Tissue tropism and parasite burden of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in experimentally infected mice

Objective:To evaluate parasite distribution and tissue tropism of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in experimentally infected mice using real time QPCR.Methods:In this survey 16 Balb/c mice were inoculated with 1×10~4 alive tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain.After 1,2,3 days post infection and the last day(before death),different tissues of mice including blood,brain,eye,liver,spleen,kidney,heart and muscle were harvested.Following tissues DNA extraction,the parasite burden was quantified using real time QPCR targeting the B1 gene(451 bp).Results:It showed that Toxoplasma after intraperitoneal injection was able to movement to various tissues in24 hours.Parasite burden was high in all tissues but the most number of parasites were observed in kidney,heart and liver,respectively.Conclusions:These data provide significant baseline information about Toxoplasma pathogenesis,vaccine monitoring and drug efficiency.

Analysis of the Tropism and Anti-Bacterial Potential of a Type of Clay

Natural clays have been used by man in infections of bacterial etiology, since the first historical registers. Our attention turned to a red-colored clay, known in the northeast of Brazil as “barro de lou&#231a” (dish clay). These clays and other natural earth materials seem interesting to us, as the blockage of the liberation of toxins or inactivation, may be related to the interruption of infection cycles in the skin and mucous membranes. The adsorptive and absorptive properties of the mineral clays are well documented in the cure process of skin and gastrointestinal diseases. Susceptibility and bacterial tropism tests were carried out. The results were analyzed and interpreted according to the conventional microbiological protocol. The bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, did not present a susceptibility profile to an isotonic solution of clay, but there was an increase of the bacterial tropism as the concentration of the isotonic solution was increased, being the minimal observed concentration of 100 mg/mL. Our aim is to document a type of red clay from the northeast of Brazil with possible attraction properties (Tropism) to bacteria and their toxins.

Selective tropism of liver stem cells to hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo

AIM: To investigate the selective tropism of liver stem cells to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an animal model and its feasibility as a vector to deliver therapeutic genes for targeted therapy of HCC. METHODS: WB-F344, a kind of rat liver stem cell, was infected with recombinant virus to establish a cell line with stable, high-level expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). An animal model of HCC in Wistar rats was established by implanting HCC cells (CBRH7919) combined with an immunosuppressive drug. EGFP labeled liver stem cells were injected into caudal veins of the animals and distribution was observed at different time points after injection. SDF-1 and c-kit expression in non-tumor liver and tumor tissue were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the relationshiop between the expression and migration of liver stem cells. Furthermore, hepatic stem cells were injected via the portal vein, hepatic artery, caudal vein, or directly into the pericancerous liver tissue, respectively, and effects on migration, localization, and proliferation of the hepatic stem cells within the tumor tissue were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: Recombinant adenovirus could deliver the EGFP gene to hepatic stem cells. A new stem cell line, named WB-EGFP, was established that stably expressed EGFP. WB-EGFP cells still showed selective tropism towards HCC and EGFP expression was stable in vivo. According to immunohistochemistry results, SDF-1 may not be related to the mechanisms of tropism of hepatic stem cells. Different application sites affected the distribution of liver stem cells. Injection via the portalvein was superior with regard to selective migration, localization, and proliferation of the hepatic stem cells within the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION: Liver stem cells have the biological behavior of selective migration to HCC in vivo and they could localize and proliferate within HCC tissue stably expressing the target gene. Liver stem cells are a potential tool for a targeted gene therapy of HCC.

Influence of Tourists′ Environmental Tropisms on Their Attitudes to Tourism and Nature Conservation in Natural Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou National Park in China

People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.

外来中药辣木叶的药性与功用再探索

辣木叶(Moringa spp.)是印度传统草药,因其具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、利尿、改善睡眠、增强人体免疫力、延缓衰老、抗肿瘤等作用而引起人们的广泛关注。辣木叶目前合法引入中国,并因其确切的药理活性与安全无毒的药物属性,应用与研究日益增多。但当前其暂无中药标准,仅有少量药性记载。辣木叶的中药药性亟待完善,以有利于辣木叶与中药合理配伍运用从而充分发挥其应有的价值。以“文献研究→理论探讨→药性验证→临床实践”为路径构建新外来药物“中药化”的研究策略与范式,以临床应用为依据、实验研究为参考,进行外来中药辣木叶的药性与功用的深入探讨,对规范其应用具有重要意义。

新外来中药香蜂草的药性探讨

香蜂草为唇形科植物Melissa officinalis L.的叶。原产于欧洲地中海地区,欧洲、北美、亚洲各大洲均有分布,我国的中南、西南部以及台湾也有野生种分布。香蜂草在国外有长久的应用历史,被广泛应用于治疗精神和中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病等。也作为抗焦虑药、睡眠辅助剂以及解毒剂。目前香蜂草在我国作为香料使用,并有多种以香蜂草为原料的专利。中医药学自古就广泛吸收外来药物不断扩大我国中药资源,如藿香、丁香、木香等源自域外的“香药”至今也是我国的常用中药。将香蜂草列入中药潜在的引入对象进行研究,以其临床研究和应用文献为基础,结合中医药理论对香蜂草的中药药性进行理论分析。结果为香蜂草药性辛、凉,归心、肝经,具有宁心安神益智、疏肝解郁、缓急止痛的功效,用于治疗心神不宁,失眠,健忘,心悸;情志抑郁,烦躁多虑;腹痛、牙痛等症状。

基于中药性味归经理论探讨祛瘀消肿汤对混合痔术后愈合的影响

目的探究基于中药性味归经理论指导下探讨祛瘀消肿汤对混合痔术后愈合的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月收治的98例混合痔患者,以随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组进行研究。对照组(49例)采用外剥内扎手术治疗方法,观察组(49例)在此基础上结合内服祛瘀消肿汤治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后血清炎症因子、视觉模拟疼痛评分、水肿评分、创面愈合情况、生长因子水平。观察两组患者临床疗效、症状缓解时间。结果治疗前两组患者白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)与水肿评分、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth fac⁃tor,b-FGF)及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)水平比较(P>0.05);治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平及VAS和水肿评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组,b-FGF、VEGF水平均上升,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组患者创面出血评分、创面渗液评分比较,P>0.05;治疗14 d后观察组评分比对照组低(P<0.05)。与对照组患者肛门坠胀缓解时间及肛门水肿缓解时间、创面渗液消失时间和疼痛缓解时间比较,观察组时间均更短(P<0.05)。观察组临床总有效率95.92%(47/49),显著高于对照组的81.64%(40/49)(χ^(2)=5.018,P=0.025)。结论在中药性味归经理论指导下,祛瘀消肿汤能降低混合痔术后血清炎症因子水平、减少创面疼痛、加快愈合时间和提高临床疗效。

Kiran Nandivada’s Stuck Blade in a Grinder Jar Degenerative Cascade by LSTV at L5-S1

Background: Mario Bertolotti, (1917) described LSTV-Lumbar spinal transitional vertebra as Bertolotti Syndrome a century ago and associated low back pain with it. Yet, it needs to be given significance in general orthopaedic practice even now, and radiologists underreport it. LSTV is a congenital anatomical anomaly that Castellvi classified into four varying types. Purpose: I titled this phenomenon “Kiran Nandivada’s stuck blade in a grinder jar degenerative cascade by LSTV at L5-S1” to clearly explain how an abnormal mega-transverse apophysis with its various variations affects the weight-bearing mechanics as the L5-S1 which is a vital junction where the maximum body weight is directed into both the sacroiliac joints and if a transitional vertebra occurs it becomes detrimental and abnormally redirects the load-bearing forces and leads to a progressive degenerative cascade both proximally and distally. As the L5 vertebral rotations and other movements of flexion, extensions, lateral flexion are stuck like a bent grinder blade, the other areas of the region are damaged progressively as the pelvis, just like the grinder motor tries to move it, resulting in overheating and maybe even a burnout results in the form of facet arthritis, disc degeneration in the normal disc above, the transitional disc at L5-S1, foraminal osteophytes causing radiculopathy, sacroiliac joint arthritis. Material and Methods: Around 200 X-rays of children and adults with this congenital anomaly have been studied between 2020 and 2023. This is a retrospective study. Results: 1) Our study showed an Increased incidence of LSTV at 15%. 2) Patients ranged from asymptomatic, atypical lumbago to classical lumbago with sciatica and claudication. Findings supported facet and sacroiliac joint arthritis and the pain, relieved with physiotherapy, posture corrections, weight reduction, and lifestyle precautions, negating the need for local steroid injections, radiofrequency ablation or surgical excision as per our experience. Conclusion: Other dysplastic congenital manifestations like associated scoliosis, facet tropism and nerve root, and sacroiliac joint anomalies can co-exist. These radiological findings must be clearly explained to the patient so that the inherently progressive nature of this phenomenon is well understood and the patient can take the required precautions to slow them and suitable conservative treatment can be planned. In rare cases, radiofrequency ablation or even rarely a surgical resection could be beneficial, but the surgical approach could be complex as normal anatomy is changed. Hence, prior anaesthesia blocks and even scintigraphy are essential steps to clearly define and confirm the LSTV to be the actual cause of the pain.

IRES核心区12-bp非连续插入突变对猪塞内卡病毒复制和细胞嗜性的影响

【背景】塞内卡病毒(senecavirus A,SVA)是新近暴发的一种引起猪特发性水疱病及仔猪死亡的小核糖核酸病毒。该病毒基因组5′非编码区(untranslated region,UTR)中的内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)元件在病毒复制过程中发挥重要作用。2017年我国出现IRES核心区Domain II 12个碱基非连续插入的自然突变SVA毒株,在病毒复制和致病性方面存在明显改变。【目的】探讨IRES Domain II区域发生的突变对SVA的复制及细胞嗜性的影响,为进一步了解SVA致病机制奠定基础。【方法】以实验室前期构建的含HeN-1/2018株全基因组感染性克隆pHeN-1/2018为基础,通过定点突变的方式,逐步将其IRES Domain II核心区域308—317 nt的9个碱基(ACTCAAGCG)替换为GD04/2017株基因组308—328 nt的21个碱基(CACGCCTGCCGATAGACGATT),构建重组载体pHeN-1/2018-i12并进行了病毒拯救。随后,利用病毒基因组克隆测序、间接免疫荧光试验和Western blot试验对所拯救病毒进行鉴定,同时验证了IRES核心区12个碱基插入突变对SVA病毒体外复制能力和细胞嗜性的影响。【结果】将构建完成的重组载体pHeN-1/2018-i12转染细胞,盲传至P2代,获得致使感染细胞病变明显、病变时间稳定的IRES突变病毒rHeN-1/2018-i12。病毒连续传代后测序结果表明rHeN-1/2018-i12遗传稳定,P5代病毒基因组序列未发生碱基突变,P10代病毒IRES区域没有出现突变现象。用低代次的突变病毒rHeN-1/2018-i12体外感染本体动物猪源细胞系PK-15和IBRS-2,及仓鼠源细胞系BHK-21,进行细胞感染试验,结果表明rHeN-1/2018-i12与亲本毒株rHeN-1/2018在PK-15、IBRS-2和BHK-21中均能导致明显的细胞病变,表现出相似的生长曲线趋势,表明IRES核心区Domain II 12个碱基突变不能够改变对上述细胞的嗜性;但SVA突变病毒和亲本株在不同细胞中的病变时间及病毒滴度上存在较大的差异,rHeN-1/2018-i12株在细胞中生长能力较其亲本株rHeN-1/2018差,诱使细胞病变的时间较晚,在感染24 hpi,两者病毒滴度相差可达10倍。【结论】本研究基于SVA反向遗传操作系统构建并拯救SVA IRES突变毒株,确定了IRES突变对SVA生物学特性的影响,有助于我们更好地了解SVA致病机制,拓宽我们对病毒IV型IRES功能的认识。

新外来中药丽杯角的中药药性研究

目的:基于外来植物药丽杯角[Hoodia gordonii(Masson) Sweet ex Decne]的研究文献,结合中医药理论探讨丽杯角的中药药性,为丽杯角引入中药奠定理论基础。方法:选取国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus文献数据库进行检索查阅,筛选丽杯角可信度高和结论可靠的科学研究文献。最终纳入132篇相关文献,将其分为综述研究、历史应用、化学成分、临床研究、药理作用、安全性文献共6类,结合中医药理论探讨丽杯角的中药药性。结果:通过概括、归纳以及理论研究分析丽杯角中药药性为苦,微寒;归脾、胃、肝经;具有清热泻火、化浊降脂、疏肝解郁的功效。主要用于胃火炽盛,多食易饥,形体肥胖,内热消渴,肝气郁结,胸胁胀闷。结论:赋予丽杯角中药药性对将非洲植物资源引入中药,加强物种多样化,促进中医药可持续发展有重要意义。

新外来中药非洲马铃果皮的药性研究

目的:分析非洲马铃果皮的中药药性,为促进非洲马铃果作为外来中药引入中国,实现其与传统中药配伍应用提供理论依据。方法:选用科学期刊文献数据库进行检索,对相关文献进行纳入、排除、分类及统计。结合中医药理论探讨非洲马铃果皮的中药药性,总结分析相关历史应用、化学成分、药理活性等研究。结果:非洲马铃果皮为夹竹桃科马铃果属植物非洲马铃果(Voacanga africana Stapf)的根皮和树皮,中药药性为味苦、甘,性凉,归脾、胃、心、肝经,具有清热燥湿、解毒止痢、镇惊安神、止痉止痛之功。可用于热毒血痢、休息痢,呆钝健忘,胃脘痛、睾丸肿痛、痛经、跌打伤痛、惊厥等。水煎服,10~25 g/d,无毒。结论:研究赋予非洲马铃果皮中药药性,可为其引入中医临床并进一步与中药配伍应用奠定理论基础,同时对丰富我国中药资源、促进中医药可持续发展有重要意义。

基于临床新用的青钱柳中药药性探讨

青钱柳为双子叶植物纲胡桃科青钱柳属速生乔木,主要分布于我国的南部亚热带的山区,是我国独有的珍贵树种,目前在我国已有大规模种植。青钱柳作为药物最早记载于1975年出版的《全国中草药汇编》,之后又陆续被《中国中药资源志要》《中华本草》等中药专著以及4个地方药材标准收载。但是没有形成统一的药用部位、采收时间、性味归经、功能主治、用法用量的标准,功能主治与当前实际应用存在一定差异,没有紧跟临床进展不断总结并及时更新,尤其缺乏系统的“方-证-症”与之相对应,难以指导青钱柳临床辨证用药和合理用药。青钱柳叶作为别样茶已经有500年以上的悠久历史,于2013年被国家卫生健康委员会列入新资源食品目录。因而青钱柳是一味药食两用中药。以临床应用为依据、实验研究为参考,总结青钱柳现有的研究成果,运用中医药思维对其中药药性进行再探索,完善其中药药性,总结和归纳了功能主治,为统一和提升青钱柳药材标准,为其合理配伍配方和辨证用药提供参考与指导。基于临床新用深入探讨青钱柳中药药性对进一步挖掘其价值,提高使用的准确性、规范性及科学性,更好地为人民群众健康服务具有重要意义。

卵形鲳鲹源海豚链球菌检测方法的建立及应用

为快速分析组织样本中的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)载量,本研究选取海豚链球菌特异性基因SimA作为目的基因,建立了海豚链球菌的实时荧光绝对定量检测方法。该方法最低检测值为1.93×10^(2)拷贝数/μL,在1.93×10^(2)~1.93×10^(9)拷贝数/μL间有良好的区分度,同时重复实验的变异系数低于1%,具有较高的重现性。该方法可特异性地检测海豚链球菌,与坎氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌等10种病原菌不发生交叉反应。用建立的绝对定量方法检测卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)浸泡感染海豚链球菌后组织菌体的载量,结果显示,随着感染时间的延长肝、脾、心、肾、脑、鳃、肠等组织的海豚链球菌载量呈上升趋势。但组织间也存在较大差异。在感染后的12~24 h,脑为菌体载量最高的组织,肠为菌体载量最低的组织;在感染后的48~72 h,肾为菌体载量最高的组织,鳃为菌体载量最低的组织。由此推断,浸泡感染的海豚链球菌对卵形鲳鲹的脑、肾组织嗜性最强,对脾、肝、心、肠和鳃组织嗜性相对较弱。研究结果表明,本研究建立的海豚链球菌绝对定量检测方法可以应用于海豚链球菌感染卵形鲳鲹的动态监测,为防治海豚链球菌提供了依据。

基于数据挖掘技术探讨温针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症选穴规律与作用机制研究

目的:探讨温针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的选穴规律。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)及中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)中自建库至2022年4月1日收录的温针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症相关文献,并运用Excel 2019整理数据并建立数据库,使用IBM SPSS MODELER 18.0进行关联规则分析,运用R语言构建高频腧穴的共现矩阵,使用Origin 2021制作弦图以对高频腧穴进行可视化分析,采用SPSS 26.0进行聚类分析。结果:共获得针灸处方304条,腧穴75个,23个高频腧穴,依次为委中、肾俞、夹脊、环跳等,足少阳、太阳经是最常用经脉,特定穴使用最多的是五输穴和背俞穴,多选取腰背部及下肢部穴位。委中-环跳,委中-夹脊-环跳,环跳-阳陵泉等16个强关联规则,聚类分析将高频穴位分为4类。结论:温针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症选穴以肾为本,多为足太阳、少阳经穴,结合局部取穴,标本同治,为针灸临床治疗该病提供了选穴依据,并总结温针灸治疗本病通过消除炎症反应、改善局部微循环、抑制痛觉神经,提高痛阈等方面发挥作用。

外来植物药卡瓦胡椒的文献研究及中药药性探讨

卡瓦胡椒药用价值广泛,在欧洲和美国颇负盛名,是欧美地区最受欢迎的植物药之一。要加强对外来植物药的“中药化”研究,赋予其中药药性,必将产生巨大的经济和社会价值,促进中医药事业的长远发展。卡瓦胡椒主要以根及根茎入药,性温热,味苦辛,归心、肝、肾经;有镇静安神,息风止痉,疏肝解郁,麻醉止痛,祛湿利水等功效。可用于心神不宁,心悸失眠,抽搐痉挛,风湿、舌苔厚白、小便不畅等证。

银翘的本草考证

银翘是金银花和连翘的合称。两者都是清热解毒药物,相须为用起到协同作用,提高疗效。作者通过对历代古籍及权威药学专著的收集、整理、比较、分析,分别对连翘和金银花的名称、性味归经、功效主治以及用药部位进行考证,结果发现历代本草著作对连翘、金银花记载不尽相同。连翘早期名为异翘,性味由“苦、平”转为“味苦性寒或微寒”,用药部位由根部发展为全叶,具有消肿排脓、清热解毒、疏散风热的功效。忍冬为金银花早期用名,只采用茎叶作为用药部位到茎、叶、花均可入药,属“寒”性药物,具有清热解毒之功效。考证结果可为今后成方制剂开发及临床应用提供重要参考。

Investigation of the differences between the “COLD” and “HOT” nature of Coptis chinensis Franch and its processed materials based on animal’s temperature tropism

The description and differentiation of the so-called "Cold" and "Hot" natures, the primary "Drug Naure" of Chinese medicine, is the focus of theoretical research. In this study, the divergency between the "Cold" and the "Hot" natures was investigated through examining the temperature tropism of mice affected by Coptis chinensis Franch and its processed materials by using a cold/hot plate differentiating technology. After exposure to C. chinensis Franch, the macroscopic behavioral index of the remaining rate (RR) on a warm pad (40℃ ) significantly increased (P<0.05), suggesting the enhancement of Hot tropism. The internal indexes of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and oxygen consuming volume decreased significantly (P<0.05), suggesting the decapability of energy metabolism. This external behavior of Hot tropism might reflect the internal Cold nature of C. chinensis Franch. However, the processed materials of C. chinensis Franch exhibited a different Cold nature in temperature tropism compared with crude C. chinensis Franch (CC): the Cold nature of bile-processed C. chinensis Franch (BC) enhanced while the ginger-processed C. chinensis Franch (GC) changed inversely. The changing sequence was consistent with the theoretical prognostication. It is indicated that the external Cold & Hot natures of Chinese medicine may possibly reflect in an ethological way for the changes of animal’s temperature tropism which might be internally regulated by the body’s energy metabolism.

Tissue and host tropism of influenza viruses:Importance of quantitative analysis

It is generally accepted that human influenza viruses preferentially bind to cell-surface glycoproteins/ glycolipids containing sialic acids in α2,6-linkage; while avian and equine influenza viruses preferentially bind to those containing sialic acids in α2,3-linkage. Even though this generalized view is accurate for H3 subtype isolates, it may not be accurate and absolute for all subtypes of influenza A viruses and, therefore, needs to be reevaluated carefully and realistically. Some of the studies published in major scientific journals on the subject of tissue tropism of influenza viruses are inconsistent and caused confusion in the scientific community. One of the reasons for the inconsistency is that most studies were quantitative descriptions of sialic acid receptor distributions based on lectin or influenza virus immunohistochemistry results with limited numbers of stained cells. In addition, recent studies indicate that α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids are not the sole receptors determining tissue and host tropism of influenza viruses. In fact, determinants for tissue and host tropism of human, avian and animal influenza viruses are more complex than what has been generally accepted. Other factors, such as glycan topology, concentration of invading viruses, local density of receptors, lipid raft microdomains, coreceptors or sialic acid-independent receptors, may also be important. To more efficiently control the global spread of pandemic influenza such as the current circulating influenza A H1N1, it is crucial to clarify the determinants for tissue and host tropism of influenza viruses through quantitative analysis of experimental results. In this review, I will comment on some conflicting issues related to tissue and host tropism of influenza viruses, discuss the importance of quantitative analysis of lectin and influenza virus immunohistochemistry results and point out directions for future studies in this area, which should lead to a better understanding of tissue and host tropism of influenza viruses.

关节突关节不对称对腰椎后路椎间融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱临床疗效的影响

目的探讨关节突关节不对称(FT)对腰椎后路椎间融合术(PLIF)改善退行性腰椎滑脱脊柱参数和临床症状的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月在我院接受PLIF手术治疗的退行性腰椎滑脱患者76例,以双侧关节突关节角差值超过10°分为对照组与FT组各38例;对比两组手术前后的临床资料变化,影像参数评估包括滑脱率、椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角、Cobb角和腰椎活动度,临床症状评估包括疼痛视觉模拟评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数和MacNab分级;分析影像学参数与临床症状的相关性,并根据术前FT的不同节段进行分组,比较各组与对照组之间的影像学参数和症状评分变化。结果平均随访时间23.63个月,FT组的腰椎活动度低于对照组(P<0.05),其余术前临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术治疗后两组的影像学参数和症状评分均较术前有所好转,FT组的术后腰椎前凸和腰椎活动度低于对照组(P<0.01);FT组随访时的VAS评分和ODI评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01);Pearson相关性分析显示,骨脱率(SP)、椎间隙高度(IH)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)和关节活动度(ROM)的矫正与两组患者的VAS改善和ODI改善均呈显著相关(P<0.05),手术节段FT和多节段FT的腰椎前凸矫正程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用PLIF手术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱能够恢复患者腰椎生理曲度,获得良好的症状改善,但患者术后出现腰椎活动受限。FT阻碍了腰椎形态的矫正,是PLIF手术疗效欠佳的重要原因。

Complex positive selection pressures drive the evolution of HIV-1 with different co-receptor tropisms

HIV-1 co-receptor tropism is central for understanding the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We performed a genome-wide comparison between the adaptive evolution of R5 and X4 variants from HIV-1 subtypes B and C. The results showed that R5 and X4 variants experienced differential evolutionary patterns and different HIV-1 genes encountered various positive selection pressures, suggesting that complex selection pressures are driving HIV-1 evolution. Compared with other hypervariable regions of Gp120, significantly more positively selected sites were detected in the V3 region of subtype B X4 variants, V2 region of subtype B R5 variants, and V1 and V4 regions of subtype C X4 variants, indicating an association of positive selection with co-receptor recognition/binding. Intriguingly, a significantly higher proportion (33.3% and 55.6%, P<0.05) of positively selected sites were identified in the C3 region than other conserved regions of Gp120 in all the analyzed HIV-1 variants, indicating that the C3 region might be more important to HIV-1 adaptation than previously thought. Approximately half of the positively selected sites identified in the env gene were identical between R5 and X4 variants. There were three common positively selected sites (96, 113 and 281) identified in Gp41 of all X4 and R5 variants from subtypes B and C. These sites might not only suggest a functional importance in viral survival and adaptation, but also imply a potential cross-immunogenicity between HIV-1 R5 and X4 variants, which has important implications for AIDS vaccine development.