Bio-Based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention and Antibacterial Properties

This study presents a solvent-free,facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin(MV)using vanillin.The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather,but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene(St).Herein,MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate(BA)to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV-BA)miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization.Subsequently,MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties,were introduced into the P(MV-BA)miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion.During the gradual solidification of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface,MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene,which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria,exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy.In particular,when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%,the surface temperature of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsioncoated leather(PML)increased by about 15℃ in an outdoor environment during winter,and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100%under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min.Moreover,the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability,water vapor permeability,and thermal stability of these coatings.This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel,green,and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather,with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties.It can not only realize zerocarbon heating based on sunlight in winter,reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions,but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria,viruses,and other microorganisms.

Vanillin吸嗅对抑郁模型SD大鼠血清Mg^(2+)的影响

目的探讨嗅质香兰素(Vanillin)吸嗅对SD大鼠抑郁样行为的调节作用及可能的作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠70只,采用CUMS+孤养或嗅球毁损,制备抑郁样模型,符合模型大鼠随机分为Vanillin吸嗅组、氟西汀组、模型组、嗅球毁损+Vanillin吸嗅组及假手术组。评价大鼠干预后各时间点的神经行为学变化及血清Mg2+含量。结果 (Vanillin吸嗅组干预2w后强迫游泳实验时间明显缩短(P<0.05);24h糖水消耗量实验明显增加(P<0.05);5w后旷野实验自主活动次数增加(P<0.05);血清Mg2+含量明显提高(P<0.05)。结论 Vanillin吸嗅可以缓解抑郁模型大鼠的抑郁样行为,其机制可能是提高血清Mg2+含量,通过Mg2+调控HPA轴,影响海马、杏仁核情绪中枢活动,从而达到防治抑郁症的作用。

Vanillin and its derivatives,potential promising antifungal agents,inhibit Aspergillus flavus spores via destroying the integrity of cell membrane rather than cell wall

To study the structure-antifungal activity of vanillin against Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus),the susceptibilities of A.flavus to vanillin and its isomers(o-vanillin,2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde(HMB),2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde)and the possible antifungal mechanisms have been investigated.All the four volatile aldehydes could inhibit the germination of spores,and the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of them were in this order:vanillin(200μg/mL),o-vanillin(100μg/mL),2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(100μg/mL),HMB(70μg/mL).The minimum fungicidal concentrations(MFCs)of them were in this order:vanillin(240μg/mL),o-vanillin(160μg/mL),HMB(140μg/mL),2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(140μg/mL).Spore size was arrested at 0 h with the treatment of the four volatile aldehydes.Effects of the four volatile aldehydes on the cell wall and cell membrane integrity of A flavus were observed by calcofluor white(CW)staining and propidium iodide(PI)staining.The results showed that HMB exerted the strongest antifungal and fungicidal effects on the growth of A.flavus.The four volatile aldehydes had little influence on cell wall integrity after 3-hour treatment,however,they could strongly damage the cell membrane integrity.All the four volatile aldehydes could effectively prevent the growth of A.flavus on peanut seeds.The antifungal mechanisms of the four volatile aldehydes provide theoretical foundations for their development of new antifungal agents.

Synthesis and Purification of Porphyrin-Schiff Base Using Ethyl Vanillin

A novel porphyrin-Schiff base was synthesized via the condensation of 5-（4-aminophenyl） -10,15,20-triphenylperphyrin and ethyl vanillin. After analyzing the level of purification of the perphyrin-Schiff base, it was successfully separated. This perphyrin-Schiff base was characterized by using UV-Vis, IR,^1H NMR and MS spectroscopy.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Kinetic Mechanisms of Thermal Decomposition of Rare Earth Complexes with Schiff Base Derived from o-Vanillin and p-Toluidine

Three complexes, [Pr（NO3）3（HL）2] （1）, [Nd（NO3）3（HL）2] （2） and [Er（NO3）3（HL）2] ·0.5H2O （3）, were synthesized from the reaction of a Schiff base ligand 2-[ （4-methylphenylimino）methyl ]-6-methoxyphenol （C15 H15 NO2, HL） with Ln（NO3）3·6H2O （Ln = Pr, Nd, Er）. Characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique, elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, ^1H NMR and thermal analysis shows the title complexes are neutral molecules where the central Ln（ Ⅲ） ion is ten-coordinated in biapical anti-hexahedron prism geometry, with four oxygen atoms of the phenolic hydroxy and methoxy groups in the two bidentate Schiff base ligands and six oxygen atoms provided by the three bidentate NO3 - anions. Additionally, the kinetic mechanism of thermal decomposition of complex 3 was determined with a TG-DTG curves by both integral and differential methods. The functions of thermal decomposition reaction mechanism and the equation of kinetic compensation effect were obtained.

Isolation and identification of fungi found in contaminated fermented milk and antifungal activity of vanillin

Fungi contamination is an important factor affecting the quality and commercial value of fermented milk.Vanillin is known as a safe and efficient natural antimicrobial additive with great potential value as a food bio-preservative.In this study,the microbiological quality of fermented milk of different brands retailed in China and the antimicrobial activity of vanillin were investigated.A total of 27 fermented milk samples were purchased and evaluated.Fungal isolates obtained were characterized by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region.The effects of vanillin on the growth of fungi were studied by plate dilution method,radical colony diameter,and mycelium biomass.The result showed that 14.8%of the samples were contaminated with three different species of fungi with Cladosporium spp.being the most predominant fungal contaminant.The study further showed that vanillin had significant inhibitory activity against the growth of the fungi species.The cell number,radical colony diameter,and the mycelium biomass of the fungal contaminant were significantly reduced by the inhibitory action of the vanillin.The study thus provides reliable data evidence that will help relevant stakeholders in the fermented milk industries to improve their quality control strategies and consider vanillin as a bio-preservative with the potential to increase the shelf-life and safety of fermented milk.

Syntheses, Characterizations, Crystal Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Two Zinc(II) Complexes with a Schiff Base Derived from o-Vanillin and p-Toluidine

Two new zinc（Ⅱ） complexes, [Zn2L2Ch].2[ZnL（CH3OH）Cl2] 1 and [ZnL2（NO3）2] 2, were synthesized by reacting ZnX2.nH2O （X = Cl^-, NO3^-） and a Schiff base ligand 2-[（4-methylphenylimino）methyl]-6-methoxyphenol （C15HIsNO2, L） which was obtained by the condensation of o-vanillin （2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde） with p-toluidine. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique, elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, IH-NMR spectra and thermogravimetrie analysis. The Schiff base ligand and its zinc（Ⅱ） complexes have been tested in vitro to evaluate their antibacterial activity against bacteria, viz., Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Subtilis. The results show that these complexes have higher activity than the corresponding free Schiff base ligand against the same bacteria.

Crystal Structures of O－Vanillin－semicarbazide and Salicylaldehyde－semicarbazide

o-Vanillin-semicarbazide C_9H_(11) N_3O_3, written simply as cpl, M_r= 209. 21 is a yellow crystal. Cp1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2_1/a with unit cell parameters: a= 6. 596(6) , b=20. 534(6) , c=7. 108(6) , β=99.00(8)°,Z=4, D_c=1. 46 g/cm￣3, V=951 , μ=1. 05cm￣(-1), F(000)=440, R=0. 058, R_w =0. 056. Salicylaldehyde-semicarbazide C_8H_9N_3O_2, written simply as cp2, M_r=179.18 is a colorless crystal. cp2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a= 5.276 (3), b=7. 116(4) , c=24. 286(3), a=86. 72(3) ,β=83. 99(3),γ=68.22(5) °,Z=4 , D_c=1. 41 g/cm￣3, V=841.9,μ=0. 98 cm ￣(-1),F (000)=376, R=0.066,R_w= 0. 067. The dihedral angle between plane 1 formed by benzene ring and plane 2 by N(2) , C(2), N(3), and O(3) is 161.40°for cp1, while the angle between plane 3 made by benzene ring (or benzene ring in the other molecule)and plane 4 by N(2) , C (18) , N(3) and O(3) For N(5),C(28) , O(4) , and N(6)]is 15. 07°(or 15. 15°) for cp2. The temperature of the thermodecomposition of cp1 is higher than that of cp2.

A Vanillin-Derived,DOPO-Contained Bisphenol as a Reactive Flame Retardant for High-Performance Epoxy Thermosets

Quest for bio-based halogen-free green flame retardant has attracted many concerns in recent years.Herein a reactive functional flame retardant containing phosphorus VDP is synthesized from vanillin,9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphophene-10-oxide(DOPO)and phenol via a facile way.VDP is characterized with^(1)H NMR,^(31)P NMR,FTIR and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry,and used as a new reactive flame retardant for bisphenol epoxy thermosets.Thermogravimetry analysis shows that when the VDP loading is only 0.5P%(based on phosphorus content),the residue increases from 14.2%to 21.1%at 750℃ in N_(2)compare with neat DGEBA.Correspondingly,the limit oxygen index increased to 29.6%,and flame retardancy reaches UL-94 V0 grade.Micro combustion calorimetry(MCC)and cone calorimetry analyses demonstrate that VDP can significantly lower flammability of the epoxy thermoset.With only 0.5P%of VDP,the heat release rate,total heat release rate and smoke production are reduced markedly.At the same time,the mechanical properties of the modified epoxy thermosets are also improved.The impact strength increases by 34%and the flexural strength increased by 23%,with 1.5P%of VDP.In short,VDP not only improves the flame retardancy,but also improves the mechanical properties of the epoxy thermosets.

Potassium Bromate-induced Changes in the Adult Mouse Cerebellum Are Ameliorated by Vanillin

Objective The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of vanillin on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes induced by potassium bromate （KBrO3）, an environmental pollutant, in the cerebellum of adult mice.Methods The animals were divided into four groups： group 1 served as a control, group 2 received KBrO3, group 3 received KBrO3 and vanillin, and group 4 received only vanillin. We then measured behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum.Results We observed significant behavioral changes in KBrO3-exposed mice. When investigating redox homeostasis in the cerebellum, we found that mice treated with KBrO3 had increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the cerebellum. These effects were accompanied by decreased Na＋-K＋ and Mg2＋ ATPase activity and antioxidant enzyme gene expression when compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in cytokine gene expression in KBrO3-treated mice. Microscopy revealed that KBrO3 intoxication resulted in numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum that were substantially ameliorated by vanillin supplementation. Co-administration of vanillin blocked the biochemical and molecular anomalies induced by KBrO3.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that vanillin is a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Five 1,4-Dihydropyridine Drugs in Their Tablets and Capsules Using Vanillin Reagent

A selective and new spectrophotometric method is described for determination of five 1,4 dihydropyridine drugs (1,4- DHP);namely nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL) and amlodipine (AML). The method is based on a coupling reaction between the cited drugs and vanillin reagent in acidic condition. Under optimized conditions, the red coloured products were measured at 500 nm for NIF, NIC, NIM and FEL or at 479 nm for AML. Molar absorptivities were ranged from 0.575 × 104 - 1.065 × 104 l·mol-1·cm-1, Beer’s law was obeyed at 5 - 70 μg/mL concentration range and the limit of detection was ranged from 0.150 - 1.500 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully extended to pharmaceutical preparations tablets and capsules and comparison by Student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test showed no significant difference.

COMPLEXES OF RARE EARTH NITRATE WITH SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM VANILLIN AND P-TOLUIDINE

In this paper,complexes of rare earth nitrate with Schiff base derived from vanillin(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde)and p-toluidine[LnL_2(NO_3)_2]NO_3(Ln=La-Eu except Pm,L=Schiff base ligand) have been prepared and characterized.

Vanillin-based functionalization strategy to construct multifunctional microspheres for treating inflammation and regenerating intervertebral disc

Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)is one of the main causes of low back pain.Although local delivery strategies using biomaterial carriers have shown potential for IVDD treatment,it remains challenging for intervention against multiple adverse contributors by a single delivery platform.In the present work,we propose a new functionalization strategy using vanillin,a natural molecule with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,to develop multifunctional gelatin methacrylate(GelMA)microspheres for local delivery of transforming growth factorβ3(TGFβ3)toward IVDD treatment.In vitro,functionalized microspheres not only improved the release kinetics of TGFβ3 but also effectively inhibited inflammatory responses and promoted the secretion of extracellular matrix(ECM)in lipopolysaccharide-induced nucleus pulposus(NP)cells.In vivo,functionalized platform plays roles in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress,preserving the water content of NP and disc height,and maintaining intact structure and biomechanical functions,thereby promoting the regeneration of IVD.High-throughput sequencing suggests that inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling might be associated with their therapeutic effects.In summary,the vanillin-based functionalization strategy provides a novel and simple way for packaging multiple functions into a single delivery platform and holds promise for tissue regeneration beyond the IVD.

乙基香兰素人工抗原的合成及鼠源多克隆抗体的制备

为研究检测乙基香兰素(EV)的免疫学方法,采用活性酯(AE)和混合酸酐(MA)2种方法,将乙基香草酸(EVA)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备乙基香兰素人工免疫抗原BSA-EV(AE)和BSA-EV(MA),并采用紫外扫描(UV)和凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对人工抗原进行鉴定。将BSA-EV(AE)和BSA-EV(MA)分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,3免后10 d断尾采血并分离血清制备鼠源多克隆抗体。采用间接ELISA法测定血清抗体效价,间接竞争ELISA法测定血清抗体敏感性和特异性。结果显示,乙基香兰素人工抗原制备成功,BSA-EV(AE)和BSA-EV(MA)的偶联比分别为1∶2.92和1∶37.95。BSA-EV(AE)免疫组3号血清效价最高为1∶51 200,对EV的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为173.78μg/L,线性范围为14.79~2 041.74μg/L。BSA-EV(MA)免疫组1号血清效价最高为1∶102 400,对EV的IC_(50)为617.00μg/L,线性范围为42.66~8 709.64μg/L。2个免疫组的血清抗体与香兰素、甲基香兰素、麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚、BSA、鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)的交叉反应率均小于1%。综上,人工抗原BSA-EV合成成功,并成功制备了对EV灵敏特异的鼠源多克隆抗体。

基于香草醛的热固性树脂研究进展

香草醛是一种可由木质素磺酸盐生产的单芳香化合物,其化学结构独特,已成为生物基材料领域研究热点。本文首先介绍了基于香草醛的热固性高分子材料包括环氧树脂、苯并噁嗪、酚醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂等研究进展,着重论述了基于香草醛特征结构进行化学转化以及制备交联结构产物的过程。进而,本文总结了含有动态共价键的香草醛基热固性材料研究进展。香草醛的醛基有利于缩醛、亚胺、硫缩醛等动态化学基团的引入,而通过交联体系的选择可有效引入动态二硫键、D-A加成键及β-羟基酯基团。在总结香草醛基热固性材料的特点及发展应用的基础上,本文展望了香草醛基热固性树脂在原料获取、产品制备、回收利用及有效降解等方面可持续性所面临的挑战。

香荚兰浸膏的制备和酶促生香工艺优化

为探究香荚兰浸膏的酶促生香工艺,对香荚兰浸膏进行β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解并对酶解条件进行研究。以香荚兰豆荚为试材,采用乙醇为提取溶剂,索式提取法制备香荚兰浸膏。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化酶促生香工艺,提取物中香兰素含量以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得。结果表明,最佳酶促生香工艺条件为:加酶量62.5 U/g,酶解温度35℃,酶解时间26 h,料液比1∶8(g/mL),该工艺条件下香荚兰浸膏中香兰素含量最高。上述结果表明酶促生香工艺可明显提高香荚兰浸膏中香兰素的含量,具有潜在的生产应用价值。

葡萄糖对Starmerella bacillaris香草醛耐受能力的影响

分析典型酚类抑制剂香草醛对酵母Starmerella bacillaris R5生长和产乙醇的影响,同时分析改变葡萄糖的质量分数对其生长和发酵性能的影响。结果表明在3 g/L香草醛质量浓度下,将培养基中的葡萄糖质量分数从2%提高至6%可将延滞期缩短25.92%,比生长速率提高82.1%,乙醇转化率提高17.88%。进一步分析表明葡萄糖质量分数的提高还使含有活性氧的细胞比例增加、膜渗透率及胞内H2O2含量降低。过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性分别提高58%、35.5%和2.3倍,胞内甘油质量浓度提高1.82倍。另外与糖代谢相关的丙酮酸激酶活性降低54.5%,己糖激酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性提高4.16倍和11.8倍,NADPH浓度提高19.4%,己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸脱羧酶、醛酮还原酶基因水平分别上调4.6、2.5、13.9、12.2、17.5、34.8、34.9倍。葡萄糖质量分数的增加主要是通过提高细胞内抗氧化酶的活性,减弱氧化损伤,为酵母提供更多的腺苷三磷酸以及还原力以应对胁迫环境,从而提高乙醇的转化速率。本研究结果可为进一步利用S. bacillaris产纤维素乙醇提供新思路。

玉米麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖复合纳米载体负载香草醛及其抑菌性能研究

本研究构建了负载香草醛的玉米麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖(Arabinoxylan,AX)与玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)复合纳米载体,通过多糖与蛋白质的相互作用稳定体系,提高香草醛的稳定性并探讨了复合纳米载体对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。用80%和90%乙醇沉淀得到两个玉米麸皮粗多糖组分,通过阴离子交换柱纯化后,得到四个组分(F80-1、F80-2、F90-1及F90-2),采用气相色谱法鉴定了各组分的单糖组成。结果表明,各组分阿拉伯糖和木糖总含量分别为67.41%、76.12%、77.16%和84.89%,四个组分复合纳米载体对香草醛的包封率分别达到了81.18%、69.36%、86.80%和88.48%,荧光光谱法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)验证了香草醛在复合纳米载体中的包埋效果及分子间相互作用,抑菌试验结果表明,F80-2制备的复合纳米载体抑制单增李斯特菌效果最好,F90-2复合纳米载体抑制大肠杆菌效果最好。

香兰素下调cGAS/STING信号通路改善肝内胆汁淤积大鼠肝组织损伤

目的探讨香兰素调节环鸟苷酸腺苷酸合成酶(cyclic guanylate adenylate synthetase,cGAS)/干扰素基因刺激因子(stimulator of interferon gene,STING)信号通路对肝内胆汁淤积(intrahepatic cholestasis,IC)大鼠肝组织损伤的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、IC组、香兰素组、cGAS过表达组、香兰素+cGAS过表达组,连续给药7 d。测定大鼠体质量、肝质量和肝质量/体质量比值;酶联免疫吸附法测定肝功能指标(ALT、AST、ALP、LDH),IC指标(TBIL、TBA),肝纤维化指标(HA、LN、PCⅢ);HE、Masson染色分别观察肝脏病理学、纤维沉积变化,并计算胶原容积分数;蛋白印迹法检测肝组织cGAS/STING通路相关蛋白表达。结果香兰素可改善IC大鼠肝脏病理、纤维化,升高体质量,降低肝脏质量、ALT、AST、ALP、LDH、TBIL、TBA、HA、LN、PCⅢ、胶原容积分数、cGAS、STING蛋白(P<0.05);cGAS过表达可逆转香兰素对IC大鼠上述指标的影响(P<0.05)。结论香兰素可能通过下调cGAS/STING信号通路,改善IC大鼠肝功能、IC、肝纤维化和肝组织损伤。