Strategic Contracting for Software Upgrade Outsourcing in Industry 4.0

The advent of Industry 4.0 has compelled businesses to adopt digital approaches that combine software toenhance production efficiency. In this rapidly evolving market, software development is an ongoing process thatmust be tailored to meet the dynamic needs of enterprises. However, internal research and development can beprohibitively expensive, driving many enterprises to outsource software development and upgrades to externalservice providers. This paper presents a software upgrade outsourcing model for enterprises and service providersthat accounts for the impact of market fluctuations on software adaptability. To mitigate the risk of adverseselection due to asymmetric information about the service provider’s cost and asymmetric information aboutthe enterprise’s revenues, we propose pay-per-time and revenue-sharing contracts in two distinct informationasymmetry scenarios. These two contracts specify the time and transfer payments for software upgrades. Througha comparative analysis of the optimal solutions under the two contracts and centralized decision-making withfull-information, we examine the characteristics of the solutions under two information asymmetry scenarios andanalyze the incentive effects of the two contracts on the various stakeholders. Overall, our study offers valuableinsights for firms seeking to optimize their outsourcing strategies and maximize their returns on investment insoftware upgrades.

Residual fluoride self-activated effect enabling upgraded utilization of recycled graphite anode

Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.

Can Digital Village Construction Help Upgrade Rural Household Consumption?An Empirical Examination Based on China’s Rural Household Survey Data

Digital village construction opens a new vista for fulfilling consumption capabilities and optimizing consumption patterns in rural areas.For this research,we used the microdata on rural households from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)to conduct an empirical examination of the impact of digital village construction on the upgrading of rural household consumption and its possible influence mechanisms in the endogenous switching regression(ESR)model.Our research findings can be summarized in three points.First,digital village construction has significantly contributed positive contributions to the improvements and upgrading of rural household consumption.Second,digital village construction can help upgrade rural household consumption by increasing their participation in online shopping and expanding online shopping channels.Third,digital village construction means different things to rural households at different levels of risk exposure,with its facilitation to consumption upgrades in proportion to income risks facing rural households.Our research findings,which came from an extensive,in-depth exploration of the factors influencing rural household consumption,are of practical significance and policy value to the stimulating and fulfilling of consumption potentials among rural households.

A Study on English Majors' Abilities to Transmit Chinese Culture in English at Newly Upgraded Universities

The transmitting of Chinese culture in the intercultural communication is of great importance for English learners in China.English majors at newly upgraded universities are weak in their abilities to express Chinese culture in English and transmit Chinese culture.To find measures for the problems,some necessary changes in the syllabus,textbooks,testing and curriculum are suggested,compiling of a dictionary for the standard of Chinese culture items in English is discussed,and the roles of teachers,students and English Corner in the cultivation of the abilities of English majors' to express Chinese culture in English at newly upgraded universities are analyzed.

Intra-beam scattering and beam lifetime in a candidate lattice of the soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring for the upgraded SSRF

New-generation synchrotron light sources are being designed and operated worldwide to provide brighter radiation by reducing the beam emittance to X-ray diffraction limits.Intra-beam scattering(IBS)and Touschek scattering in such facilities are significant and require attention because of their ultra-low emittance.Therefore,cure strategies need to be carefully studied to obtain highquality photon beams.For the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Upgrade(SSRF-U),a candidate lattice of the storage ring,reaching the soft X-ray diffraction limit,was designed and presented for the first time in this study.The emittance growth and beam lifetime in the SSRF-U storage ring were studied using particle simulations for a series of different machine configurations.The gains with RF frequencies of 100 MHz and 500 MHz were compared.Along with a better filling pattern,a more suitable RF frequency was adopted in the SSRF-U.The variations in the equilibrium beam emittance with beam coupling and bunch-lengthening were identified using simulations.Optimal beam coupling and required bunch-lengthening for the SSRF-U storage ring were thus determined.The fitness of the beam energy in the SSRF-U was subsequently assessed using the obtained parameters.Additionally,the Touschek scattering and beam lifetime were calculated,and an acceptable total beam lifetime was obtained.

Research on the Impact of Chinese Digital Inclusive Finance on Industrial Structure Upgrade—Based on Spatial Dubin Model

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2011 to 2018, this paper uses the digital inclusive financial index and industrial structure upgrading coefficient of the Internet Research Center of Peking University as the core explanatory and explained variables to construct a spatial panel. Bin model performs regression analysis on the effect of digital inclusive finance in the upgrading of industrial structure. The results prove that the development of digital inclusive finance in this province and city has significantly promoted the upgrading of the regional industrial structure, and it has a positive overall effect on the upgrading of industrial structure.

The Improved Design of Multi-channel Thin Gap Chamber Simulation Signal Source for the ATLAS Detector Upgrade

We develop an improved design of thin gap chamber （TGC） simulation signal source. To further simulate the feature of TGC detector, a novel thought is proposed. The TGC source has 256 channels. Every channel can randomly output the signal in 25 ns. The design is based on true random number generator （TRNG）. Considering the electrical connection between the TGC source and the developing trigger electronics, the GFZ connector is used. The experimental results show that the improved TGC simulation signal source can uniformly output the random signal in every channel. The output noise is less than 3 mVrms.

Double 11 Witnesses An Upgrade of Consumption

At 00:00 on November 12th,2019,2019’s Double 11shopping festival ended,and various e-commerce platforms broke their sales records.Tmall made RMB 10 billion worth of sales in1 minute and 36 seconds,nearly half a minute less than last year.JD had a cumulative order amount topping RMB131.3 billion in ten full days between November 1st and November 10th.

Efficiency Upgrade in PWRs

Most of the light water reactor power plants now operating or under construction use pressurized-water reactor (PWR). They are suffering of relatively low thermal efficiency which is around 33%. This would not only have a negative impact economically but also incurs environmental burden in terms of thermal pollution. In this paper, nuclear steam supply system of a typical PWR has been taken into consideration using 1000 MWe Bushehr nuclear power plant (BNPP) data. It is shown thermal efficiency could conceivably be increased by superheating live steam with natural gas up to around 40%, competing with similar fossil-fueled power plants. It is further shown that fuel cost (natural gas) as low as 0.12 Cent/MWe, extra power generated is feasible.

Four-Rod RFQ Beam Dynamics Design of PKUNIFTY Upgrade

The Peking University neutron imaging facility (PKUNIFTY), an RFQ-based neutron source, aims at developing industrial applications. During the past 3 y operation, some problems have appeared, such as RF sparking for the RFQ high power operation, full power level instability of RF transmitter, and the misalignment of RFQ electrodes assembling and deformation. The PKUNIFTY upgrade endeavors to adopt a modest inter-voltage beam dynamics design. The new beam dynamics design of 201.5MHz RFQ of PKUNIFTY, which accelerates 35mA of D+ from 50 keV to 2.0MeV at 10% duty factor, is performed. The averaged D+ beam will be about 3 mA. The source will deliver a fast neutron yield of 2.5x10(12) n/s via the deuteron-beryllium reaction, which is about 10 times higher than the current status.

Efficient solutions for hot-rolling mill modernizations and upgrades

The recent steel boom was characterized by a steep increase in world wide hot-rolling capacity.Still new hot-rolling mills are scheduled to start production during the coming years.Existing plants,which may be in operation since decades,have to compete with brand-new equipment and technology in terms of product quality and production efficiency.SMS Siemag have developed and successfully applied overall modernization concepts for hot-rolling mills as well as well-defined upgrade packages dedicated particularly to the improvement of product quality and the enlargement of product range.This paper describes the general methods of how SMS Siemag approaches hot-rolling mill modernization projects for maximum customer benefit and describes examples for overall modernization concepts as well as for powerful upgrade packages which have been put into operation during the recent years.

The Upgraded CIFTIS As A Platform for Global Service Trade

The 2019 CIFTIS(China International Fair for Trade in Service)themed on 'openness,innovation,wisdom and integration' has recently closed down in Beijing.This year CIFTIS has been upgraded to national exhibition and witnessed the signing of 440 project contracts with the total contract value of USD 105.06billion,a record high in the event history.There are 134 projects in foreign countries with total contract value of USD 17.55 billion.

Upgrade and Optimization Scheme:GSM Intelligent Network to Destination Network

The networking of intelligent networks involves overlay network and destination network.Destination network triggers intelligent services by the CAMEL Subscription Information(CSI),and it has broader applications than overlay network.Upgrade from existing network to destination network requires a multitude of preparations and tests.Cities and provinces upgrade their networks from the aspects of Service Control Point(SCP),Home Location Register(HLR),Mobile Switching Center(MSC),Gateway Mobile Switching Center(GMSC)and subsciption information through different processes.In order to fully realize the destination network after upgrading the accounting systems,the bill collection have to be rebuilt while the value-added services have to be upgraded.However,many difficulties,such as the Originating-CAMEL Subscription Information(O-CSI),the Terminating-CAMEL Subscription Information(T-CSI),and the special access number optimization,which all needs a particular solution,exist in upgrading.

Industrial Upgrade,Vocational Ability and Migrant Worker Education and Training

Economic structure adjustment,industrial upgrade,and demands of migrant workers for vocational ability are direct driving factors for migrant workers participating in education and training.Personal quality of migrant workers not only concerns their survival and development,but also concerns upgrade of modern industrial structure.From the perspective of industrial upgrade,vocational ability and mechanism of migrant worker education and training,this paper analyzes difficulties in migrant worker education and training.On the basis of the difficulties,it come up with some strategies and recommendations.

Upgraded Poloidal Field Control System for HT-7 Tokamak

This paper reviews how we have designed the upgraded poloidal field control system on HT-7 superconducting Tokmak by applying advanced computer technologies and Multivariable decoupling control theory. This paper emphasizes on designing the method of the control system,including system components and their functions.

“Upgraded” China-ASEAN Expo to Hold Exhibition Tour in ASEAN Countries

During April 2-4,Chinar ASEAN Expo held an exposition in of Bangkok of Thailand,which was the first time for China-ASEAN Expo to hold expositions abroad ever since the beginning of China-ASEAN Expo was held 11 years ago.Since the year of 2004,China-

Upgrade and separation of Co from solution with low-grade Co

Upgrade and separation of Co from solution with low grade Co were studied. In the solution, the content of Co is about 1 g·L -1 , while that of Ni, Zn, Mn, Mg, Si and Ca is 0.145, 1.108, 0.119, 6.672, 0.026 and 0.200 g·L -1 , respectively. After absorbed with absorbent G-1, the content of Co in the solution is less than 1 mg·L -1 , the average loss rate of Co is 0.07%, while the average loss rate of Mg is 67.92%. It is demonstrated that the absorbent has selectivity to absorb Co. After the absorbent was eluted with HCl at room temperature, the solution with higher content of Co was obtained. Through being evaporated and concentrated, the contant of Co in the solution can be upgraded to 26.6 g·L -1 . At the same time, most of Si, Mg is removed, the total recovery of Co can reach as high as 98.7%. The content of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn in the discharge solution is 1.00, 0.26, 0.21, 0.09, 0.15 mg·L -1 , respectively, and the discharge solution can reach the national discharge standard. CoCl 2 solid can be obtained and can reach chemical purity.

Sino-African Cooperation Is Being Upgraded

At present,the breadth,depth and activeness of Sino-African cooperation comes to a level which has never been seen be-fore.Africa not only provides space for the extension of the Belt and Road Initiative,but also provides an important destination for Chinese enterprises"going out".Under the guidance of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum,the economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa has had remarkable results.

6-20 Upgrade Work of HIRFL Power Supply System

As the indispensable component of accelerator, the performance of power supply system is directly related withthe performance of accelerator. In order to obtain a high quality beam and improve the operation efficiency ofHIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou), the upgrade work of the existing equipments is never stopped inthe power supply system. In 2014, the work was mainly focused on improving the performance of CSRe (coolingstorage experimental ring) and RIBLL 2 (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou).

5-19 Upgrade of Control System for SECRAL System

To improve the control efficiency of Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion source (SECRAL) forHeavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), a upgrade version of control system for SECRAL system wasdesigned and set up in September 2014. The control software package is developed by Visual C++, which is ableto control and monitor all of the equipment for the SECRAL system with about 130 parameters. The previousanalog powers are discarded and four digital high powers are used newly at high voltage platform, which containtwo stove powers, a bias voltage power, and a sputter power. Moreover, four servo motors are added newly, whichcontain work gas, support gas, bias voltage, and sputter voltage. Reflecting vacuum value picturesquely, we plot agraph of inject vacuum, elicit vacuum, and beam vacuum against time. In order to prevent the misoperation whichmay cause the quench of the superconducting magnet, alarm and interlock-protection functions are added to thesoftware and hardware. Simultaneously, added stretch buttons are able to void accidental on-click that might bringabout serious outcome.