Study of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Concentrations Factor of SWCC Al-Khobar Plant Seawater Intakes

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of water quality assessment and sustainable water management practices. By evaluating the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in seawater intakes within Al-Khobar desalination production system, the study addresses a crucial aspect of water treatment and environmental impact assessment. The findings provide valuable insights into the variations and trends of TDS levels across different phases of the system, highlighting the importance of monitoring and management strategies. The study provided both gravimetric total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements to analyze TDS calculation factor and evaluate measurement accuracy. Results revealed significant variations in TDS levels across the sampling locations, with phase-2 exhibiting higher levels and greater fluctuations. Phase-3 displayed similar trends but with lower TDS levels, while phase-4 showed slightly different behavior with higher average TDS levels. EC measurements demonstrated a strong correlation with TDS, providing a reliable estimation. However, additional methods such as gravimetric analysis should be employed to confirm TDS measurements. The findings contribute to understanding water quality in the Al-Khobar desalination system, aiding in monitoring, management, and decision-making processes for water treatment and environmental impact assessment. The study enhances the credibility of water quality assessments and supports sustainable water management practices.

Impacts of Climate Change on Seawater Temperature and Total Dissolved Solids: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions for Reverse Osmosis Desalination in the Arabian Gulf Region

This article examines the influence of seawater temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination in the Arabian Gulf region, with a focus on the impact of climate change. The study highlights the changes in seawater temperature and TDS levels over the years and discusses their effects on the efficiency and productivity of RO desalination plants. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring TDS levels and controlling seawater temperature to optimize water production. The article also suggests various solutions, including intensive pre-treatment, development of high-performance membranes, exploration of alternative water sources, and regulation of discharges into the Gulf, to ensure sustainable water supply in the face of rising TDS levels and seawater temperature. Further research and comprehensive monitoring are recommended to understand the implications of these findings and develop effective strategies for the management of marine resources in the Arabian Gulf.

Biological Treatability of Low Total Dissolved Solids (LTDS) Using SBR as a Pre-Treatment for Reverse Osmosis

Huge quantity of effluents is generated from pharmaceutical industries attributed to their wide array of manufacturing and maintenance processes. Wastewaters from pharmaceuticals are characterized by the presence of solids, pH, temperature, biodegradable organic compounds, unusual turbidity, hardness and conductivity. Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry arising from various units is categorised as low total dissolved solids (LTDS) and high total dissolved solids (HTDS) based on the concentration of total dissolved solids. The present study focuses on treatment of LTDS using a combination of biological treatment followed by membrane process, reverse osmosis. This research presents the results from the pilot-scale studies focussed on biological treatment using SBR as pre-treatment for RO towards the removal of LTDS effluent. Three-month data on a daily basis is presented. The efficiency of the process was tested with a reduction in parameters like total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand. SBR tested for its suitability as a preliminary treatment for the Reverse Osmosis process during the months of August-October. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 9.72% and ?4.67% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.28% and 80.66% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 0.84% and ?7.92% in the month of September. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 87.07% and 83.28% in the same month. The performance of RO tested for its efficiency in removing the TDS and COD after SBR as pre-treatment. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded as 94.93% and 93.27% in the month of August. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 96.84% and 90.19% in the same month. The highest and lowest TDS reduction was recorded at 96.53% and 91.25% in the month of October. The highest and least COD reduction was recorded as 94.31% and 72.57% in the same month. SBR has proved to be a promising solution for pre-treatment removing all substances that might result in membrane fouling. Hence, the present study concludes that a combination of SBR and RO will be a promising solution for effective removal of TDS and COD from pharmaceutical wastewaters.

The migration of total dissolved solids during natural freezing process in Ulansuhai Lake

High total dissolved solids （TDS） content is one of the most important pollution contributors in lakes in arid and semiarid areas. Ulansuhai Lake, located in Urad Qianqi, Inner Mongolia, China, was selected as the object of study. Temperatures and TDS contents of both ice and under-ice water were collected together with corresponding ice thickness. TDS profiles were drawn to show the distribution of TDS and to describe TDS migration. The results showed that about 80% （that is 3.602x108 kg） of TDS migrated from ice to water during the whole growth period of ice. Within ice layer, TDS migration only occurred during initial ice-on period, and then perished. The TDS in ice decreased with increasing ice thickness, following a negative exponential-like trend. Within un- der-ice water, the TDS migrated from ice-water interface to the entire water column under the effect of concentra- tion gradient until the water TDS content was uniform. In winter, 6.044x 107 kg （16.78% of total TDS） TDS migrated from water to sedirnent, which indicated that winter is the best time for dredging sediment. The migration effect gives rise to TDS concentration in under-ice water and sediment that is likely to affect ecosystem and water quality of the Yellow River. The trend of transfer flux of ice-water and water-sediment interfaces is similar to that of ice growth rate, which reveals that ice growth rate is one of the determinants of TDS migration. The process and mechanism of TDS migration can be referenced by research on other lakes with similar TDS content in cold and arid areas.

Changes in Total Dissolved Solids Concentration during Infiltration through Soils (Rain, Fresh Groundwater and Treated Wastewater)

Water quality deterioration took place during infiltration process. Quality of the source water, climate conditions and amounts of added water are the major role players of the differentiation measures. Treated wastewater, rainwater and fresh groundwater were described within this study. It was found that the rainwater has an aggressive behavior with a high ability to dissolve soil salts. The amounts of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) increase with infiltration process. Electrical conductivity (EC) increased by 600%. Plotting the fresh groundwater to the same conditions and experiment reflects the ability of this water to dissolve soil salts and increases the TDS by increasing the EC by a percentage of around 200%;while applying lower quality of water, the percentage of the EC of the treated wastewater increases to about 230% for the depth of 20 cm, which indicates the accumulation of the salts within this part of the soil, which leads to the deterioration of the soil quality, and decreases to about 160% for a depth of 60 cm. This differentiation could be a result of low permeability soils which tend to accumulate salts as a result of evaporation and then increase the salinity in the topsoil. Dissolution and plant uptake in the infiltrated take of minerals save the soil’s water from evaporation and do not allow salts to concentrate in soils. Moreover, plant uptake of soil water chemicals causes a decrease in some salt concentrations such as NO3, PO4, K, Na, and Cl and may conserve others.

Influence of Groundwater Hypothetical Salts on Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids

A relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) was tested for solutions of same salinity levels with respect to different artificial salts with their combinations. Results showed remarkable jumping at the order of the artificial salt sequence specially that of the magnesium type. A computer model is designed with an input of EC and TDS. The output will be the possible prevailing artificial salts. The accuracy of the model was tested by using the groundwater data of Safwan-Zubair area south of Iraq and it proved to be significant at 95% matching. The 5% unmatched results are due to the possibility of having more than one type of prevailing salt.

秦岭北麓地下水水文地球化学演化规律及模式

秦岭北麓是黄河重要的水源涵养区,分析其水文地球化学特征及演化模式对于加强秦岭地下水资源的开发与保护、推进关中平原乃至黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展具有重要意义。利用2019—2021年在渭河流域开展水文地质调查所获取的资料,运用数理统计、水文地球化学反向模拟等方法,分析了秦岭至渭河河谷地下水的水文地球化学演化规律及模式。结果表明:由基岩区至细土平原区,地下水水化学类型由HCO3-Ca型向HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na型转变,溶解性固体总量(TDS)浓度由254 mg/L增至889 mg/L,分带性不强;随着地下水流动,水-岩作用主要由碳酸盐岩风化溶滤控制向硅酸盐岩与岩盐风化溶滤控制转变,同时阳离子交换作用增强;14C测年显示研究区地下水年龄多在2 450 a以内,地下水循环更新快,蒸发浓缩作用不显著;山前洪积扇作为地下水重要的涵养区与径流通道,对于关中平原潜水和承压水水质保障有关键作用,由于洪积扇含水层防污性能差,在地下水开发利用和工农业活动中要加强地下水资源的保护。

洮儿河流域地下水TDS时空变异特征研究

分别在2 0 0 3年枯水期与丰水期对洮儿河流域平原区潜水系统进行取样分析,运用空间变异函数和克立格插值法对潜水总溶解固体(TDS)时空变异特征分析,研究结果表明:(1)潜水TDS季节变化不明显,而且呈现明显的分带性;(2 )TDS空间变程较大,主要受区域水文地质条件、地形地貌、土壤类型等大尺度因子影响;(2 )局部地区潜水TDS出现异常,已受外界盐分污染。

青浦区出厂水中总硬度和溶解性总固体分析

目的:了解青浦区出厂水中总硬度和溶解性总固体水平,为改善饮用水水质提供科学依据。方法:对2014-2022年青浦区市政水厂出厂水总硬度和溶解性总固体进行统计分析。结果:294份水样中,总硬度中位数为127 mg·L^(-1),溶解性总固体中位数为278 mg·L^(-1),合格率为100%。趋势性检验发现,两指标在2014-2022年均呈下降趋势(Rs=-0.357,P<0.01;Rs=-0.374,P<0.01)。3家水厂出厂水的总硬度均在枯水期、平水期和丰水期依次下降(P<0.05)。比较不同水源,以淀山湖水系为水源的出厂水中溶解性总固体高于以青草沙水库为水源的出厂水(P<0.05)。结论:青浦区出厂水口感好,但总硬度略低,建议居民增加钙镁的摄入。

山东省巨野县浅层地下水咸化特征及成因

为了深入了解浅层地下水的水化学特征及形成原因,在山东省巨野县采集20组浅层地下水样品,采用数理统计、Durov图、主成分分析、离子比值以及矿物饱和指数等方法,对地下水样检测结果进行统计分析,研究该地区地下水咸化特征及产生机制。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水总体呈弱碱性,溶解性总固体的质量浓度为1680~14000 mg/L,地下水化学类型主要分为SO_(4)·Cl-Na·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)·Cl-Na·Ca·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na·Mg以及HCO_(3)·SO_(4)·Cl-Na·Mg型;浅层地下水的咸化程度主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响,水中离子主要来自硅酸盐、岩盐矿物的溶解,钾盐、石膏、岩盐、硬石膏是溶解性总固体的主要来源,造成研究区地下水咸化的最主要矿物是钾盐、岩盐。

移动床生物膜反应器内典型水质因素对氧转移能力的影响

在污水处理节能降耗与“双碳”战略背景下,为进一步实现污水处理环节的提质增效与节能降碳,从提高氧转移能力的角度出发,在移动床生物膜反应器内,开展了水质因素对氧转移能力的影响研究,并从气泡Sauter平均直径、气泡平均上升速度和气含率等方面,定量分析了氧转移能力影响机制。结果表明:当十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度由0增大至10 mg/L时,不同载体填充率条件下的氧转移能力均降低;但当SDS浓度由12增大为20 mg/L时,氧转移能力逐渐提高;生物膜载体的存在削弱了SDS对氧转移能力的影响。当总溶解性固体(TDS)值由2000增大至12000 mg/L时,提高了氧转移能力;当TDS值大于12000 mg/L后,氧转移能力趋于不变。随着pH值增大,提高了氧转移能力。在实际污水处理过程中,根据不同水质条件下的氧转移能力变化,通过调节曝气强度等方式,可降低污水处理环节的能耗与成本。

质量法测定植物营养液中电导率可行性

通过与测定电导率的传统电极法对比,探讨运用质量法测定植物营养液电导率的可行性。结果表明:采用质量法测定植物营养液中的电导率,测定值与采用高精度电导率/总溶解性固体水质测试笔测定结果极为接近,分别为19.85,19.30 mS·cm^(-1);溶液中的颗粒物仅贡献2.4%的电导率,悬浮物和胶体对电导率贡献更低(0.5%),络合态的有机物对电导率贡献也有限;解络后,植物营养液的电导率由19.30 mS·cm^(-1)急剧增至66.68 mS·cm^(-1)。

水化学特征对砂加载混凝沉淀处理高悬浮矿井水效果的影响

砂加载技术被广泛应用于混凝沉淀高效处理高悬浮物矿井水。但对于原水水化学特征对石英砂加载混凝沉淀效果的影响则很少有系统的研究,影响机制也不清晰。为此,选用石英砂加载混凝处理高悬浮矿井水为研究对象,分析矿井水pH、Ca^(2+)、溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids,TDS)和乳化油含量对石英砂加载混凝处理高悬浮物矿井水效率的影响。分析结果表明:矿井水过低和过高的pH均不利于加载混凝沉淀处理的效率,pH为9.00时,混凝沉淀速率和效率最高。Ca^(2+)含量的增多和乳化油含量的降低能促进加载混凝沉淀效率的提升。而TDS含量的高低和水化学类型的差异并不是影响加载混凝沉淀处理高悬浮物矿井水的效率和沉降速率的主要因素。为进一步认知砂加载混凝处理工艺,提升其处理效率,实现中国煤矿矿井水资源保护和合理化利用具有重要的意义。

Dynamics of Potable Well Water Quality in Key Mining Chiefdoms in Kono District, Eastern Sierra Leone

Groundwater is increasingly being used due to its universal availability and generally good quality. However, the risk of contamination of groundwater due to various human activities such as mining is equally increasing across the globe. In this study, the physical parameters of potable well waters in the key mining areas in Nimikoro and Tankoro Chiefdoms in Kono District were analyzed for compliance with drinking water quality standard. To do this, both unpurged and purged well water samples were collected once every month for a period of one year. Some of the well water properties like temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were measured on site and others determined in the laboratory. The data collected from the laboratory analyses were statistically analyzed in MS Excel, SPSS and ArcGIS environments for quality trends in time-space fabric. The results showed that well water quality in the study area generally fell short of drinking water quality standards of Sierra Leone and WHO. There were high temperature and turbidity during the dry season and then high TDS and EC during the rainy season. Temperature and turbidity also significantly influenced well water quality in the study area, much more than TDS and EC. The implications for drinking water of lower quality than the standard could be huge for the local population and therefore needs the attention of stakeholders in the study area and decision makers in the country.

Variability in Quantity and Salinity of Produced Water from an Oil Production in South Kuwait

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry. Water remains trapped for millions of years in the reservoir with oil and gas. When a hydrocarbon reservoir is infiltrated by a production well, the produced fluids commonly contain water. The understanding of this water’s constituents and volumes is vital for the sustainable continuity of production operations, as PW has a number of negative impacts on the infrastructure integrity of the operation. On the other hand, PW can be an alternative source of irrigation water as well as of industrial salt. Interestingly, both the quantity as well as the quality of PW do not remain constant but can vary, both progressively and erratically, even over short periods of time. This paper discusses such a situation of variable PW in an oil and gas operation in the State of Kuwait.

垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液蒸发盐析研究

垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液目前一般采用“蒸发+干燥”的全量化处理,而蒸发阶段反渗透浓缩液的盐析现象会降低其得率,容易造成后续管道堵塞。因此,就反渗透浓液盐析时温度临界点展开研究,采用恒温磁力搅拌器对反渗透浓缩液进行加热,重点研究蒸发阶段及降温阶段(模拟反渗透超浓液外排阶段)反渗透浓缩液的盐析现象,并记录其对应的温度及电导率、溶解性总固体。

水质检测中溶解性总固体和总硬度的关系

对分析水质检测中溶解性总固体与总硬度之间关系的重要意义加以介绍,之后开展分析试验,对水质溶解性总固体和总硬度之间的关系进行分析。在此基础上,围绕不同水样品类型溶解性总固体与总硬度之间关系结果;水质检测样品总体分级评价;不同水期、不同来源水中溶解性总固体和总硬度之间的关系等结果展开详细分析,希望为水质检测人员提供一定的参考。

等静压石墨生产过程中洗烟废水处理技术分析

石墨烯生产过程中,碱洗塔会产生大量高浓度洗烟废水,其中COD>1000mg/L,TDS约14000mg/L,经过"混凝-气浮"+碟管式反渗透(DTRO)+机械式蒸汽再压缩(MVR)工艺进行处理后,一部分水可回用至生产车间,剩下的废水COD<500mg/L,TDS<1500mg/L,达到当地产业园区接管指标要求,直接排入园区污水管网。

总溶解固体(TDS)对白泥脱硫浆液氧化影响实验

为改善白泥湿法烟气脱硫工!艺,研究白泥中总溶解固体(TDS)对白泥脱硫浆液氧化的影响,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对浆液进行成分测定,研究浆液主要成分对浆液中亚硫酸钙氧化的影响,阐述了TDS对浆液氧化的影响机理,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对实验产物和现场石膏样品进行分析.结果表明,高TDS对白泥脱硫浆液中亚硫酸钙氧化有明显的抑制作用,SEM结果表明,产物中生成簇状晶体,造成脱水困难.白泥脱硫石膏浆液中的可溶性盐,粒径在50~100μm,结晶效果较好,TDS抑制了白泥脱硫浆液的氧化,但是会提高溶液的过饱和度,使石膏晶体结晶良好.高TDS下Mn^(2+)的催化作用已不再明显.白泥脱硫副产品石膏脱水困难的原因之一是浆液中CaSO_3浓度过高,白泥应用于湿法烟气脱硫时应控制TDS,可保证白泥脱硫系统的正常运行,而不是只关注Cl^-.

Monitoring of TDS and conductivity in groundwater in the seismically active region in NW Himalayas,India

The earthquake precursors and earthquake prediction are the burning issue among the community of earth scientists and engineers. Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena since the last several decades have shown that significant geophysical and geochemical changes may occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes （Hartmann and Levy, 2005; Yang et al, 2005; Einarsson et al, 2008; Italiano et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2009）. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena there have been changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwater as well as variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases.