Effects of Different Diuretics on Water Drinking Amount, Urination Volume and Related Blood Indices of Sheep Fed with Cottonseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted. Five two-year-old male Kazak sheep about 40 kg which never had intake of the feeds containing gossypol were selected. The experiment was divided into five periods, namely the control period, a period with the supplement of 300 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 200 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 350 mg of GY-01 and a period with the supplement of 200 mg of GY-01. The sheep were fed with the concentrate and the cottonseed hulls in the control period, and corresponding diuretics were supplemented in the rest four periods. The water drinking amount, urination volume and the contents of the hormone and ion in the blood were determined in each period. [Result] After 350 mg GY-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period, with the significant difference （P 0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P 0.05） and 39.39% （P 0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period. [Conclusion] The diet with supplement of GY-01 can increase the urination volume of livestock fed with the cottonseed hulls, and the most appropriate supplement amount is 200 mg GY-01.

The effects of application of an ancient type of acupuncture needle on increase in urination of hospitalized oldest-old people

The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back to more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously and is considered to be safe for common use, even at the bedside of terminally ill patients. In this case study, DZ application was selected and applied 14 times on a 92-year-old patient who had suffered severe oliguria along with administration of diuretics. Urine volume increased 12 out of 14 times following DZ treatment;however, the other two times it was ineffective. To investigate the reason and the differences in effective/ineffective DZ application, two internal conditions (effective vs ineffective) were compared by analyzing daily nursing reports (vital signs such as blood pressure, urine volume and body temperature) and weekly clinical data (including renal, liver and immune function, urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, AST, the ratio and number of leukocytes, erythrocytes). DZ application increased urine volume via a transient modification of the autonomic nervous system when internal homeostasis was maintained. Aging populations, who often have several diseases and medications, are rapidly increasing in developed countries. Therefore, the study and application of DZ may contribute to a reduction in medical costs, which have been rapidly and heavily expanding recently.

Clinical Observation on 50 Cases with Child Neuro Frequent Urination Treated by Acupuncture

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The effect of complete and incomplete Pelvic Autonomic nerves Preservation on Urination Function in Patient With Resection of Rectal Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post-operative residual urine volume （RUV） in patient undergoing complete PANP （n = 15） and incomplete PANP （n = 17） were observed. Results： In fifteen cases with complete PANP, preoperative RUV was 4.09 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 8.00 ml and 7.02 ml （P 〉 0.05）. In seventeen cases with incomplete PANP, preoperative RUV was 3.90 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 36.55 ml and 22.64 ml （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic preservation may affect urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma and RUV is an effective indicator if the pelvic autonomic nerves are preserved completely.

WHAT POINTS SHOULD BE PAID ATTENTION TO IN THE TCM DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF SENILE PATIENTS WITH FREQUENT URINATION?

Frequent urination is a commonlyseen symptom in our clinical practice. The degrees of severity may be different as to the various chief complaints presented by patients such as frequent urination, oliguria, emergent urination, dysuria and vesical tenesmus etc. Among the young and middle-aged patients, it is mostly seen in female urinary tract infection, which is gen-

Multivariate Analysis of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence and Establishment of a Prediction Model

Stress urinary incontinence(SUI)is a symptom of uncontrolled urine outflow that affects millions of women worldwide[1].SUI is a significant healthcare issue that affects the quality of life of women across numerous domains,including social activities,physical health,mental well-being,employment,and sexual life.

Thyroid Nodule Prevalence and Iodine Nutrition:Influencing Factors in Coastal Areas

Iodine is an essential trace element for human health.The thyroid gland uses iodine for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Most iodine comes from food and drinking water,and approximately 85%is excreted through the urine.Therefore,urinary iodine content is an important indicator for judging the iodine nutrition level of a population[1].A thyroid nodule is a discrete mass resulting from the abnormal proliferation of thyroid cells.Iodine deficiency in the general population has dramatically diminished after implementing universal salt iodization(USI)policies.However,the incidence of thyroid nodules has been reported to be increasing following the implementation of USI,leading some to question the plausibility of USI.This data from Zhao et al.

Could natural phytochemicals be used to reduce nitrogen excretion and excreta‑derived N_(2)O emissions from ruminants?

Ruminants play a critical role in our food system by converting plant biomass that humans cannot or choose not to consume into edible high-quality food.However,ruminant excreta is a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a potent greenhouse gas with a long-term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide.Natural phytochemicals or forages containing phytochemicals have shown the potential to improve the efficiency of nitrogen(N)utilization and decrease N_(2)O emissions from the excreta of ruminants.Dietary inclusion of tannins can shift more of the excreted N to the feces,alter the urinary N composition and consequently reduce N_(2)O emissions from excreta.Essential oils or saponins could inhibit rumen ammonia production and decrease urinary N excretion.In grazed pastures,large amounts of glucosinolates or aucubin can be introduced into pasture soils when animals consume plants rich in these compounds and then excrete them or their metabolites in the urine or feces.If inhibitory compounds are excreted in the urine,they would be directly applied to the urine patch to reduce nitrification and subsequent N_(2)O emissions.The phytochemicals’role in sustainable ruminant production is undeniable,but much uncertainty remains.Inconsistency,transient effects,and adverse effects limit the effectiveness of these phytochemicals for reducing N losses.In this review,we will identify some current phytochemicals found in feed that have the potential to manipulate ruminant N excretion or mitigate N_(2)O production and deliberate the challenges and opportunities associated with using phytochemicals or forages rich in phytochemicals as dietary strategies for reducing N excretion and excreta-derived N_(2)O emissions.

Learning Discriminatory Information for Object Detection on Urine Sediment Image

In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,diagnosis and evaluation of kidney and urinary tract disease,providing insight into the specific type and severity.However,manual urine sediment examination is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and subjective.Traditional machine learning based object detection methods require hand-crafted features for localization and classification,which have poor generalization capabilities and are difficult to quickly and accurately detect the number of urine sediments.Deep learning based object detection methods have the potential to address the challenges mentioned above,but these methods require access to large urine sediment image datasets.Unfortunately,only a limited number of publicly available urine sediment datasets are currently available.To alleviate the lack of urine sediment datasets in medical image analysis,we propose a new dataset named UriSed2K,which contains 2465 high-quality images annotated with expert guidance.Two main challenges are associated with our dataset:a large number of small objects and the occlusion between these small objects.Our manuscript focuses on applying deep learning object detection methods to the urine sediment dataset and addressing the challenges presented by this dataset.Specifically,our goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the detection algorithm and,in doing so,provide medical professionals with an automatic detector that saves time and effort.We propose an improved lightweight one-stage object detection algorithm called Discriminatory-YOLO.The proposed algorithm comprises a local context attention module and a global background suppression module,which aid the detector in distinguishing urine sediment features in the image.The local context attention module captures context information beyond the object region,while the global background suppression module emphasizes objects in uninformative backgrounds.We comprehensively evaluate our method on the UriSed2K dataset,which includes seven categories of urine sediments,such as erythrocytes(red blood cells),leukocytes(white blood cells),epithelial cells,crystals,mycetes,broken erythrocytes,and broken leukocytes,achieving the best average precision(AP)of 95.3%while taking only 10 ms per image.The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/binghuiwu98/discriminatoryyolov5.

Measurement of very low-molecular weight metabolites by traveling wave ion mobility and its use in human urine samples

The collision cross-sections(CCS)measurement using ion mobility spectrometry(IMS)in combination with mass spectrometry(MS)offers a great opportunity to increase confidence in metabolite identification.However,owing to the lack of sensitivity and resolution,IMS has an analytical challenge in studying the CCS values of very low-molecular-weight metabolites(VLMs250 Da).Here,we describe an analytical method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)coupled to a traveling wave ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer optimized for the measurement of VLMs in human urine samples.The experimental CCS values,along with mass spectral properties,were reported for the 174 metabolites.The experimental data included the mass-to-charge ratio(m/z),retention time(RT),tandem MS(MS/MS)spectra,and CCS values.Among the studied metabolites,263 traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry(TWIMS)-derived CCS values(TWCCSN2)were reported for the first time,and more than 70%of these were CCS values of VLMs.The TWCCSN2 values were highly repeatable,with inter-day variations of<1%relative standard deviation(RSD).The developed method revealed excellent TWCCSN2 accuracy with a CCS difference(DCCS)within±2%of the reported drift tube IMS(DTIMS)and TWIMS CCS values.The complexity of the urine matrix did not affect the precision of the method,as evidenced by DCCS within±1.92%.According to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative,55 urinary metabolites were identified with a confidence level of 1.Among these 55 metabolites,53(96%)were VLMs.The larger number of confirmed compounds found in this study was a result of the addition of TWCCSN2 values,which clearly increased metabolite identification confidence.

Metabolic dynamics in chronic gastritis:Examining urinary profiles post Helicobacter pylori eradication

Chronic gastritis is the persistent and insidious inflammation of the gastric lining.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)has been identified as the most common cause of chronic gastritis and consequently elimination of H.pylori can lead to its cure.This editorial explores the use of urinary metabolic profiles before and after eradication to identify biomarkers that can aid in prognosis and treatment.Despite providing promising insights,there are limitations such as a small sample size(17 patients),a narrow treatment period of 2 wk,and treatment heterogeneity,which raise concerns.Nevertheless,these findings have opened a gateway to enhancing the treatment and prognosis of chronic gastritis through urinary metabolomics.

Landscape of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer:molecular function,cell-of-origin,and bibliometric trend

Background:The effective management of bladder cancer(BCa)depends on the early diagnosis and surveillance.Previous studies have explored numerous urinary molecules as potential biomarkers of BCa.However,the molecular functions and cell-of-origin profiles of these biomarkers are yet to be elucidated.In this study,we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of urinary biomarker genes for BCa.Methods:We conducted an exhaustive literature search in PubMed,through which 555 biomarker genes were identified.We then analyzed the BCa single-cell atlas to infer the cellular origin of these BCa urine biomarker genes and performed functional enrichment analysis to gain insights into the functional molecular implications of these biomarkers.Results:These genes are involved in tumor proliferation,angiogenesis,cellmigration,and cell death and are predominantly expressed in epithelial and stromal cells.Interestingly,our analysis ofmultiomics tumor data revealed a discordance between tissue and urine in terms of differential methylation and RNA expression,suggesting that biomarker discovery for liquid biopsies should ideally begin with the analysis of bodily fluids rather than relying interest and that test strategies incorporating multiple molecular markers represent an ongoing trend.Conclusions:Collectively,our study has built a landscape of BCa urine biomarker genes,uncovered molecular insights into these biomarkers,and revealed the bibliometric trends in this field,which will contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers in the future.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Urinary Tract Pathogens, with Molecular Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp., Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resistance necessitates updating diagnostic techniques to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity, especially with advancements in science and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and antibiotic resistance profiles through urine culture, as well as to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp. in urine samples using a molecular approach with multiplex real-time PCR. From May 3 to July 25, 2023, at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) and Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), 209 urine samples collected from patients with suspected UTIs were analyzed using both urine culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Among the 209 patients, 52.15% were male and 47.85% female, with an average age of 46.87 ± 21.33 years. Urine cultures revealed an overall UTI prevalence of 23.44%, with a prevalence of 8.13% in men versus 15.31% in women (P = 0.023). The bacterial prevalence rates were as follows: Escherichia coli (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (7.18%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.96%), and other bacteria. Klebsiella spp. demonstrated 100% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, while Escherichia coli showed 96.2% and 65.4% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, respectively. PCR analysis of the target bacteria revealed mono-infection prevalence rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.39%), Klebsiella oxytoca (7.79%), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.79%), along with a co-infection prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae/Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). This study demonstrated that PCR, with its high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively distinguish Klebsiella pneumoniae from Klebsiella oxytoca and detect Acinetobacter spp. in less than 24 hours—something urine culture alone could not achieve. The relative ease of automating urine PCR testing, combined with its diagnostic accuracy and rapid turnaround time, makes it a valuable addition to modern medical practice for the laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.

Study of the Optimal Conditions for Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung in Households in Cote d’Ivoire

This paper investigates the optimal conditions for methanisation applied to cow dung. Four experimental 25 liters digesters were used in this work. The best biogas yield is obtained when the digester is installed in a metal box and exposed to sunlight. The temperature in this digester varied between 25˚C and 37˚C. The dry matter content of the collected cow dung was 15.5%. The digester was fed with 9 kg of cow dung mixed with 8.5 litres of water, one litre of cassava effluent and 200 ml of human urine. After a retention period of 22 days, the biogas obtained was 67% methane and 21% carbon dioxide. The use of human urine and cassava effluent improved the quality of the biogas.

Metabolic phenotyping in health and disease

Analyzing metabolites(small molecules<1 kDa)in body fluids such as urine and plasma using various spectroscopic methods provides information on the metabotype(metabolic phenotype)of individuals or populations,information that can be applied to personalized medicine or public healthcare.

Swallowing Difficulties,Oral Symptoms,and Nutrition in Long-Term Care Elderly Residents-A Secondary Publication

Oral health is often impaired in people living in residential care.In older people,poor oral health is associated with functional deficits,multiple sclerosis,and memory disorders.Keeping one’s teeth healthy throughout life would promote both oral health and general health.Biting and swallowing problems in older people are also linked to oral health,limiting eating activities and requiring diet changes to softer foods that are easy to chew and swallow.This may limit dietary diversity and adequate nutrient intake.Although eating-related chewing and swallowing problems are common in institutionalized residents,they are often addressed too late,when the resident is already malnourished.Nutrition in nursing and retirement homes has been the subject of various studies since the 2000s.However,studies on swallowing and chewing difficulties are scarce and their link to adequate nutrient intake has received lesser attention[6,7].

Urological Complications of Female Genital Mutilation: A Case Report of 15 Patients

Objective background: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and therapeutic aspects of urological complications of female genital mutilation in the urology department of Bamako’s Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Methods: Our study took place from 2002 to 2017 in the urology department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako and concerned cases of complications of female genital mutilation. Our study included all girls or women presenting with urinary disorders related to complications of genital mutilation and received in urological consultation and surgical management. Results: The average age of our patients was 2.5 years, with extremes ranging from 3 months to 35 years. The oldest patient had presented with dystocia during both deliveries. Acute urine retention (n = 7) was the most frequent reason for consultation. Other signs included urinary incontinence, pollakiuria and burning. Physical examination revealed clitoridectomy and abrasion of the labia minora in 13 patients. Type III of the WHO classification of female genital mutilation was the most frequent and corresponded to infibulation.

Investigation of Urination Disorder in Parkinson＇s Disease

Background： Urination disorders are common in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and respond poorly to medication. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for urination disorders in PD. Methods： Ninety-one patients with PD （aged 34-83 years old） were recruited. Patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale （UPDRS）, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQ1）, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD）, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. Micturition number was recorded, and Type B ultrasound was used to evaluate residual urine. Statistics was performed using binary logistic regression, bivariate correlations, and Chi-square and t-tests. Results： Of 91 patients, urinary dysfunction occurred in 55.0%. Among these, 49.5% suffered with nocturia, 47.3% with pollakiuria. Nocturia number had a positive linear relationship with HAMA score （odds ratio [OR] = 0.340, P = 0.001 ）, HAMD score （OR = 0.323, P = 0.002）, duration of L-dopa medication （OR = 0.328, P = 0.001 ）, dose of L-dopa （OR = 0.273, P = 0.009）, UPDRS-II （OR = 0.402, P = 0.000）, UPDRS-III score （OR = 0.291, P = 0.005）, and PSQI score （OR = 0.249, P = 0.017）. Micturition number over 24 h was positively associated with HAMA （OR = 0.303, P = 0.004） and UPDRS-II scores （OR = 0.306, P = 0.003）. Of patients with residual urine, 79.3% had a volume of residual urine 〈50 ml. Residual urine was present in 44.4% of the patients with nocturia~ 46.5% of the patients with pollakiuria, and 80.0% of the patients with dysuria. More men than women had residual urine （35.2% male vs. 13.3% female; P = 0.002）. Conclusions： Nocturia and pollakiuria were common micturition symptoms in our participants with PD. Nocturia was associated with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and severity of PD. Pollakiuria was associated with anxiety and severity of PD. Male patients were more prone to residual urine and pollakiuria.

Tension urinothorax as a reversible cause of cardiac arrest:a case report

Urinothorax, is the accumulation of urine in the pleural space, and is a rare and unusual condition.[1]Several etiologies are responsible for this, with trauma being the most common,[2] along with, surgical renal procedures(percutaneousnephrolithotomy,PCNL),retroperitoneal inflammation, urinary obstruction and malignancies.[3,4] Massive collections of a urinothorax or a hydrothorax can lead to tension, mediastinal shifts andcardiacarrests. Wedescribeacaseoftension urinothorax that led to cardiac arrest and was resuscitated successfully in the emergency department (ED).

链脲霉素诱导2型糖尿病雄性大鼠核糖与核糖激酶的变化

Dear Editor,Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disorder that impacts multiple organs including brain activity through mechanisms such as glucose toxicity,insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction,and vascular damage^([1-2]).As described by Su and his colleagues^([3])in 2013,type 2 diabetics had abnormally high levels of urine ribose,suggesting that the patients suffered from not only glucose metabolism disorders,but also ribose metabolism disorders^([4]).