Analysis of the Impact of Technical Trade Barriers on the Export of Toys-Based on Analysis of Zhejiang,China

Technical barriers to trade,as a non-tariff barrier,have an increasing impact on the international market.As a major province in toy exports,Zhejiang Province’s toy export trade is therefore greatly hindered.This article aims to explore the impact of technical trade barriers on toy exports in Zhejiang Province and analyze countermeasures.Through literature review and some empirical analysis,it is found that technical trade barriers have greatly promoted the development of Zhejiang’s toy industry;however,they have also subjected it to impacts and pressures such as cost and technology.In response to the impact of technical trade barriers on toy exports,this article proposes corresponding countermeasures to avoid such barriers:firstly,establish a quality management system that complies with export product regulations to ensure that the products produced can meet international requirements and standards;secondly,reduce dependence on overseas markets;then enhance one’s own technology,and strengthen product innovation,in order to enhance the international competitiveness of the product and oneself;in addition,we should also explore diversified markets and expand the sales channels and coverage of our products.

Influences and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barrier on Export Trade of Chinese Agricultural Products

With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.

International Trade Barriers Complaints and Structural Employment： A Conceptual and Quantitative Macro-perspective

Free trade is beneficial for all nations. Pareto optimality can be reached by trade without barriers, leading to maximizing total welfare of nations involved. Yet there are clear cases of complaining at the World Trade Organization （WTO） in which home bias is plausibly the reason for complaining, rather than objective criteria of the rules of trade agreements. Next to home bias in individual cases induced home bias leading to complaining at WTO might also be a trend. Using correlation and stepwise regression analysis a dataset on 28 complaining countries is analysed. The number of complaints at the WTO is the dependent variable in exploratory modeling. Independent variables are various variables on economic structure. Structural unemployment （SUN）, agricultural import share, current account balance, international property rights （IPR）, and foreign direct investment （FDI） turned out to be significantly related to the number of complaints. This is a strong indicator that complaining at the WTO is at least partly induced by other than objective factors. One of these factors other than objective factors could be considered as an induced home bias which leads to disruptive trade. The established relationship with one of these factors indicates the existence of induced home bias as an actual trend based on the outcomes of the analysis presented.

Study on the use of trade barrier of anti-dumping in China

WTO allows its members to use anti-dumping barrier to combat unfair competition. Nowadays, anti-dumping barrier has been dominant protective trade measure in the world, while in China, this measure is still not fully used and at low level. For the purpose of protecting domestic industries and enhancing national welfare, China should use this barrier cautiously and construct its own anti-dumping system at the same time.

The influence of the blue trade barrier—— SA8000 to China

The blue trade barrier refers to the standards of the enterprise＇s social responsibility, namely SA8000. At present, many overseas importers request the export enterprise to conform to SA8000. On one hand, it can bring the opportunity to us--to be helpful in the exportation enterprise transforming the economical growth way, be helpful to strengthen the cohesive force in the enterprise. On the other hand, it can also bring challenge-increasing the cost of the export, export declines.

Analysis on the Technical Trade Barriers Faced by China's Vegetable Export and China-Japan Vegetable Trade Friction

本文对中国蔬菜出口所面临的技术型贸易壁垒形式进行分析,并就中日蔬菜贸易战及日本肯定列表制度对我国的影响与相应对策进行探讨。

On Breaking Through "the Green Trade Barrier" via the Recycling Agriculture Mode

With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO andenvironmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of "the green trade barrier", whichconstitutes a serious challenge against our produce export. It is hypothesized that the basic solution to the barrier is thereplacement of the conventional agricultural mode with the recycling agriculture mode, whereby implementations and mea-sures of the new mode are put forward,

Trade Barriers and Countermeasures for Export of China's Agricultural Products

At present,export of China's agricultural products is faced with many trade barriers,especially technological barriers.Trade barriers include(1)technological barriers(such as quarantine and inspection barrier,identity certification/authentication barrier and labeling rules barrier);(2)trade remedy barrier;(3)other non-tariff barriers(NTB).Through positioning and analysis of trade barriers of China's agricultural products,it is known that technological barriers should not be deemed unreasonable totally.Some barriers also have certain positive significance.To respond to trade barriers,it comes up with countermeasures and recommendations from the perspective of agricultural producers and government.Agricultural producers should actively improve product quality,abide by requirement of importers,and treat quarantine and inspection in a rational manner;government should supply information and issue early warning,assist domestic producers in responding to lawsuits,and take advantage of WTO platform to solve trade disputes.

Research on the Impact of Low Carbon Economy on China’s Foreign Trade

Considering the growing prominence of global environmental issues,a low-carbon economy has emerged as a crucial direction for economic development across various countries.As the world’s second-largest economy,China has also witnessed the influence of a low-carbon economy on its international trade development.This article aims to commence with an exploration of the development background,meaning,and significance of a low-carbon economy.Subsequently,it delves into an in-depth analysis of the impact that a low-carbon economy has on China’s international trade.The article concludes by proposing pertinent countermeasures and suggestions.

Empirical Analysis on the Impacts of Technical Barrier to Trade on Chinese Agro-products Export

In view of the impacts on Chinese agro-products export caused by various technical barriers to trade,the academic circles analyzed them from the costs and quantity of exported agro-products.On the basis of the status quo of Chinese agro-products,the gravity model is introduced to analyze the impacts on Chinese agro-product export caused by technical barriers to trade.The results show that as long as the quality of Chinese agro-products can achieve the standard set by developed countries,for one thing,the health of Chinese consumers can be ensured,for another thing,the export of Chinese agro-products will be more smooth,which can provide reference for our government to make decisions and solve trade dispute.

AQSIQ Publishes China Annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (2007)

On September 11, 2007, Qi Xiufen, Director of the International Department of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ), published the China Annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade.Wang Nini, Director of the Standard, Law and Regulation Center of AQSIQ, gave a detailed explanation of the contents of the report.……

Quantificational analysis and simulation of Technical Barriers to Trade with two country model

The Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） is an important problem faced to the export of China. Based on the number differences of TBT notifications between countries, we propose the concept and computational method of the technical barrier coefficient. By means of price-production and price-demand functions, a trade model with a developed country and a developing country is designed. The available trade policies such as technical barriers, tariffs and export subsidies are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation results, several trade strategies to come over technical barriers are suggested. These suggestions were provided to several export enterprises for their export strategy design.

国际贸易中的碳壁垒:发展趋势、影响及中国对策

近年来,以欧盟为代表的发达经济体以应对气候变化为由,加速实施碳壁垒政策,引发全球绿色贸易壁垒的新变化,对全球贸易格局、产业链布局及国际经贸规则产生了深远的影响。在此背景下,中国面临的重大课题是如何将碳壁垒带来的挑战转化为推动国内绿色贸易发展及参与全球气候治理的新机遇。文章首先阐释碳壁垒的内涵与特征,并在梳理和总结全球碳壁垒发展趋势的基础上,进一步分析碳壁垒对全球气候治理、国际贸易、全球产业链和中国对外贸易的潜在影响,最后提出我国应对碳壁垒的国际和国内策略,旨在为中国在全球气候治理中的角色定位和绿色贸易的可持续发展提供策略支持。

数字服务贸易壁垒对贸易强国建设的影响——基于43个国家的面板数据

我国已进入新发展阶段,构建新发展格局是把握发展主动权的战略性布局,实现高质量发展是我国经济发展的鲜明主题,贸易强国建设是我国当前国际贸易发展中的重要决策,需要深入研究并解决各种贸易壁垒,包括数字服务贸易壁垒。研究数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系对于推动我国外贸高质量发展、从贸易大国走向贸易强国至关重要。对43个国家2014—2021年的面板数据进行分析,实证检验数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系。研究显示,数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设,国家创新这一中介变量在数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设的过程中同样起抑制作用。通过相关异质性检验,数字服务贸易壁垒对“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设不产生显著影响,而对非“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设产生显著的抑制影响。因此,减少数字服务贸易壁垒、促进创新,特别是在非“一带一路”共建国家中,将是我国贸易强国建设过程中需要着重关注和改善的方向。为更好地适应数字时代的贸易环境,实现外贸高质量发展,向贸易强国迈进,应加强国际合作;进行数字技术研发与创新,降低技术壁垒带来的负面影响;推动数字技术培训和人才交流,打破技术壁垒;积极参与国际数字服务规则制定。

构建数字平台“走出去”的安全保障体系

随着国际地缘政治冲突、中美博弈加剧以及全球数字竞争日趋白热化,数字平台作为数字技术和数字规则治理的重要交集,成为大国博弈的新焦点。在我国数字平台企业规模迅速崛起并不断壮大之际,美西方及其部分新兴经济体以“泛国家安全”为旗号,对数字平台采取“强监管”的施策方针,制造壁垒以限制我数字企业国际化发展,遏制围堵打压全面升级,使我数字平台企业“走出去”成本大幅抬升,面临越来越大的阻力,与此同时,我国数字平台企业发展存在“大而不强”、国际化程度严重滞后、业务本地化能力及合规体系建设不足等瓶颈。要以加快推动数字制度型开放与数字营商环境改革、深度参与数字领域国际规则制定与规则融合对接、探索构建中国数字领域的“长臂管辖”制度与司法体系、积极构建支持国际海外服务体系、鼓励数字平台构建海外合规体系等为着力点,做好战略应对,保障我国数字平台企业安全“走出去”及高质量发展。

RCEP视域下饲料出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因及解决对策

当前,中国饲料出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒,既有饲料行业发展趋势的原因,也有国际环保政策调整和国际贸易环境变化的原因。RCEP协定的签订和实施对解决中国饲料出口绿色贸易壁垒问题具有积极作用,RCEP协定下统一的贸易规则降低了饲料出口的技术性贸易壁垒,促进了饲料领域技术交流和标准合作,并提高了解决饲料出口贸易争端的能力。在RCEP协定下,中国应提升饲料出口产品质量与环保标准,加强与其他RCEP成员国的经贸合作以及完善法律法规,规范饲料行业生产与经营行为,从而来解决饲料出口的绿色贸易壁垒问题。

中国对欧盟茶叶出口贸易发展的特征、问题与建议

2001—2022年中国对欧盟茶叶出口贸易持续增长,产品结构以绿茶为主,市场数量扩增,出口均价攀升,贸易互补性增强。但是,近年来中国对欧盟茶叶出口贸易中仍存在着总体规模有限、增长质量不高、国别市场结构不合理、频繁遭遇贸易壁垒限制等问题。新时期,应推进国内茶叶供给侧结构性改革,提振对欧盟茶叶出口规模,提升产品质量,优化市场结构,增强贸易综合效益,以实现对欧盟茶叶出口贸易高质量发展。

欧盟对中国电动汽车实施反补贴调查的影响及对策

中国逐步掌握了全球汽车产业电气化和智能化转型话语权,对以美日欧为主的传统汽车产业格局产生了冲击,难免会遭遇各种形式的贸易保护主义。欧盟作为我国主要电动汽车企业出口目的地,已于2023年9月13日宣布对中国电动汽车展开反补贴调查。虽然此举无法从根本上阻止我国电动汽车产业全球化进程,但可能在短期内会破坏市场预期,干扰我国电动汽车企业的经营决策和业务布局并提高未来进入欧盟市场门槛和成本,需要警惕并在窗口期内做好应对准备。

出口产品质量与技术性贸易壁垒——理论及来自中国的经验证据

将产品质量改进引入基于博弈论的技术性贸易壁垒成因,利用2002—2020年产品层面的数据,从实证层面考察国外技术性贸易壁垒的影响因素,特别分析中国出口产品质量的升级是否会影响国外技术性贸易壁垒决策。研究发现,从总体上来看,中国出口产品质量升级提升了中国遭遇的技术性贸易壁垒,并随着从中国进口额占据总进口额的比重增大这种现象而加剧,可见中国制造的崛起遭到了歧视性的贸易壁垒。该结论在替换被解释变量指标、考虑内生性问题、更换不同占比的样本等条件下依旧稳健。异质性检验发现,中国出口产品质量升级与中国遭遇的技术性贸易壁垒的关系在不同年份、不同国家和不同产品上有差异。为实现中国产品更好走出去的愿景,政策建议如下:一是密切关注主要伙伴国的技术性贸易壁垒;二是构建全方位、多层次的技术性贸易壁垒处理机制;三是推动建立统一、合理的国际标准体系;四是联合其他国家一起对不公平、不合理地设置技术性贸易壁垒的行为进行抗争。