Coal flotation using wash oil as a new type of collector

The use of wash oil as a coal collector is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of regular collectors in coal slime flotation. These disadvantages include high price, limited sources and high consumption. The effect of additives on flotation was studied and an innovative "one rough separation-one cleaning separation" flotation technology was developed. The experimental results show that the clean coal ash content decreases by about 1.36% and the clean coal yield declines by around 10% with the application of the depressant. There is an increase of 3.76% in the yield of clean coal and a decrease of 0.40% in the ash content caused by utilizing a dispersant. An ultimate product having an ash content of 10.78% and yield of 70.12% can be attained using a combination of dispersant and depressant. The use of this new technology decreases the ash content by 1.21%, decreases the yield by 2.80% and an increases the coal flotation perfect index by 2.03%. Compared to common flotation, the utilization of the new technology reduces ash by 0.17%, increases yield by 5.3% and increases perfect index by 4.18%.

Synthesis of Super Plasticizer NF-30 from Coal Coking by Product Washing Oil and Performance Analysis

Super plasticizer was synthesized by using coal coking by product washing oil and industrial naphthalene. The results show that sulfonationt time （2.5 h）, sulfonation temperature （160 ℃） and condensation time （5.0 h） are key factors. Adding oxidizing agent MO in the course of synthesis can decrease the emission of SO2 in exhaust （20%）. Compared with NF, NF-30 have some advantages in lower cost, high water reducing rate （19.7%） and optimum early strengths. Moreover, TGA-DTA and SEM analysis were adopted to research the NF-30 modified concrete on hydyation mechanism. The analysis show that, compared with NF, there are a large number of hydration products such as Ca （OH）2, C-S-H, AFt etc of NF-30, the structure of NF-30 is dense and the performance is good.

Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of Soils Contaminated with Wasted-Automotive Oils and the Quality of the Produced Wastewater

An old automotive industrial site located at Mexico City with many years of operation and contaminated with heavy oil hydrocarbons, particularly spent oils, was assessed for restoration using the surfactant enhanced soil washing (SESW) process. The main goal of this study was to characterize the contaminated soil in terms of TPHs, BTEX, PAHs, and metals contents as well as microbiologically (total heterotrophs and specific degrading microorganisms). We also aimed to determine the surfactant type and concentration to be used in the SESW process for the automotive waste oil contaminated soil. At the end, sixteen kg of contaminated soil were washed and the produced wastewater (approximately 40 L) was characterized in terms of COD, BOD;solids, and other physico-chemical parameters. The soil contained about 14,000 mg of TPH/kg soil (heavy fraction), 0.13 mg/kg of benzo (k) fluoranthene and 0.07 mg/kg of benzo (a) pyrene as well as traces of some metals. Metals concentrations were always under the maximum concentration levels suggested by Mexican regulations. 15 different surfactants were used to identify the one with the capability to achieve the highest TPH removal. Surfactants included 5 anionics, 2 zwitterionic, 5 nonionics and 3 natural gums. Sulfopon 30 at a concentration of 0.5% offered the best surfactant performance. The TPH removals employing the different surfactants were in the range from 38% to 68%, in comparison to the soil washing with water (10% of TPH removal). Once the surfactant was selected, 70 kg of soil were washed and the resulting water contained approximately 1300 mg/L of COD, 385 mg/L of BOD (BOD/COD = 0.29), 122 mg/L of MBAS, and 212 mg/L of oil and greases, among other contaminants.

Quantitative assessment and significance of gas washing of oil in Block 9 of the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,NW China

Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tograms,this paper estimates the effect of oil migration and fractionation and the amount of depletion(Q)in terms of the n-alkanes depletion model.The results showed that the amount of depletion in the Ordovician reservoir is highest in the east of this block,e.g.the depletion is 97% in Well T904.The amount of Q gets lower to the west,e.g.the depletion is 53.4%in Well T115 and there is no sign of depletion in Well S69.It is suggested that the direction of gas washing is from the east to the west.The compositions and isotopic characteristics of associated gas in Ordovician oils indicated that the gas might be derived from Cambrian source rocks of the Caohu Depression which lies to the east of Block 9.In contrast,no obvious depletion of n-alkanes in Triassic oils was found,suggesting that the migration pathway of natural gas has been limited to the Ordovician karst fracture system formed in the Early Hercynian Orogeny.Different depletions of the Ordovician and Triassic oils can reveal fault activities in this region.

新型低界面张力纳米微球调驱剂的合成与性能研究

聚丙烯酰胺纳米微球调驱剂作为一种新型的纳米驱油材料,在油田提高采收率方面取得了广泛应用。但是,目前使用的聚丙烯酰胺纳米微球功能主要以封堵为主,存在单体固含量低、水溶液吸水膨胀速度过快、驱油和降低表界面张力功能较差等问题。利用反相乳液聚合法,以白油为油相,2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)混合单体为水相,油酸/双子聚醚/OP-10混合表面活性剂为乳化剂,根据三元相图确定油相/乳化剂/水相三相的最佳配比(质量分数)为33.93%/24.87%/41.2%,以甲叉双丙烯酰胺(MBA)作为交联剂,在35℃利用氧化-还原剂聚合获得了既具有封堵功能,又具有超低表界面张力、高洗油效率的新型纳米微球调驱剂。工艺优化实验确定最佳的合成条件为单体配比m(AM)∶m(AMPS)为8∶1,交联剂质量分数为0.1%,氧化-还原剂质量分数为0.3%,搅拌速度为450 r/min。对聚合物纳米微球进行表征和性能评价,结果表明,其固含量为20.1%,粒径为54 nm,纳米微球封堵率可达95.1%,用其0.2%的水溶液测得界面张力为0.332 mN/m,洗油效率高达89.13%,为实施油田调驱提供了一种新材料。

神华煤液化沥青离心脱灰行为的影响因素研究

利用煤液化沥青制备高端炭材料是目前煤直接液化技术领域研究的热点,该过程实现的关键在于煤液化沥青的高效深度脱灰。以焦化洗油和神华煤液化沥青在热萃取釜中制备的热萃取液为研究对象,借助旋转黏度仪考察了1∶1,4∶1,6∶1三种剂渣比(焦化洗油与神华煤液化沥青的质量比)体系黏度随温度(20℃,40℃,60℃,80℃,100℃)的变化规律,探究了影响煤液化沥青灰分脱除和上层离心液收率的离心转速(1000 r/min,1500 r/min,2000 r/min,2500 r/min,3000 r/min,3500 r/min,4000 r/min)、剂渣比(1∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1,5∶1,6∶1)和离心时间(5 min,10 min,15 min,20 min,25 min)三大行为因素,解析了神华煤液化沥青中灰分在焦化洗油混合体系中的粒度分布和形貌特征。结果表明:焦化洗油和神华煤液化沥青混合体系呈现出明显的高黏温正比特性,升高温度可显著减小不同剂渣比体系之间的黏度差异,焦化洗油和神华煤液化沥青萃取体系离心脱灰最佳工作参数为剂渣比4∶1、离心转速3000 r/min、离心时间15 min,此条件下灰分可降至0.06%,上层离心液收率可达75%。离心分离后灰分分布均匀,微观形貌呈现出不规则的锯齿层状堆叠特征,在焦化洗油和神华煤液化沥青混合体系中呈纳米级粒径分布是其不能深度脱除的根源,因此,可开发新型液相重力涡流、静电分离、沉降助剂法等技术并与离心技术相耦合,以期满足下游高端炭材料制备技术的指标要求,为煤炭直接液化技术规模化的发展和产业链的延伸提供技术支持。

驱油流体吸附抑制剂的合成与评价

目的在化学驱的实施过程中,地层对驱油剂的吸附滞留是表面活性剂进入地层后含量损失的一种主要原因,为了减少驱油流体在地层的损耗成本而展开对驱油液体吸附抑制剂的研究。方法以二氰二胺(DCD)、1-十八胺盐酸盐(OHC)为原料,基于亲核加成的原理采用熔融法在150℃下合成了一种针对驱油流体的吸附抑制剂OHCB,该表面活性剂同时具备强疏水基、强极性原子和阳离子基团,因此具有较强的占据黏土矿物表面吸附位点的能力。对其进行了红外吸收、紫外吸收、元素分析、质谱等结构表征,采用静态吸附法研究了其作为添加剂的最佳配比,并验证在最佳配比下对驱油剂AEO7的吸附抑制效果,以及该体系相较AEO7单一体系的静态洗油效率、乳化性及润湿性的变化。结果OHCB抑制驱油剂AEO7在黏土矿物表面的吸附效果较好,在驱油剂与吸附抑制剂质量比为5∶1的情况下,抑制效果可达27%以上。结论OHCB不仅具有较好的吸附抑制效果,且其加入使AEO7的静态洗油效率提升至27.3%、γc m c降至27.1 mV/m,CMC降至38 mg/L、油-水界面张力降至0.5 mV/m以下,对体系性能起到了协同增效的作用,并且相较于需要预吸附的牺牲剂,其使用更为便捷。

改性片状纳米流体的洗油效率及机理

纳米流体提高采收率已然成为油气勘探开发的研究热点。利用研发的改性片状纳米流体,在自制的可视化模型中研究固体界面油膜在接触到质量浓度为50mg/L的改性片状纳米流体后的收缩规律,并开展油砂洗油实验,明确50mg/L的改性片状纳米流体在不同条件下的洗油效率。研究结果表明,模拟地层水环境下,固体界面油膜收缩速率较慢,并未出现楔形区域;改性片状纳米流体环境下,固体界面油膜在收缩过程中出现明显的楔形区域,且出现两条接触线:外接触线和内接触线,外接触线的收缩速率为8.5817×10^(-5)cm/s,内接触线的收缩速率为0.6617×10^(-5)cm/s。油砂洗油实验表明,改性片状纳米流体的洗油效率随油砂尺寸的增大和温度的提升逐渐增加,随着油砂浸泡时间的延长先急剧增加后缓慢上升,存在最佳浸泡时间(8±2)h,油砂洗油效率可高达95.7%。该项研究成果突破了只有高浓度球形纳米颗粒才能形成结构分离压力的限制,为片状纳米流体在矿场的应用提供了可能性,也为矿场施工工艺提供了技术参考。

低渗透裂缝性油藏测井侧向剩余油挖潜措施研究——以长庆A油田为例

针对长庆A油田低渗透裂缝性油藏注水开发动态特点,通过深化精细基础地质研究,结合老区检查井取心、测井资料,开展了剩余油分布精细评价、不同水线距离的检查井水洗程度评价,以及裂缝对剩余油分布和开发效果的影响分析。结果表明,低渗透裂缝性油藏主向井水淹严重、侧向区剩余油富集,侧向剩余油挖潜设计方案可行;油藏井网加密调整后开发效果评价证实,侧向剩余油挖潜方案可减缓油藏递减、改善油藏的开发效果。可为同类油藏开发中后期实施井网调整、增储挖潜及油藏采收率提高提供有益借鉴。

蛋黄油联合清热解毒汤外洗在肛周脓肿术后创面愈合中的应用

目的基于创面肉芽组织中生长因子探讨蛋黄油联合清热解毒中药外洗对肛周脓肿患者术后创面愈合的促进作用。方法选取我院2023年1月至5月收治的80例肛周脓肿手术患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。术后3 d,对照组予以清热解毒中药外洗,凡士林纱布换药等常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用蛋黄油治疗,连续治疗7 d。比较2组临床疗效、临床症状改善情况及不同时间点创面恢复情况、血清炎性细胞因子、创面肉芽组织相关因子表达水平。结果观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(95%vs.75%,P<0.05);观察组创面瘙痒消失、腐肉脱落、新生上皮出现及愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);术后7 d、10 d观察组疼痛程度、创面分泌物、肉芽形态及周围组织水肿评分较对照组显著下降(P<0.05);术后7 d、10 d观察组血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平低于对照组(P<0.05),创面肉芽组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子-2(FGF-2)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论蛋黄油联合清热解毒中药外洗能显著改善肛周脓肿患者的临床症状,促进创面愈合,治疗效果显著,可能与抑制炎性细胞因子表达、促进创面肉芽组织生长因子表达有关。

一种智能纳米复合剂堵水调剖体系的研究

为解决高温高盐碎屑岩油藏含水率高、封堵难度大以及采收率低等问题,研究了一种ALT智能纳米复合剂堵水调剖体系,通过Zate电位仪和SCZL203全自动张力仪对该调剖体系的粒径和界面张力进行测定,并采用耐高压微观驱替装置进行体系封堵性能评价。结果表明:ALT智能纳米复合剂在水中具有良好的溶解性,可有效改善储层润湿性,且具有很好的洗油效果;同时,复合剂堵水调剖体系颗粒粒径小,容易进入储层微小孔喉,在油藏条件下封堵效果好,具有良好的油水选择性,堵水率高达88.1%,总采收率达56.9%。

改性石墨高强调驱剂的制备及其矿场应用

采用两步改性法对石墨进行氧化改性及活性基团接枝,制备了新型改性石墨高强度调驱剂。室内实验结果表明,改性活性纳米石墨颗粒粒径在50~200 nm,具有自润滑性、易于注入、水溶分散等特点,室温稳定期可达1 a,聚结膨胀能力达常规膨胀剂的3~10倍。矿场实验表明,当质量分数为0.15%,注入量为1 PV时,综合效益最佳,且调堵、洗油性能较好,投入产出比可达1∶1.8。

油井热洗过程中温度场计算及应用

油井热洗时的温度、排量、水量等参数要依靠操作人员的经验来控制,存在热洗效率低、热洗水量大、热水倒灌油层等问题,会影响油井产量,同时造成水资源浪费。通过建立热洗物理模型,校正地层温度计算方法,为精准计算井下结蜡段温度奠定了基础。建立能量守恒方程,运用迭代计算方法,获得不同热洗参数下井筒温度,结合原油熔蜡温度,得到使井内结蜡段超过熔蜡温度所需热洗排量、热洗水温度等参数。结合热洗循环时间和排量关系,采取提高排量,缩短热洗时间的方法,对现场16口井开展热洗参数优化试验,单井热洗水量从24 m^(3)降至12 m^(3),节约了天然气89 m^(3),降低了热洗成本。

Experimental study on surface-active polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery: A case study of Daqing placanticline oilfield, NE China

Experiments on surface-active polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery were carried out by detection analysis and modern physical simulation technique based on reservoirs and fluids in Daqing placanticline oilfield.The experimental results show that the surface-active polymer is different from other common polymers and polymer-surfactant systems in molecular aggregation,viscosity and flow capacity,and it has larger molecular coil size,higher viscosity and viscosifying capacity,and poorer mobility.The surface-active polymer solution has good performance of viscosity-increasing and viscosity retention,and has good performance of viscoelasticity and deformability to exert positive effects of viscosifying and viscoelastic properties.Surface-active polymer can change the chemical property of interface and reduce interfacial tension,making the reservoir rock turn water-wet,also it can emulsify the oil into relatively stable oil-in-water emulsion,and emulsification capacity is an important property to enhance oil washing efficiency under non-ultralow interfacial tension.The surface-active polymer flooding enlarges swept volume in two ways:Microscopically,the surface-active polymer has mobility control effect and can enter oil-bearing pores not swept by water to drive residual oil,and its mobility control effect has more contribution than oil washing capacity in enhancing oil recovery.Macroscopically,it has plugging capacity,and can emulsify and plug the dominant channels in layers with high permeability,forcing the injected fluid to enter the layer with medium or low permeability and low flow resistance,and thus enlarging swept volume.

Geochemistry and origin of Ordovician oils in the Rewapu Block of the Halahatang Oilfield(NW China)

The oils in the Rewapu Block of the Halahatang Oilfield in the Tarim Basin(northwestern China) were geochemically analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate their origin and possible secondary alteration. The physical properties and chemical compositions of these Ordovician oils vary greatly, ranging from light to extremely heavy oils. All these oils belong to one single population and were derived from same source kitchen/bed. The differences in their chemical compositions and physical properties mainly result from secondary alteration of oils that were charged during the early phase of trap formation. The thickness of Upper Ordovician and Silurian caprocks of oil reservoirs in the Rewapu Block is higher than that in the north part of the Halahatang region, and therefore, significant biodegradation process is prevented. Compared to heavy oils in the north part, the Rewapu oils are dominated by light oils with no 25-norhopanes and no GC–MS ‘‘hump''(UCM: unresolved complex mixture) on the chromatographic baselines. The heavy oils in Wells RP7 and RP101 C were primarily influenced by water washing since apparent reduction of alkylated dibenzothiophenes was observed. The local geological background favored the water washing alteration. The reservoir geochemical study has practical application in hydrocarbon exploration and predicts the nature of oils in this oilfield.

Phase-Controlled and Gas-Washing Fractionations During the Formation of Petroleum Reservoirs

By PVT fractionation experiments to model phase\|controlled and gas\|washing fractionations during the formation of petroleum reservoirs, the authors measured the physical and chemical properties of products formed in different fractionation stages and made a correlative analysis of the influence of depressurization and gas washing on oil/gas molecular composition and the rule of fractionation. The analytical results showed that gas washing is an important factor affecting the physical properties of crude oils, and also can be regarded as a good genetic interpretation of marine wax\|high oils in the Tarim region, Xinjiang, China. Phase\|controlled and gas\|washing fractionations can lead to the formation of condensates and their differences in chemical composition from crude oils are a direct reflection of evaporating fractionation. Phase\|controlled and gas\|washing fractionations have a great influence on the composition of molecular compounds and relevant parameters. So phase\|controlled and gas\|washing fractionations during the formation of petroleum reservoirs are not only favorable to identifying different processes of formation of petroleum reservoirs, but also to the scientific application of routine geochemical parameters.

气相色谱内标法检测洗油中α-甲基萘和β-甲基萘的含量

洗油是煤焦油深加工过程中重要的产品,同时也是煤气净化工艺中重要的原材料。甲基萘含量的高低不仅直接影响着洗油的质量,也成为制约煤气净化工艺洗涤吸收苯族烃的关键因素。气相色谱法检测洗油中α—甲基萘和β—甲基萘的含量,其检测方法目前国内还没有报道,该方法对于洗油中α—甲基萘和β—甲基萘的含量具有检测速度快、检测准确度高的优势,能够满足焦油深加工以及煤气净化生产的需求。通过洗油溶解残渣率试验以及α—甲基萘和β—甲基萘含量检测试验,选用甲苯作为洗油溶解的溶剂。色谱柱温度采用程序升温法,以内标法对试样组分定量,选用正十二烷作为内标物。

洗油中芴的分离和精制研究进展

综述了从高温煤焦油洗油馏分中分离芴的研究现状,较为系统地总结了根据不同原理分离芴的主要方法,包括利用芴的反应活性将芴生成不同的化合物与洗油馏分中其他组分分离的化学法、利用洗油馏分中芴和其他组分的熔点、沸点和溶解度差异分离的物理法以及将单一分离方法复合起来的复合法,其中化学法主要是将芴生成9-芴甲醇或9-芴酮,再利用溶解度差异与其他组分分离,物理法主要有精馏法、结晶法(熔融结晶法、溶剂结晶法)、萃取法(传统溶剂萃取、超临界萃取),复合法主要是将精馏法与结晶法结合在一起形成的精馏-结晶法。为探究一种较为温和的从煤焦油洗油中分离芴提供一些思路和方法,为提高洗油中分离芴的效率和纯度,探索一种行之有效的工业方法提供一定的参考。

采用不同分离技术的甲醇制芳烃流程对比分析与优化

为了降低甲醇制芳烃流程的能耗以及操作费用,提高经济性和竞争力,对采用冷油吸收法和精馏法进行轻烃回收的甲醇制芳烃流程进行了对比研究以及优化分析。首先,在Aspen HYSYS中建立了严格的流程模型,计算得到两个流程的能量平衡以及能量平衡数据,对流程操作以及产品数据进行了分析。然后,通过Aspen HYSYS和Matlab的数据连接,建立了以轻烃产品标准为约束的操作费用最小化的优化模型,并对两个流程进行了优化。结果表明:精馏流程的分离效果以及产品回收率均优于油洗流程;优化后油洗流程的总操作费用略高于精馏流程;从具体的操作费用贡献来看,精馏流程的电耗为油洗流程的1.46倍,并且需要使用更低温度的冷却剂,而油洗流程的中压蒸汽消耗量比精馏流程高出44.3%。该研究结果对进一步降低甲醇制芳烃工艺的能耗以及操作费用提供参考依据。