Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Intracoronary arterial retrograde thrombolysis with percutaneous coronary intervention: a novel use of thrombolytic to treat acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Clearance of coronary arterial thrombosis is necessary in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is currently no highly-recommended method of thrombus removal during interventional procedures. We describe a new method for opening culprit vessels to treat STEMI: intracoronary arterial retrograde thrombolysis (ICART) with PCI. Methods & Results Eight patients underwent ICART. The guidewire was advanced to the distal coronary artery through the occlusion lesion. Then, we inserted a microcatheter into the distal end of the occluded coronary artery over the guidewire. Urokinase (5–10 wu) mixed with contrast agents was slowly injected into the occluded section of the coronary artery through the microcatheter. The intracoronary thrombus gradually dissolved in 3–17 min, and the effect of thrombolysis was visible in real time. Stents were then implanted according to the characteristics of the recanalized culprit lesion to achieve full revascularization. One patient experienced premature ventricular contraction during vascular revascularization, and no malignant arrhythmias were seen in any patient. No reflow or slow flow was not observed post PCI. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade and myocardial blush grade post-primary PCI was 3 in all eight patients. No patients experienced bleeding or stroke. Conclusions ICART was accurate and effective for treating intracoronary thrombi in patients with STEMI in this preliminary study. ICART was an effective, feasible, and simple approach to the management of STEMI, and no intraprocedural complications occurred in any of the patients. ICART may be a breakthrough in the treatment of acute STEMI.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

胸腔置管向胸腔内注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的观察胸膜腔内置引流管注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸液效果。方法将60例结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者随机分成两组,在规则抗结核治疗基础上,对治疗组患者经内置引流管向胸腔内注射尿激酶10万单位,对照组胸腔内注入异烟肼0.1g及地塞米松5mg作对照。结果治疗组30例中有5例(16.6%)完全吸收,16例大部分吸收,好转9例,无效1例,总有效率96.66%,对照组30例中有0例(0%)完全吸收,4例大部分吸收,好转10例,无效16例,总有效率46.66%,结论通过胸腔内置引流管注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液明显优于传统的注入异烟肼及地塞米松,且减少穿刺次数,减轻患者痛苦,节省费用,付作用小,是一种安全有效的方法。

低分子肝素治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床观察

对 6 7例临床诊断为不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,采用单盲、对照的完全随机化方法 ,分为低分子肝素治疗及小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗组。通过常规心电图和动态心电图 2 4h缺血总负荷及 30d发生心梗的例数和死亡率 ,比较两种治疗方法疗效和安全性。两组治疗在减少心绞痛发作和缺血总负荷方面无统计学差异 ,但溶栓组发生心肌梗塞(AMI) 2例 ,发生出血 5例 (鼻衄 2例、牙龈出血 2例、便血 1例 )。

经皮腔内血管成形术结合药物溶栓治疗动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的疗效观察

目的:探讨超声或放射监测下经皮腔内血管成型术结合药物溶栓治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的效果。方法:选取2014年10月至2017年10月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院动静脉内瘘血管经过物理和影像学检查证实存在血栓形成和血流停滞的患者192例,血栓形成时间一般不超过72 h,排除活动性出血、严重凝血功能障碍等溶栓及手术治疗禁忌患者。在超声或放射监测下,采用尿激酶和肝素等渗氯化钠混合液溶栓,狭窄部位行球囊扩张术,使内瘘血流再通并恢复功能。结果:2014年10月至2017年10月共192例患者施行了274例次内瘘血管急性血栓形成的腔内介入手术,技术成功率为98.2%,临床成功率为93.8%,并发症发生率1.46%。自体动静脉内瘘患者术后3、6、12个月的初级通畅率分别为87.4%、76.7%、63.9%,次级通畅率分别为93.7%、91.6%、83.0%;移植血管动静脉内瘘患者术后3、6、12个月的初级通畅率分别为60.7%、51.5%、43.1%,次级通畅率分别为82.7%、77.1%、70.8%。结论:腔内介入技术结合药物溶栓是治疗动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成安全、有效的方法,能够延长内瘘的使用寿命,保护患者宝贵的血管资源。

超时间窗延迟应用尿激酶对急性脑梗死的临床疗效观察

目的 观察超时间窗延迟应用尿激酶对急性脑梗死的临床观察及可能机制探讨.方法 将发病在6~72 h内304例急性脑梗死（前循环）患者分为治疗组和对照组,其中对照组155例患者采取基础治疗,治疗组149例患者在此基础上采取小剂量尿激酶静脉溶栓,治疗14 d后分别观察2组患者神经功能缺损评分、血液指标及治疗3个月后综合生活能力评估.结果 治疗结束时2组患者NIHSS评分均较治疗前有明显改善,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且治疗组患者NIHSS评分优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组与对照组治疗结束时在全血比粘度（高切）、全血比粘度（低切）、血小板聚集率和纤维蛋白原方面逐渐下降,治疗组改善程度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组患者在3个月后综合生活能力比较方面优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 对于超过溶栓时间窗的急性脑梗死患者,及时的给予小剂量的尿激酶治疗,可以显著改善其预后,此种改善作用的机制可能与对血液相关指标如全血比粘度、纤维蛋白原、血小板聚集率等的抑制相关.

小剂量尿激酶治疗急性脑梗塞83例临床分析

目的:观察小剂量尿激酶治疗发病24h内急性脑梗塞患者的临床疗效,并评价小剂量溶栓药在使用过程中的安全性。方法:急性脑梗塞患者168例,随机分为两组,对照组85例采用常规综合治疗14 d,观察组83例采用小剂量尿激酶(20万U)静脉滴注,连续7 d,其余治疗同对照组,分别于治疗前及治疗后3、7、14 d进行神经功能缺损评分(ESS),并比较两组疗效。结果:观察组治疗后第3天起ESS积分明显升高,对照组升高不明显;治疗1个月后观察组基本痊愈率(56.63%)明显高于对照组(34.12%)(P<0.05),总有效率(90.36%)亦明显高于对照组(71.16%)(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,观察组无1例再梗塞,对照组4例无再梗塞,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:多次小剂量(20万U)尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗疗效优于单纯常规内科综合治疗,且神经功能恢复时间显著缩短,是一种有效、安全的治疗方法,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。

急性脑梗死超早期静脉应用尿激酶冲击治疗可行性研究

目的 研究溶栓治疗效果， 疗效与剂量的关系， 治疗时间窗及并发症。方法 对发病后２４ ｈ 内就诊的９１ 例急性脑梗死患者随机分为对照组２７ 例，给予脑保护剂等常规治疗； 尿激酶（ＵＫ） 治疗者共分３ 组， 即ＵＫ ６×１０５ Ｕ （２４ 例） 组、１６×１０５Ｕ （２９ 例） 组、２６×１０５Ｕ （１１ 例） 组， 并于０．５ ｈ 内静点完。在用药前后不同时期以“ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｓ ｏｆＨｅａｌｔｈ Ｓｔｒｏｋｅ Ｓｃａｌｅ”进行神经功能缺失评分。结果 溶栓治疗组疗效高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。＜ ６ ｈ 治疗者疗效优于６～２４ ｈ 治疗者。６～２４ ｈ 内治疗者优于对照组。不同剂量组间疗效差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。溶栓治疗并发出血机率ＵＫ ２６×１０５Ｕ 组（４５．５％ ） ＞ ＵＫ １６×１０５ Ｕ 组（１７．２％ ） ＞ ＵＫ ６×１０５ Ｕ 组（８．３％ ）， 差异有显著性（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。溶栓治疗组１８．８％ 患者在溶栓治疗２４ ｈ 后出现再次梗死。结论 超早期静脉应用ＵＫ 冲击治疗急性脑梗死是可行的，推荐剂量为ＵＫ ６×１０５ Ｕ， 治疗时间窗为２４

体外超声助溶下肢深静脉血栓的近期疗效及其对凝血和纤溶的影响

目的观察体外治疗性超声联合尿激酶溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的近期临床疗效和对患者凝血纤溶的影响。方法将入选的92例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者随机分为两组:治疗组46例,给予体外超声治疗加药物治疗;对照组46例只给予药物治疗。两组于治疗前及治疗后5d分别测定病人凝血和纤溶指标tpA、PAI-1、D-D及FDP。两组于治疗后14d进行超声检查及临床疗效评定。结果超声治疗组近期疗效与对照组比较有非常显著的差异(u=3.24,P<0.01),两组血管再通率比较有显著的统计学意义(x2=8.94,P<0.01)。治疗组血管再通时间明显缩短(4.5±2.6dvs7.7±3.5d,t=3.63,P<0.01)。两组治疗后D-D及FDP比较也有显著性差异(P<0.01),两组治疗后组内及组间比较tPA及PAI变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论体外超声治疗能加强尿激酶的溶栓效果,促使其纤溶作用,对凝血无影响,可作为DVT的辅助治疗手段。