Turn-taking in Classroom Discourse and Implications for EFL Teaching

Turn-taking is one of the basic mechanism in conversation.Learners of English may find it difficult to take their turns appropriately,this paper gives the description of turn-taking in classroom discourse and some factors pertaining to it,and explores its implication for EFL teaching so as to apply it into the practice of the classroom discourse.

Turn-taking in EFL Classroom Discourse

In this essay,there will be a contrast and comparison between the teacherdominant turn-taking patterns and students-centered turn-taking patterns.This comparison can help us to find out which pattern can help develop an effective turn-taking in classroom discourse.In terms of the turn-taking pattern in EFL classroom,there also will be a study of turn-taking patterns.This study is concentrated on the EFL students who study in foreign language classroom.Different turn-taking patterns will be recorded to analyze students’language performance and language anxiety during the turns change process.Brown(2008)proposes that senior foreign language learners tend to be influenced by the low sense of confidence,the feel of shame and inferiority.However,evidence shows that many students with higher level of language proficiency also are silent in the foreign language classroom.They seldom take turns to make a contribution to the speech in the classroom.This essay shows great interests in the relationship between EFL learners’language anxiety and turn-taking patterns.Particularly,this essay will explore the several turn-taking patterns which can help to foster the flow of classroom talk.These turn-taking patterns will be analyzed in two directions:the teacher-fronted turns exchange and students-centered exchange.This can help EFL teachers to adjust the turn-taking patterns to the classroom teaching to help students get more involvements in the classroom conversation.

Critical analysis on turn-taking organization in English news interview in China

As a special type ofconversation, news interview, its special turn-taking organization founds the basic conversation pattern. This paper tries to explore something hidden behind people turn-taking, i.e., the influence of power, ideology on language use except the cooperation. The researches showed the IR and IE obey the rules of turn-taking system under the Q-A format. In the news interview, the disagreement between interviewees is direct and usually ended by the interviewer with institutional power. And in the process, the influence of the power and ideology on the turn-taking is reflected clearly： The IR with the institutional role, he or she can interrupt or insert their turn-taking to control, direct the talk as intended plan.

On Power Relations in The Little Foxes from the Perspective of Turn-taking Analysis

This paper focuses on discussing the power relations among the Hubbards from the perspective of turn-taking analysis.In it, a lot of work about the quantitative turn-taking analysis has been done. And the mentioned data reflects that there is a close relationship between power and turn-taking.

Pragmatic Strategies of Turn-taking in Class

Conversation is one of the basic forms of daily communication,while the research of turn-taking is the central issue in conversation analysis.In class the pragmatic strategies in turn-taking between teachers and students are the important interaction abilities.The good use of turn-taking helps students express themselves effectively and enhances the interactive communications successfully.

On the Power Relations in If You Are the One from Turn-taking Organization

The power relations in the TV program called If You Are the One will be explored from the perspective of the turns of different speakers on the different positions,such as the host,male guests,female guests and two commentators.Using both quantitative and qualitative methods,the reversion of the program,updated on June 9,2018 on the internet,is sampled.Then,the analyses on respective turns of different speakers are from two main perspectives of the turn-constructional component and turn-allocation component.The results show that the host has more power than others and the role two commentators play in the program is very important.Analyzing the power relations in these conversations of the program helps readers more positively and effectively understand the operation mechanism of this program after reversion.

Turn-Taking Modelinthe Chinese Recruitment Reality show——Belong to You

Based on the theories of conversational analysis proposed by Sacks et al,this paper chooses excerpts of candidates' interview from the Chinese recruitment reality TV show Belong to You in Tianjin TV. Through analyzing the excerpt, how the rules of turn-taking are applied in this program will be demonstrated. And the features of turn-taking strategies used by the host,candidates and bosses will be concluded.

Strategies of Turn-Claim in Intense Turn-Taking

Turn-taking is one of the most conspicuous features of spoken interaction.In intense discussions with amounts of turntaking,speakers,especially non-native ones,may find frustrated in keeping or claiming their expressing chances.Through conversation analysis of a group discussion,this essay aims to find out strategies that can help speakers claim their turns in intense conversations.

Temporal adjustment of short calls according to a partner during vocal turn-taking in Japanese macaques

Turn-taking is a common feature in human speech, and is also seen in the communication of other primate species. However, evidenee of turn-taking in vocal exchanges within a short time frame is still scarce in non human primates. This study in vestigated whether dynamic adjustme nt during turn-taking in short calls exists in Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata. We observed exchanges of short calls such as grunts, girneys, and short, low coos during social interactions in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques. We found that the median gap between the turns of two callers was 250 ms. Call intervals varied among individuals, suggesting that call intervals were not fixed among individuals. Solo call intervals were shorter than call intervals interrupted by responses from partn ers (i.e., excha nges) and Ion ger than those between the partner's reply and the reply to that call, indicating that the monkeys did not just repeat calls at certain intervals irrespective of the social situation. The differences in call intervals during exchanged and solo call sequences were explained by the response interval of the partner, suggesting an adjustment of call timing according to the tempo of the part ner's call utterance. These findi ngs suggest that mon keys display dyn amic temporal adjustment in a short time window, which is comparable with turn-taking in human speech.

Turn-taking in A Streetcar Named Desire

Turn-taking is a basic form of organization for conversation and turn-taking ahalysis is one of the approaches which are inclined to be applied to the analysis of dramatic texts.This paper aims at revealing the interaction be- tween,the characters in the play on the basis of turn-taking system.An extract from Scene Nine of A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams is exam- ined.The study shows that turn-taking system is another perspective of effec- tively analyzing the relationship between characters in a play.

The Implication of Conversation Analysis in Oral English Teaching

Learners from the traditional Chinese English Classroom immerse in 'perfect English'.However,the Standard English makes them loose the chance to discover the talking rules behind the language,and leads them into an embarrassed situation,when stating a real talk with a native English speaker.From conversation analysis of a real English conversation,the learner can see how a native speaker reacts in a real conversation,how and when he/she gains the talking turns and how he/she responds to others' speech.Meanwhile,it offers a chance to learn the phenomenon in an ordinary conversations,such overlapping,pause,interruption,disfluency,etc.They make the real conversation not as 'perfect' as it is in the textbook,but they can help the learner to be well prepared for a talk in the real life.

On preferred and dispreferred second turns in interaction

Conversation analysis （CA） is an integral part of the study of language in communication, in which preference organization is an important topic for pragmatic research. This paper makes a study of preferred and dispreferred second turns in naturally occurring interactions to show structurally expected or unexpected responses from the second parts of the adjacent pairs. The study is based on the analysis of examples of people＇s actual conversations. It is concluded that in actual conversations, the speaker may make a preferred or dispreferred answer in either marked or unmarked form according to the speaker＇s intention and conversation circumstances.

A Study of Teachers' Conversational Fillers in Transitional Relevance Point

Based on the theory of conversation, turn,and turn-taking, this paper selects three non-English major college English teachers' English lessons as the research subjects. Through classroom observation, recording, video and transcript, and by using Microsoft Excel2007 to collect and analyze data, this paper focuses on the teachers' conversational fillers in transitional relevance point. This study will contribute significantly to teachers' taking measures to reduce the impacts of negative transfer of mother tongue on natural and fluent communication and improve the quality of communicative language teaching.

Silence in Conversation

Types of communicative behaviors consists of verbal communication and non-verbal communication. It is generally believed that the latter refers to concrete language people use to produce an utterance, while the latter mainly refers to body language as well as silence in a conversation. Silence is another way of communication and is part of a conversation. In different culture, silence may have different representative meanings and intentions, because of the various cultural background of each country or nation in the whole world. From the perspective ofpragmatics, silence plays an important role in a particular situation, and it has its own functions in communication.

How to Carry on A Party Conversation

In today's society,it's necessary for us to carry on a party conversation normally and naturally.Therefore,the hearer should recognize the speaker's communicative intention,and he'd better have a kind of predictability to predict what comes next.It is very important for the hearer to be aware of the TRPs and take over the floor to carry on a party conversation.

A Social-linguistic Analysis on the Excerpts of The Thorn Birds

The TV miniseries of The Thorn Birds reveals abundant language uses which are closely related to many aspects of sociolinguistic areas. The selected excerpts from the transcripts are noteworthy because they are an interesting demonstration of some sociolinguistic terms, which are particularly relevant to the issues explored in the sociolinguistic classes. In this paper, the context of the story will be summarized, followed by a focus on language analysis in terms of turn-taking, address terms, cooperation, register and identity.