Can Industrial Structure Upgrading Restrain Industrial Land Expansion?Evidence from China

China has made great achievements in industrial development and is transforming into a powerful manufacturing country.Meanwhile,the industrial land scale is also expanding.However,whether industrial structure upgrading achieves the purpose of restraining industrial land expansion remains unanswered.By calculating the industrial land structure index(ILSI)and industrial land expansion scale(ILES),this study analyzed their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics at both regional and city levels from 2007to 2020 in China.Results show that industrial land expansion presents a different trend in the four regions,the ILES in the eastern region is the largest,and the speed of industrial land expansion has declined since 2013,but it has gradually increased since 2016.The ILSI of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of the western and northeastern regions.Furthermore,a spatial Durbin model(SDM)has been established to estimate the spatial effect of industrial structure upgrading on industrial land expansion from 2007 to2020.Notably,industrial structure upgrading has not slowed industrial land expansion.The eastern and western regions require a greater amount of industrial land while upgrading the industrial structure.The improvement of the infrastructure level and international trade level has promoted industrial land expansion.

Evolution of pore systems in low-maturity oil shales during thermal upgrading--Quantified by dynamic SEM and machine learning

In-situ upgrading by heating is feasible for low-maturity shale oil,where the pore space dynamically evolves.We characterize this response for a heated substrate concurrently imaged by SEM.We systematically follow the evolution of pore quantity,size(length,width and cross-sectional area),orientation,shape(aspect ratio,roundness and solidity)and their anisotropy—interpreted by machine learning.Results indicate that heating generates new pores in both organic matter and inorganic minerals.However,the newly formed pores are smaller than the original pores and thus reduce average lengths and widths of the bedding-parallel pore system.Conversely,the average pore lengths and widths are increased in the bedding-perpendicular direction.Besides,heating increases the cross-sectional area of pores in low-maturity oil shales,where this growth tendency fluctuates at<300℃ but becomes steady at>300℃.In addition,the orientation and shape of the newly-formed heating-induced pores follow the habit of the original pores and follow the initial probability distributions of pore orientation and shape.Herein,limited anisotropy is detected in pore direction and shape,indicating similar modes of evolution both bedding-parallel and bedding-normal.We propose a straightforward but robust model to describe evolution of pore system in low-maturity oil shales during heating.

The effects of population aging on industrial structure upgrading:Empirical analysis of provincial and threshold characteristics in China

Global population aging trends are intensifying,presenting multifaceted economic and social challenges for countries worldwide.As the world’s largest developing country,China has entered a phase of extreme demographic aging,posing significant questions about its impact on the ongoing upgrading of industrial structures.How does this demographic shift influence the upgrading of industrial structures,and does technological innovation mitigate or exacerbate this impact?The empirical results indicate that population aging impedes upgrading the industrial structure,while technological innovation positively affects the relationship between the two.Moreover,using technological innovation as a threshold variable,the impact of population aging on industrial structure upgrading evolves in a“gradient”manner from“impediment”to“insignificant”to“promotion”as the technological innovation levels increase.These findings offer practical guidance for tailoring industrial policies to different stages of technological advancement.

Training Mode of Design Talents under the Concept of Regional Revitalization and Industrial Upgrading

Based on the background of the revitalization of Northeast China and industrial transformation,with the goal of serving society with design,leading the future with design,and revitalizing the economy with design,we adhere to the innovative,comprehensive and cultural design talent cultivation concept,fully practice the“student-centered,output-oriented,continuously-improving”educational philosophy taking quality as the first priority,and continuously improve the theoretical system and implementation path for cultivation of postgraduate talents in design science,hoping to optimize the entire process of talent cultivation.Meanwhile,on the basis of“fostering character and civic virtue,cultivating people in a three-all manner,and cultivating people from five aspects simultaneously”,we cultivate high-quality design talents with brand-new models and ideas,through a series of educational reform measures,such as strategic cooperation,resource integration,systematic sorting,quality improvement,standard formulation,strengthening characteristics,platform construction,so that the quality of talents and social development can be perfectly integrated and mutually assist each other to achieve a win-win effect,and the training of design talents can be implemented and serve the society.

Effect of Property Tax on Optimization and Upgrading of Industrial Structure

China's economic growth and economic development has entered a new stage,and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the core driving force for China to achieve high-quality economic development during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.Property tax has a conductive effect on the upgrading of industrial structure.Therefore,from the perspective of property tax and industrial structure adjustment and the relationship between them,this study summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign scholars.On the basis of the research,the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on improving China's property tax and promoting the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.

Adjustment of Administrative Divisions and Upgrading of Industrial Structure in Hefei Metropolitan Area:Taking"Partitions of Chaohu"as a Quasi-natural Experiment

Administrative regions are an important environment for the operation of China's market economy.The relevant economic subjects cannot predict the policy of adjustment of administrative divisions and carry out conscious migration behavior,adjustment of administrative divisions can be regarded as a quasi-natural experiment.The three cities of Hefei,Wuhu,and Ma'anshan,which are directly related to the adjustment of the administrative division of Chaohu,are taken as the treatment group,and the seven adjacent cities of Lu'an,Huainan,Chuzhou,Bengbu,Anqing,Chizhou,and Tongling are taken as the control group.Differences-in-Differences method and relevant control variables affecting the upgrading of industrial structure are used to test.The test results show that"Partitions of Chaohu"has a significant industrial structure upgrading effect by promoting the optimization of spatial layout,the cross-regional flow of production factors and the effective management of Chaohu Lake Basin.At the same time,the increase of total retail sales of consumer goods,urban fixed assets investment,public utility expenses in science,education,culture and health,and population plays a significant positive role in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure,while foreign direct investment plays a certain inhibition role in the upgrading of industrial structure.In order to meet the ever-developing space demands and enhance the impact on surrounding areas,the Hefei metropolitan area should be driven by technological innovation,strengthen the integration of industrial chains,improve the business environment and transportation network,and continuously promote the upgrading of industrial structure and the formation and development of new productive forces.

Exploring the Element Integration of Urban and Rural“Space of Flows”in the Context of Consumption Upgrading:A Case Study of Changsi Village in Anhui Province

The mobility and interaction between urban and rural areas are becoming more and more intensive,and their links and exchanges are increasingly closer due to constant flow of factors such as information,capital,personnel and technology.In this context,the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”can promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas,improve the consumption environment and experience,and promote the industrial upgrading and technological progress.To realize the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”,it is necessary to explore and innovate in infrastructure construction,information technology application,industrial cooperation and cultural exchanges.Government departments,enterprises and social organizations also need to work together to give play to their respective advantages and jointly promote the process of element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”.

Blazing a New Trail For Manufacturing In Zhongshan,the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries has fostered new quality productive forces

Zhongshan,in south China’s Guangdong Province,was once known as one of the“Four Little Tigers of Guangdong”due to a high level of development of traditional industries such as decorative lighting,home appliances,and garments.In recent years,the city has attracted more attention thanks to both its industrial upgrading and its famous brands performing in the international market.Today,the added value of Zhongshan’s manufacturing industry accounts for more than 44 percent of its GDP,and the city ranks fifth in the province in the number of industrial enterprises of designated size(enterprises with a turnover exceeding RMB20 million per annum).

Investigating the Influence of Digital Economy Growth on Industrial Structural Optimization and Upgrading

With the rapid development of the social economy,science and technology continue to upgrade and optimize,ushering in the digital era,which provides technical support for industrial innovation and development across all sectors.At this stage,vigorously developing the digital economy has gradually become the only means to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure.Therefore,local leaders and relevant departments need to enhance the importance of constructing the digital economy,enabling the local industrial structure to be optimized and upgraded under the impetus of the digital economy,ultimately promoting overall economic high-quality development.To this end,this paper,combined with existing research results,first elaborates on the positive impact of the digital economy on the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.It then analyzes the challenges hindering the process of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and proposes practical pathways to address them,benefiting relevant stakeholders.

Analysis of Roadbed Pavement Designs for Highway Reconstruction and Upgrading

This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.

Research on the Digital Economy,Technological Innovation,and Transformation and Upgrading of the Manufacturing Industry in Shandong Province

Based on panel data from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022,and grounded in theoretical analysis,this paper constructs a benchmark regression model,a mediating effect model,and a heterogeneity test for empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)the digital economy has a significant positive effect on promoting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province;(2)the digital economy can drive the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through technological innovation;and(3)the impact of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province is evidently heterogeneous.

Upgrading Pathways of Intelligent Manufacturing in China:Transitioning across Technological Paradigms

Intelligent technologies are leading to the next wave of industrial revolution in manufacturing.In developed economies,firms are embracing these advanced technologies following a sequential upgrading strategy-from digital manufacturing to smart manufacturing(digital-networked),and then to newgeneration intelligent manufacturing paradigms.However,Chinese firms face a different scenario.On the one hand,they have diverse technological bases that vary from low-end electrified machinery to leading-edge digital-network technologies;thus,they may not follow an identical upgrading pathway.On the other hand,Chinese firms aim to rapidly catch up and transition from technology followers to probable frontrunners;thus,the turbulences in the transitioning phase may trigger a precious opportunity for leapfrogging,if Chinese manufacturers can swiftly acquire domain expertise through the adoption of intelligent manufacturing technologies.This study addresses the following question by conducting multiple case studies:Can Chinese firms upgrade intelligent manufacturing through different pathways than the sequential one followed in developed economies?The data sources include semistructured interviews and archival data.This study finds that Chinese manufacturing firms have a variety of pathways to transition across the three technological paradigms of intelligent manufacturing in nonconsecutive ways.This finding implies that Chinese firms may strategize their own upgrading pathways toward intelligent manufacturing according to their capabilities and industrial specifics;furthermore,this finding can be extended to other catching-up economies.This paper provides a strategic roadmap as an explanatory guide to manufacturing firms,policymakers,and investors.

Aqueous-phase catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived catalysts:Model reaction for upgrading of bio-oil

A series of Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a(Cu+Mg)/Al mole ratio of 3 and varied Cu/Mg mole ratio(from 0.07 to 0.30) were prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, then they were introduced to the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous-phase. Effects of Cu/Mg mole ratio, reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure, reaction time and catalyst amount on the conversion rate of furfural as well as the selectivity toward desired product cyclopentanol were systematically investigated. The conversion of furfural over calcined hydrotalcite catalyst with a Cu/Mg mole ratio of 0.2 was up to 98.5% when the reaction was carried out under 140 ?C and the initial hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa for 10 h, while the selectivity toward cyclopentanol was up to 94.8%. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD diffraction of all the samples showed characteristic pattern of hydrotalcite with varied peak intensity as a result of different Cu content. The catalytic activity was improved gradually with the increase of Cu component in the hydrotalcite.

A History of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Upgrading at BP-from Catalyst Screening Studies to Full Scale Demonstration in Alaska

Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated micro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the performance selection. Variation in catalyst composition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating temperature are a few of the parameters studied. Product selection and maximizing diesel yield combined with stability （catalyst life） were the ultimate drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under commercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day demonstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their combustion characteristics.

Catalytic conversion of guaiacol to alcohols for bio-oil upgrading

Guaiacol was chosen to represent O-containing chemicals with lower effective hydrogen carbon ratio（H/Ceff factor） in bio-oil,and the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was investigated over non-precious and nonsulfided catalysts. Effects of metal composition,reaction temperature,and hydrogen pressure on conversion and selectivity were investigated systematically. Among various compositions of catalysts,Ni Co/CNT exhibited best performance of guaiacol conversion with higher selectivity towards desired alcohols with higher H/Cefffactor. The reaction pathways of guaiacol in aqueous were proposed based on the product analyzed.Results show that metal composition and temperature have great effects on the conversion of guaiacol and the yields of desired products.

Research on the threshold effect of population aging on the industrial structure upgrading in China

This paper constructs coefficients of the integral and the internal structure upgrading in the secondary and tertiary industries, selects per capita real gross domestic product as a threshold variable and build panel threshold model according to inter-provincial panel data of China from 1998 to 2016. Results indicated that population aging has a double threshold effect on the integral industrial structure upgrading, whose influence increases first and then decreases, significantly promoting the upgrading process. As for internal structure, population aging has no significant threshold effect on the upgrading in the secondary industry, but exerts a single negative threshold effect in the tertiary industry. When economic development is under the threshold, its negative impact is greater. Further analysis also suggests that regional differences exist significantly in the threshold effect of population aging on the industrial structure upgrading.

How do energy policies affect industrial green development in China:Renewable energy,energy conservation,or industrial upgrading?

The industrial sector has accounted for approximately 70%of China's total energy consumption over the past 30 years.Achieving green development is thus an important strategic goal of the Chinese industrial sector.The Chinese government has adopted various energy policies to facilitate industrial green development.Due to their different goals,these policies may have different impacts on the promotion of green development in the industrial sector.Using panel data on 31 provinces from 2007 to 2014,we examine the effects of three types of energy policies—renewable energy,energy conservation,and industrial upgrading—on industrial green development in China,measured using reduced energy intensity.Our empirical findings suggest that all three types facilitate industrial green development.However,effectiveness varies by policy type and region.Renewable energy and energy conservation policies have stronger impacts than policies aiming at upgrading traditional fossil fuel industries.Moreover,it takes longer for the effectiveness of industrial upgrading policies to be manifested,compared with the other two types.We discuss the implications of these empirical findings for future policymaking in promoting industrial green development.

Biogas upgrading technologies: Energetic analysis and environmental impact assessment

Biogas upgrading for removing CO2 and other trace components from raw biogas is a necessary step before the biogas to be used as a vehicle fuel or supplied to the natural gas grid. In this work, three technologies for biogas upgrading, i.e., pressured water scrubbing(PWS), monoethanolamine aqueous scrubbing(MAS) and ionic liquid scrubbing(ILS), are studied and assessed in terms of their energy consumption and environmental impacts with the process simulation and green degree method. A non-random-two-liquid and Henry's law property method for a CO2 separation system with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) is established and verified with experimental data. The assessment results indicate that the specific energy consumption of ILS and PWS is almost the same and much less than that of MAS. High purity CO2 product can be obtained by MAS and ILS methods, whereas no pure CO2 is recovered with the PWS. For the environmental aspect, ILS has the highest green degree production value, while MAS and PWS produce serious environmental impacts.

Intelligent Transformation and Upgrading of Oil Refining & Petrochemical Industries in China:Investigation & Application

The oil refining and petrochemical industry in China has made great achievements after decades of development, and its capacity has already ranked second in the world. However, the refining industry is suffering some challenges, such as severe overcapacity at present, and has entered a new economic normal, in which the technological progress develops rapidly, the demand for green and low-carbon development is stricter, the market competition is increasingly fiercer and the profit margins are gradually narrowing. In such a situation, informatization and its new technologies are driving the significant reforming of manufacturing patterns, marketing patterns, management and decision-making patterns. Intelligent development is the inevitable choice for the transformation and upgrading of oil refining and petrochemical industry. It is suggested that the intelligent evaluating model and method should be adopted to enterprise’s intelligentializing transformation and upgrading by laying a solid foundation of digital refinery and implemenation of digital upgrading.

In situ catalytic upgrading of heavy crude oil through low-temperature oxidation

The low-temperature catalytic oxidation of heavy crude oil（Xinjiang Oilfield,China） was studied using three types of catalysts including oil-soluble,watersoluble,and dispersed catalysts.According to primary screening,oil-soluble catalysts,copper naphthenate and manganese naphthenate,are more attractive,and were selected to further investigate their catalytic performance in in situ upgrading of heavy oil.The heavy oil compositions and molecular structures were characterized by column chromatography,elemental analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry before and after reaction.An Arrhenius kinetics model was introduced to calculate the rheological activation energy of heavy oil from the viscosity-temperature characteristics.Results show that the two oil-soluble catalysts can crack part of heavy components into light components,decrease the heteroatom content,and achieve the transition of reaction mode from oxygen addition to bond scission.The calculated rheological activation energy of heavy oil from the fitted Arrhenius model is consistent with physical properties of heavy oil（oil viscosity and contents of heavy fractions）.It is found that the temperature,oil composition,and internal molecular structures are the main factors affecting its flow ability.Oil-soluble catalyst-assisted air injection or air huff-n-puff injection is a promising in situ catalytic upgrading method for improving heavy oil recovery.