同一工况下最高温度从27.95℃下降至26.82℃。这种新型结构将为后续的电池的热管理设计提供新思路。

竖进平出型地埋管群换热器结构与控制优化

【目的】为提高浅层地热能利用效率,亟须对影响地源热泵系统性能的地埋管换热器结构和控制开展优化设计。【方法】建立了一种竖进平出型地埋管群换热器模型,研究其换热系统性能,探究其最佳结构及运行方式。【结果】管群布置横纵比越低,单位面积换热量越大,横纵比超过0.15后对系统影响较小;换热器间距越小,土壤利用率越高,但热短路损失越大;双列双出型埋管每延米换热量相较于双列单出型结构提升7%以上;负荷较大工况下叉排布置结构的换热效果更好;整个夏季优化结构的平均出口温度下降2.28℃,换热器周围土壤温度下降1℃以上;实际运行过程中应优先考虑采用流速随负荷变化控制模式。【结论】研究结果可为地源热泵换热器的设计、制造提供理论依据。

B型液压硫化机技术介绍

简要介绍了B型液压硫化机研制背景、工艺参数、技术参数、主要结构、检测标准等,其优点是硫化子午线轮胎提高产品质量,降低能源消耗,实现自动化、机械化,产品的性价比最优等。

鞣花酸对下石节长焰煤氧化自燃的阻化影响研究

为考察鞣花酸(EA)对煤氧化自燃过程的影响,首先将EA与陕西铜川下石节煤矿的长焰煤以2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的质量比均匀混合进行试验;然后采用显微红外光谱试验和激光导热试验研究各个样品的活性官能团含量情况和热输运特性,通过评价煤氧化自燃抑制效果,确定最优质量比为8%;最后利用煤自燃程序升温试验对比4种阻化剂对煤氧化自燃气体释放的影响情况,进一步确定EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化程度。结果表明:EA处理煤(EA-tc)中-CH_(3)、-CH_(2)、-OH和-C=O-的峰面积相较于原煤(RC)均减少,但C-O的峰面积增加;在相同煤温下,RC的热扩散系数和导热系数高于EA-tc,其比热容低于EA-tc,且8%EA对RC低温氧化过程的热扩散系数、比热容和导热系数的平均抑制率分别为20.8%、9.8%和13.1%;相比于RC,8%EA-tc的CO释放量在170℃时降低52.3%,且EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化率在30~170℃内保持在50.5%~72.5%,说明EA对煤氧化自燃的阻化效果比其他3种阻化剂更好。

非对称循环温度荷载下2×2能源群桩倾斜性状离心机试验研究

在能源桩地源热泵系统运行过程中,能源群桩基础可能产生非对称温度分布,导致基础倾斜,对其正常使用构成不利影响因素。研究通过离心机试验,量化了砂土中2×2能源群桩在非对称循环温度荷载下的倾斜变形,试验在恒定竖向荷载下施加15个幅值为10℃的双向循环温度荷载,共开展10个试验,研究了群桩基础中能源桩非对称布置形式、竖向荷载大小以及筏板-土体相互作用对基础倾斜的影响。结果表明:非对称循环温度荷载导致基础倾斜不断累积并逐渐趋于稳定,在正常竖向荷载作用下(安全系数2.0),基础累积倾斜约1.8‰,小于规范限值2.5‰,群桩发生轴力重分布,最大轴力增加约40%初始值;随着竖向荷载的增加,基础累积倾斜有可能超过2.5‰。非对称循环温度荷载所导致群桩基础倾斜在设计中应予以考虑。

二次氧化煤自燃热特性与活性基团迁变规律研究

以葫芦素煤矿(Hls)长焰煤为研究对象,采用TG和FTIR测试了煤二次氧化过程中热特性参数变化,根据特征温度点T0~T5描述二次氧化煤样自燃过程,计算得到煤样放热量与综合燃烧系数S,分析了不同温度预氧化煤样表面活性基团的变化。研究表明:随着预氧化温度的升高,煤样的T1呈降低趋势,T2呈增加趋势,T3呈降低趋势,而T4、T5变化趋势不明显。经过预氧化的煤样,在脱水吸附阶段温度范围缩小,但吸氧增重能力提高,率先达到燃烧温度。随着预氧化温度的升高,煤样放热量与综合燃烧系数S呈缓增后降趋势。预氧化对煤样氢键含量、芳香族CH与脂肪族CH含量起到积极影响,煤体表面产生大量活性羟基、甲基、亚甲基,含氧官能团含量随着温度的增大呈现先增后减再增趋势。