Are Voters Mind Static? Statistical Analysis of Unremitting Shift of Mind of Ghanaian Voters (2016-2020)

Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.

Are Voters Mind Static? Statistical Analysis of Unremitting Shift of Mind of Ghanaian Voters (2016-2020)

Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.

Using Booze and Breasts to Get Voters

大千世界,无奇不有！捷克的选民现在遇到一个难题,基督教民主党在竞选中慷赠免费的喝酒账单,而共产党则让半裸美女在散发竞选印刷品,各施绝招！文章则写得更妙:...forcing people to decide between a free shot and a freepeek！其中的两个free就值得玩味。文章第二段出现了free shots,这个shots可不能胡乱猜译！《美国传统词典》对shot一词有释:shot:a drink,especially a jigger ofliquor(一杯,尤指一杯酒);an amount to be paid,as for drinks(喝酒的账单),据此,我们可以把free shots译成“免费喝酒的账单”。另外,请勿忘记咀嚼本文的标题！Booze者,酒也;Breasts,美女也。如此搭配,构成了头韵(alliteration)。

Dynamics of Advantageous Mutant Spread in Spatial Death-Birth and Birth-Death Moran Models

The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.

Analytical method for cell displacement defect quantum-dot cellular automata primitive

Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is an emerging computational paradigm which can overcome scaling limitations of the existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology.The existence of defects cannot be ignored,considering the fabrication of QCA devices at the molecular level where it could alter the functionality.Therefore,defects in QCA devices need to be analyzed.So far,the simulation-based displacement defect analysis has been presented in the literature,which results in an increased demand in the corresponding mathematical model.In this paper,the displacement defect analysis of the QCA main primitive,majority voter(MV),is presented and carried out both in simulation and mathematics,where the kink energy based mathematical model is applied.The results demonstrate that this model is valid for the displacement defect in QCA MV.

Computational Modeling of Government Policy to Attain Long-Term Higher Voter Turnout for Sustainable Democracy

People power is the fundamental concept of democracy and power of the people is exercised though voting. People decide who should be elected to make decisions for them. However, if people do not properly participate in the voting process and only two-thirds of all eligible voters participate in an election, the democratic institution loses its credibility and becomes vulnerable. This paper investigates various changes in voting institutions throughout the USAwith a simulation model that analyzes the efficacy of such methods to attain higher voter turnout.

Looped Light on Dark Energy

We give a mathematical golden mean distribution based probabilistic confirmation of a recent spectacular experiment with light. The experiment in question is a three-slit variant of the well known two-slit set up of quantum mechanics. The outcome of the sophisticated experiment revealed the looped path of light on the quantum scale and consequently the Peano-Hilbert geometry of spacetime, ergo its fractal-Cantorian nature. The mathematics used here on the other hand is the remarkably simple and insightful golden mean probability distribution known from a famous paradox known in social sciences as the voter paradox.

Opinion Dynamics in Two-Layer Networks with Hypocrisy

We propose a general concealed voter model(GCVM),in which individuals interact in two layers and can exchange their opinions in the internal layer.This interaction is not allowed in a CVM.By exchanging opinions in the internal layer,we mean that individuals share their real or internal opinions with their close friends.The process of opinion formation in GCVM is presented in the paper.We make the series of numerical simulations of GCVM with different network structures(both external and internal)and get some counterintuitive conclusions.For instance,we find out that sometimes with a relatively simple network structure of an external layer the consensus within the individuals’opinions cannot be reached,and if individuals in the network are not good at expressing their opinions publicly(in an external layer),exchanging opinions with their close friends(in an internal layer)is almost useless.

政治均衡下的环境政策选择和影响

本文设计了一个有不同类型选民、游说团体向参选候选者双方进行政治献金的理论模型,用以考察在企业生产活动对消费者产生负外部性的情况下,政策影响型游说活动所达到的政治均衡的性质以及不同管制政策手段产生的社会福利效果。结论为,在政策影响型游说活动下的政治均衡中,游说团体事实上可以决定候选者的有关环境政策;从社会福利来看,数量管制与价格管制的利弊取决于单位生产所发生的外部性的'边际生产力'。同时,本文还揭示了政治均衡中数量管制与价格管制在四个方面的效果相同。

Adder design using a 5-input majority gate in a novel “multilayer gate design paradigm” for quantum dot cellular automata circuits

This paper proposes a novel design paradigm for circuits designed in quantum dot cellular automata （QCA） technology. Previously reported QCA circuits in the literature have generally been designed in a single layer which is the main logical block in which the inverter and majority gate are on the base layer, except for the parts where multilayer wire crossing was used. In this paper the concept of multilayer wire crossing has been extended to design logic gates in multilayers. Using a 5-input majority gate in a multilayer, a 1-bit and 2-bit adder have been designed in the proposed multilayer gate design paradigm. A comparison has been made with some adders reported previously in the literature and it has been shown that circuits designed in the proposed design paradigm are much more efficient in terms of area, the requirement of QCA cells in the design and the input-output delay of the circuit. Over all, the availability of one additional spatial dimension makes the design process much more flexible and there is scope for the customizability of logic gate designs to make the circuit compact.

Voter model in a random environment in Zd

We consider the voter model with flip rates determined by {ue, e ∈ Ed}, where Ed is the set of all non-oriented nearest-neighbour edges in the Euclidean lattice Zd. Suppose that {ue, e ∈ Ed} are independent and identically distributed （i.i.d.） random variables satisfying ue ≥ 1. We prove that when d = 2, almost surely for all random environments, the voter model has only two extremal invariant measures： δ0 and δ1.

Fiscal illusion and progressive taxation with retrospective voting

This article addresses the tax progressivity decision of a rent-maxi-mising government under the circumstances that voters’percep-tions of the tax price of public goods are biased by cognitive anomalies(i.e.fiscal illusion)and that the electorate opts for re-appointing or for dismissing the incumbent according to a retro-spective voting logic.Given electoral and constitutional constraints,we show that the design of the tax system can be sensibly affected by fiscal illusion within the population of voters.Specifically,we find that(i)the tax system is more(less)progressive when taxes and public expenditures are perceived less(more),and(ii)an increase in the median voter’s income may positively or negatively affect tax progressivity depending on the nature(pessimistic or optimistic)of fiscal illusion.The impact of fiscal illusion on tax pro-gressivity has been validated by econometric analysis.