Transient numerical simulation of annealing process in a conjugate combined radiation conduction heat transfer

The annealing time is an important affecting factor in the performance of many furnaces.The present work deals with the transient simulation of annealing process in a cubic furnace in which a solid element is placed in its center.As the working gas can have some radiating features,a set of governing equations including the energy balance with the radiative transfer equation(RTE)for the gray radiating medium and the conduction equation inside the solid product are numerically solved with progressing in time.Numerical results which are validated against both analytical and theoretical findings in the literature demonstrate that during the starting period,a high rate of radiant energy transfers into the solid body even at small optical thickness.This behavior which hastens the rate of heat transfer at low values of the radiation conduction parameter,causes a fast annealing process in which the solid body warms up to its maximum temperature.Moreover,it is revealed that the rate of heat transfer is an increasing function of radiation-conduction parameter.

Processing and analysis of transient pressure measurements from permanent down-hole gauges

With permanent down-hole gauges （PDGs） widely installed in oilfields around the world in recent years, a continuous stream of transient pressure data in real time is now available, which motivates a new round of research interests in further developing pressure transient processing and analysis techniques. Transient pressure measurements from PDG are characterized by long term and high volume data. These data are recorded under unconstrained circumstances, so effects due to noise, rate fluctuation and interference from other wells cannot be avoided. These effects make the measured pressure trends decline or rise and then obscure or distort the actual flow behavior, which makes subsequent analysis difficult. In this paper, the problems encountered in analysis of PDG transient pressure are investigated. A newly developed workflow for processing and analyzing PDG transient pressure data is proposed. Numerical well testing synthetic studies are performed to demonstrate these procedures. The results prove that this new technique works well and the potential for practical application looks very promising.

Finite Element Method for the Transient Process of the Separation of External Stores from Aircraft

The adjustment and the regeneration of the flow field unstructuredmesh as well as the fi- nitelement solutions for the Euler equationsin the transient process of the separation o external stores form anaircraft at a predetermined downward translation and rotation areinvestigated. It is shown that the adjustment or regeneration ofgrids needed for moving store can be confined within a small regionaround the store and the finite element numerical solution method ofEuler equations for fixed grids can also be used for moving grids ifthe conservative fluxes F_k of fixed grids are replaced by E_k ofmoving grids. The relation-ships between F_k and E_k are alsoestablished. The numerical results For practical examples of aircraftwith external stores are shown.

Initial transient process in a simple helical flux compression generator

An analytical scheme on the initial transient process in a simple helical flux compression generator, which includes the distributions of both the magnetic field in the hollow of an armature and the conducting current density in the stator, is developed by means of a diffusion equation. A relationship between frequency of the conducting current, root of the characteristic function of Bessel equation and decay time in the armature is given. The skin depth in the helical stator is calculated and is compared with the approximate one which is widely used in the calculation of magnetic diffusion. Our analytical results are helpful to understanding the mechanism of the loss of magnetic flux in both the armature and stator and to suggesting an optimal design for improving performance of the helical flux compression generator.

Arranging transient process used in iterative learning control system

Considering the same initial state error in each repetitive operation in the iterative learning system, a method of arranging the transient process is given. During the current iteration, the system will track the transient function firstly, and then the expected trajectory. After several iterations, the learning system output will trend to the arranged curve, which has avoided the effect of the initial error on the controller. Also the transient time can be changed as you need, which makes the designing simple and the operation easy. Then the detailed designing steps are given via the robot system. At last the simulation of the robot system is given, which shows the validity of the method.

1/3 PURE SUB-HARMONIC SOLUTION AND FRACTAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TRANSIENT PROCESS FOR DUFFING'S EQUATION

The 1/3 sub-harmonic solution for the Duffing＇s with damping equation was investigated by using the methods of harmonic balance and numerical integration. The assumed solution is introduced, and the domain of sub-harmonic frequencies was found. The asymptotical stability of the subharmonic resonances and the sensitivity of the amplitude responses to the variation of damping coefficient were examined. Then, the subharmonic resonances were analyzed by using the techniques from the general fractal theory. The analysis indicates that the sensitive dimensions of the system time-field responses show sensitivity to the conditions of changed initial perturbation, changed damping coefficient or the amplitude of excitation, thus the sensitive dimension can clearly describe the characteristic of the transient process of the subharmonic resonances.

A 1/3 PURE SUBHARMONIC SOLUTION AND TRANSIENT PROCESS FOR THE DUFFING'S EQUATION

The 1/3 subharmonic solution for the Duffing’s equation is investigated by using the methods of harmonic balance and numerical integration. The sensitivity of parameter variation for the transient process and the transient process for the perturbance initial conditions are studied. Over and above, the precision of numerical integration method is discussed and the numerical integration method is compared with the harmonic balance method. Finally, asymptotical stability of the pure subharmonic oscillations element is inspected.

Effect of Carried-Envelope Phase on Transient Process in a Cascade-Type System

This paper investigates the effect of carried-envelope phase on transient process in a cascade-type atomic system, which is driven by two ultrashort laser pulses （probe and signal laser）. It is found that the one- and two-photon processes corresponding to pathway ｜0〉→｜1〉and ｜0〉→｜1〉→｜2〉 can be enhanced or ,suppressed by modulating the carried-envelope phases of probe laser pulse. Our numerical results also show that the transient populations of two excited states can be periodically affected by the carried-envelope phase of probe laser pulse. With certain time, the partial population transfer between two exited states can be realized just by adjusting the carried-envelope phase of probe laser pulse.

High-Accuracy Pneumatic Position Control by Applying Nonlinear Control and Arranging Transient Process

By applying a nonlinear control and arranging a transient process, the initiative error of the pneumatic servo positioning system is reduced largely, and a larger gain of the controller is used to improve the responding speed of the system at the same damping ratio. Therefore, a compromise is made among the responding speed, overshoot, robustness, adaptability and stability. In addition, a dynamic output feedback controller, including position velocity and acceleration （PVA） feedback, is designed to improve the performance of the system. And a nonlinear controller is reconstructed based on the linear output feedback controller to decrease noises and disturbances. The dynamic responses of the system are simulated and tested. Results show that the error is kept within 0.02 mm under different mass loads and the positioning transient process is smooth, without overshoot and speedy.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSIENT PROCESS OF AC SILENT DISCHARGE

A mathematical model for analysing transient process of AC silent discharge isestablished from its physical model.Then,the breakdown characteristics and the dependence ofdischarge current density on time are calculated theoretically in this kind of AC silent discharge.They are compared with the experimental results and the deviation between the theoretical andexperimental results are discussed briefly.

抽水蓄能机组特性曲线对电站水力过渡过程的影响

为了研究抽水蓄能机组特性曲线对过渡过程的影响,采用三组比转速接近的已建电站的特性曲线对某电站进行了水力过渡过程计算分析。通过对比计算发现:减小飞逸曲线与机组运行轨迹线交点的单位转速,有助于降低机组最大转速上升率。初始工况点应选在特性曲线相对平滑的地方,有助于减小机组在过渡过程中的流量变化,降低蜗壳进口最大压力。“s”特性斜率变化率越小,整体越平滑,尾水管进口最小压力越高。可以为项目前期选择合适的转轮提供理论依据。

A two-step transient liquid phase diffusion bonding process of T91 steels

In this study, a two-step heating process is introduced for transient liquid phase （ TLP） diffusion bonding fo r sound joints with T91 heat resistant steels. At first, a short-time higher temperature heating step is addressed to melt the interlayer, followed by the second step to complete isothermal solidification at a low temperature. The most critical feature of our new method is producing a non-planar interface at the T9／ heat resistant steels joint. We propose a transitional liquid phase bonding of T91 heat resistant steels by this approach. Since joint microstructures have been studied, we tested the tensile strength to assess joint mechanical property. The result indicates that the solidified bond may contain a primary solid-solution, similar composition to the parent metal and free from precipitates. Joint tensile strength of the joint is not lower than parent materials. Joint bend＇s strengths are enhanced due to the higher metal-to-metal junction producing a non-planar bond lines. Nevertheless, the traditional transient liquid phase diffusion bonding produces planar ones. Bonding parameters of new process are 1 260 °C for 0. 5 min and 1 230 °C fo r 4 min.

离心泵变频调速在长距离输水工程中的应用与研究

介绍了南水北调大兴支线工程输水管道系统,特别是在处理水锤现象和保证安全输水方面的应对措施。对整个输水系统建立数学模型,阐述数学模型在供水系统瞬变流数值计算中的应用,对比离心泵启动及停止瞬态过程中工频与变频的变化对整个系统安全运行的影响,并提出了大兴支线输水工程过渡过程计算分析结果。通过建立合理的数学模型和设置边界条件,可有效解决供水系统瞬变流产生的问题,保证输水管道系统的安全稳定运行,为长距离输水工程设计及运行管理提供参考依据。

某迫榴炮击针疲劳寿命仿真与提升研究

击针大多采用细长及变截面结构,在循环撞击力作用下,易引起结构应力集中及交变应力,经常出现疲劳断裂故障,严重影响自动武器的可靠性,甚至威胁到作战人员安全。某迫榴炮击针在试验中偶发断裂现象,疲劳寿命约200发左右,为了提升该击针疲劳寿命,基于载荷传递过程,建立了击针在火药气体反冲力下高速运动与限位块的瞬态撞击模型,获取击针撞击过程交变应力,通过循环载荷作用下击针疲劳寿命评估,计算击针疲劳寿命与试验现象基本一致,验证了计算模型的准确性。在此基础上,开展了不同材料击针疲劳寿命提升研究,研究表明,将击针材料由PCrNi3Mo更换为30CrNi2MoVE后,击针疲劳寿命由215发提升到1670发,提升效果显著,改进后的击针经实弹射击试验验证在规定寿命周期内未发生断裂现象。

电站含不同装机容量机组导叶关闭规律

扩建小容量生态机组是保证已建电站下游所需生态用水的有效方式之一.对于需要扩建机组的水电站,增设机组和原设机组选取的导叶关闭规律是否协调对于调节保证参数有着重要意义.基于特征线法建立了过渡过程仿真模型,探究设有不同装机容量机组水电站的导叶关闭规律组合,开展了新增生态小机组前后对电站调保参数影响的对比分析,并揭示了电站中机组装机容量对蜗壳压力的影响机理.结果表明:电站中原机组若沿用增设生态机组前的关闭规律,会导致蜗壳压力超出控制标准,因此应适当延长导叶关闭时间;机组装机容量越大,机组转速越小,蜗壳压力越大;电站设置不同装机容量(AABB)机组时,装机容量较小的机组A可直接采用电站全为该容量的方案(AAAA)的关闭规律,装机容量较大的机组B可参考电站全用较大装机方案(BBBB)的关闭规律.研究成果可为同类型水电站的导叶关闭规律选取提供参考.

双有源桥串联谐振变换器的暂态过程与控制

基于移相控制的双有源桥串联谐振变换器(dual-bridge series resonant converter,DBSRC)在传输功率的快速调控过程中,移相角将发生较大的阶跃变化,导致谐振腔出现大幅度长时间的振荡过程,不仅严重恶化了变换器的动态性能,电路元件也会面临严重的过电压和过电流风险。该文首先基于基波分析法推导DBSRC暂态过程的通用计算模型,分析暂态过程中的振荡特性,精确估算暂态过程中的谐振电压峰值、谐振电流峰值以及暂态过渡时间,评估暂态过程中的过电压与过电流程度。基于暂态过程计算模型,提出一种振荡的抑制方法,使变换器在一个开关周期后能够到达新的稳定状态,有效地避免了过电压与过电流的风险,并且大幅改善了闭环控制的动态特性。最后,通过仿真与实验结果验证理论分析和所提出的控制方法。

航空发动机控制中变权重函数阶次的仿真研究

提出一种民用航空发动机过渡过程控制方法,在含非线性补偿项的航空发动机分段线性模型基础上建立含耦合状态变量权重项的性能指标指标函数,设计变权重SDRE控制算法实现的对过渡过程的控制。在MATLAB环境下对各阶次变权重函数下的航空发动机SDRE控制算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明,变权重SDRE控制算法相比定权重控制算法可以在提升航空发动机转速响应速度的同时降低燃油消耗,同时仿真结果表明,变权重函数阶次越高时转子转速响应的上升时间越快,同时燃油流量随阶次的上升先减小再增加,最后对产生这种结果的原因进行了分析。

长距离输水有压-无压耦合水力瞬变的Godunov格式建模模拟

针对含无压流、倒虹吸有压流联合的长距离输水系统,建立有限体积法Godunov格式的有压-无压耦合水力瞬变数学模型,并对运行水力特性进行模拟研究。对于无压流转变为有压流时,提出考虑有压流水锤效应的Preissmann狭缝法,实现有压流水力瞬变的模拟计算。基于有限体积法Godunov格式对控制方程进行离散求解,采用了虚拟边界法实现了边界与内部单元统一计算,简化了计算的繁琐。结合实际工程,针对稳态运行流态、糙率敏感性、水力过渡过程进行计算分析。结果表明:所建模型模拟结果与精确黎曼解数据基本一致;稳态运行情况下,运行流量越大、糙率越大、下游出水口水位越高,满管率、最大管道充满度、最小管道充满度越大,水面线越高。较高水面线时倒虹吸的惯性振荡可导致瞬变过程出现局部明满交替流波动。

Effect of non-uniform swelling on coal multiphysics during gas injection: The triangle approach

In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its internal structures and transient processes.However,both internal structures and transient processes can lead to the non-uniform swelling.In this study,we hypothesize that the non-uniform swelling is responsible for why coal permeability in experimental measurements is not only controlled by the effective stress but also is affected by the adsorption-induced swelling.We propose a concept of the swelling triangle composed of swelling paths to characterize the evolution of the non-uniform swelling and serve as a core link in coupled multiphysics.A swelling path is determined by a dimensionless volumetric ratio and a dimensionless swelling ratio.Different swelling paths have the same start and end point,and each swelling path represents a unique swelling case.The swelling path as the diagonal of the triangle represents the case of the uniform swelling while that as the two perpendicular boundaries represents the case of the localized swelling.The paths of all intermediate cases populate inside the triangle.The corresponding relations between the swelling path and the response of coal multiphysics are established by a non-uniform swelling coefficient.We define this method as the triangle approach and corresponding models as swelling path-based ones.The proposed concept and models are verified against a long-term experimental measurement of permeability and strains under constant effective stress.Our results demonstrate that during gas injection,coal multiphysics responses have a close dependence on the swelling path,and that in both future experiments and field predictions,this dependence must be considered.

不同启动条件下泵喷推进潜艇的瞬态特性研究

为研究泵喷推进潜艇启动过程中的瞬态特性,基于DES(detached-eddy simulation)湍流模型对“泵-艇”一体化模型进行全流域非定常数值模拟,采用线性方式进行启动,分析启动时间对泵喷内部及尾流场的影响机理。结果表明:启动过程中,随转速的增加,流量呈线性增长的态势,推力和轴功率呈指数增长;动静叶栅工作面和背面的压差逐渐增大;高涡量区从叶轮叶片前缘和轮毂表面逐渐扩大至整个流道,进口回流逐渐得到一定程度的遏制,漩涡逐渐出现在各个区域;喷流边界从速度梯度不明显且几乎成轴对称分布形态逐渐演变为显著的局部速度梯度且呈“蜿蜒”特性;尾部流场三维涡从启动初期简单的喷管剪切层涡和呈锥体结构的尾涡逐渐演变为由轴心涡、尾流末端涡以及叶片涡系等组成的复杂涡系系统;随启动时间增加,到达相同转速时动静叶栅内部压力整体呈下降态势;喷流尾迹到达的距离越来越长,“蜿蜒”特性更加明显;各涡系结构越来越清晰,尾涡形态产生更加复杂的非规则变化。