Hepatoprotective effects of Xiaoyao San formula on hepatic steatosis and inflammation via regulating the sex hormones metabolism

BACKGROUND The modified Xiaoyao San(MXS)formula is an adjuvant drug recommended by the National Health Commission of China for the treatment of liver cancer,which has the effect of preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and prolonging patient survival.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying that remain unclear.AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of MXS in ameliorating hepatic injury,steatosis and inflammation.METHODS A choline-deficient/high-fat diet-induced rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)model was used to examine the effects of MXS on lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes.Liver tissues were collected for western blotting and immunohisto chemistry(IHC)assays.Lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis were detected using oil red staining and Sirius red staining.The serum samples were collected for biochemical assays and NMR-based metabonomics analysis.The inflammation/lipid metabolism-related signaling and regulators in liver tissues were also detected to reveal the molecular mechanisms of MXS against NASH.RESULTS MXS showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic stress.The western blotting and IHC results indicated that MXS activated AMPK pathway but inhibited the expression of key regulators related to lipid accumulation,inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of NASH.The metabonomics analysis systemically indicated that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis are the two main target metabolic pathways for MXS to ameliorate liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis.Mechanistically,we found that MXS protected against NASH by attenuating the sex hormone-related metabolism,especially the metabolism of male hormones.CONCLUSION MXS ameliorates inflammation and hepatic steatosis of NASH by inhibiting the metabolism of male hormones.Targeting male hormone related metabolic pathways may be the potential therapeutic approach for NASH.

N-acetylcysteine and zinc sulphate abate di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-mediated reproductive dysfunction in rats:Focus on oxidative and sex hormone receptors mechanisms

Objective:To investigate the potential of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)and zinc sulphate(ZnSO_(4))in mitigating reproductive dysfunction caused by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP)in rats and to understand the underlying mechanisms,specifically oxidative stress and sex hormone receptor activity.Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups(n=7 per group).Group 1 was administered 0.5 mL of distilled water and served as the control group.Group 2 was given only DEHP(750 mg/kg/day),while group 3,4 and 5 were given DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus NAC(100 mg/kg/day),DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus ZnSO_(4)(0.5 mg/kg/day),and DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus NAC(100 mg/kg/day)as well as ZnSO_(4)(0.5 mg/kg/day),respectively.All treatments lasted for 21 days.Samples were obtained after the rats were sacrificed,and hormones levels in the serum and markers of oxidative stress in the testicles were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The amount of androgen receptors in the testicles was determined by immunohistochemistry,and the susceptibility of testosterone and DEHP to bind to androgen receptor and 5α-reductase was determined by molecular docking studies.Results:DEHP decreased reproductive hormones,testicular antioxidant enzymes,increased malondialdehyde levels,and negatively impacted histology of the pituitary and testes.NAC or ZnSO_(4) treatment showed a marked improvement in testicular antioxidant status and hormone levels,as well as a positive effect on the histology of the pituitary and testes.The combination of both treatments appeared to be more effective.The affinity of DEHP to bind to androgen receptors may lead to disruption of androgen receptor signaling,which can further result in dysfunction of hormones related to androgen.However,NAC is more likely to form stronger binding interactions with follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone receptors,as well as gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors,when compared to DEHP.Conclusions:The possibility that NAC and ZnSO_(4) could downregulate DEHP-induced sex hormone changes is suggested by their potential to reduce toxicity.

Clinical Application of Sex Hormone in Different Physiological Periods in the Diagnosis of Infertility Patients

Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sex hormone levels during different physiological periods in the diagnosis of infertility patients. Methods: From December 2019 to May 2021, a total of 93 infertility patients were admitted and selected as the observation group. Among them, 31 cases were in the follicular stage, 31 cases in the ovulation stage, and 31 cases in the luteal stage. Ninety-three healthy women for fertility evaluation due to male infertility were selected as the control group. The control group included 31 women in the follicular phase, 31 women in the ovulatory phase, and 31 women in the luteal phase. The levels of sex hormones (prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P)) during different physiological phases were compared between the observation and control groups. Results: The follicular phase showed no significant difference in LH levels between the observation group and the control group. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL and P compared to the control group, while the levels of FSH, E2, and T were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. The ovulation phase showed no significant difference in PRL levels between the two groups. The observation group showed lower levels of LH, FSH, E2, T, and P compared to the control group. The luteal phase showed no statistical difference in E2 levels between the two groups. The observation group showed higher levels of PRL, LH, and FSH compared to the control group, while the levels of T and P were lower in the observation group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Infertile women show variations in hormone levels compared to the normal levels during the follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.

Effect of TSH Suppression Therapy on Sex Hormone Levels after Thyroid Cancer Surgery

Objective:To analyze the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy on sex hormone levels in patients undergoing postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 40 patients undergoing postoperative thyroid cancer treatment were selected for data analysis.TSH suppression therapy was implemented during the postoperative period.Patients were grouped according to the TSH level:TSH<0.1,0.1≤TSH<0.5,and TSH≥0.5.Results:Among male patients,there were no significant differences in sex hormone levels at different dosing times and TSH levels(P>0.05).For female patients,testosterone levels at different dosing times showed no significant differences under the same circumstances(P>0.05).The comparison of testosterone levels at different TSH levels over 5 years of TSH suppression therapy did not yield significant differences(P>0.05).However,the comparison of testosterone levels within 5 years of TSH suppression therapy yielded significant differences(P<0.05),with the lowest levels observed at 0.1≤TSH<0.5.Conclusion:The use of TSH suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer treatment minimally affects sex hormone levels in male patients.However,it has a significant impact on female patients.Therefore,preoperative sex hormone testing is recommended,and postoperative monitoring should include regular sex hormone testing.

Gender-related differences in irritable bowel syndrome: Potential mechanisms of sex hormones

According to epidemiological studies,twice as many women as men are affected by irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)in western countries,suggesting a role for sex hormones in IBS pathophysiology.Despite growing evidence about the implications of sex hormones in IBS symptom modulation,data on mechanisms by which they influence disease development are sparse.This review aims to determine the state of knowledge about the role of sex hormones in sensorimotor dysfunctions and to address the possible interplay of sex hormones with common risk factors associated with IBS.The scientific bibliography was searched using the following keywords:irritable bowel syndrome,sex,gender,ovarian hormone,estradiol,progesterone,testosterone,symptoms,pain,sensitivity,motility,permeability,stress,immune system,brain activity,spinal,supraspinal,imaging.Ovarian hormones variations along themenstrual cycle affect sensorimotor gastrointestinal function in both healthy and IBS populations.They can modulate pain processing by interacting with neuromodulator systems and the emotional system responsible for visceral pain perception.These hormones can also modulate the susceptibility to stress,which is a pivotal factor in IBS occurrence and symptom severity.For instance,estrogen-dependent hyper-responsiveness to stress can promote immune activation or impairments of gut barrier function.In conclusion,whereas it is important to keep in mind that ovarian hormones cannot be considered as a causal factor of IBS,they arguably modulate IBS onset and symptomatology.However,our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited and studies assessing the link between IBS symptoms and ovarian hormone levels are needed to improve our knowledge of the disease evolution with regard to gender.Further studies assessing the role of male hormones are also needed to understand fully the role of sex hormones in IBS.Finally,investigation of brain-gut interactions is critical to decipher how stress,ovarian hormones,and female brain processing of pain can translate into gut dysfunctions.

Effect of Modified and accumulated decoction on serum ER, PR, sex hormone, IGF-I and IGF-I in patients with uterine fibroids

Objective: To study the effect of Modified and accumulated Decoction on serum ER, PR, sex hormone, IGF-I and IGF-I in patients with uterine fibroids. Method: A total of 90 patients with uterine fibroids in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group was treated with mifepristone, the treatment group was treated with Modified and accumulated Decoction combined with mifepristone, and both the two groups were treated for 3 months. The uterine fibroid volume and uterine volume of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. The serum ER, PR, P, E2, LH, FSH, IGF-I and IGF-IR of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Result: There were no significantly differences of the uterine fibroid volume and uterine volume of the two groups before treatment. The uterine fibroid volume and uterine volume of the two groups after treatment were significantly less than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly less than the control group. There were no significantly differences among the serum ER, PR, P, E2, LH, FSH, IGF-I and IGF-IR of the two groups before treatment. The serum ER, PR, P, E2, LH, FSH, IGF-I and IGF-IR of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Modified and accumulated Decoction combined with mifepristonecan significantly reduce the uterine fibroid volume, improve the serum ER, PR, sex hormone, IGF-I and IGF-I levels of the patients with uterine fibroids, and it was worthy clinical application.

The Influence of Gonadectomy on Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Melatonin in Male and Female Wistar Rats: A Possible Implication of Sex Hormones

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of sex, ovariectomy (Ovx) and orchidectomy (Orx) on antidepressant and anxiolytic effect of melatonin in forced swimming test, open field test and elevated plus maze test. Initially, 4 mg/kg of melatonin was daily administered, at 4:00 pm, to intact male and female rats during 8 weeks. Our results have shown that the effect of chronic injection of Mel is sex dependent in the three behaviors tests. Females rats have responded better than males in behavior test study after administration of melatonin, this difference between the sexes may be related to the action of sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) on behavior in males as well as in females. Secondly, to determine the possible interaction between Melatonin and steroid hormones, Ovx/sham female received Mel at dose of 4mg/kg alone or NaCl (0.9%) alone, and Orx/sham male received Mel at dose of 4 mg/kg alone or NaCl (0.9%) alone daily and during 8 weeks of treatment at 4:00 pm. All animals were tested in the open-field test, elevated plus maze test for anxiety behavior study, and forced swimming test for depression behavior study. Results revealed that Mel exerts an anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in the orchidectomized males and in intact females, confirming that the suppression of androgens by orchidectomy improved anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of melatonin in males. However in females, the suppression of estrogen by ovariectomy masked the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of melatonin. Our results confirmed that the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of melatonin are linked to sex hormones.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, sex hormones and cognitive decline in male patients with schizophrenia receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy

BACKGROUND There are systematic differences in clinical features between women and men with schizophrenia(SCZ).The regulation of sex hormones may play a potential role in abnormal neurodevelopment in SCZ.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and sex hormones have complex interacting actions that contribute to the etiology of SCZ.AIM To investigate the influence of BDNF and sex hormones on cognition and clinical symptomatology in chronic antipsychotic-treated male SCZ patients.METHODS The serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),progesterone,testosterone(T),prolactin(PRL)and BDNF were compared between chronic antipsychotic-treated male(CATM)patients with SCZ(n=120)and healthy controls(n=120).The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to quantify SCZ symptoms,while neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognition.Neuropsychological tests,such as the Digit Cancellation Test(DCT),Semantic Verbal Fluency(SVF),Spatial Span Test(SS),Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test(PASAT),Trail Making Task(TMT-A),and Block Design Test(BDT),were used to assess executive functions(BDT),attention(DCT,TMT-A),memory(SS,PASAT),and verbal proficiency(SVF).RESULTS Although E2 levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the healthy controls,T,PRL,and LH levels were all significantly higher.Additionally,the analysis revealed that across the entire sample,there were positive correlations between E2 Levels and BDNF levels as well as BDNF levels and the digital cancellation time.In CATM patients with SCZ,a significant correlation between the negative symptoms score and PRL levels was observed.CONCLUSION Sex hormones and BDNF levels may also be linked to cognitive function in patients with chronic SCZ.

Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Coupled with HPLC for Simultaneous Determination of Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones in Cosmetics

An effective and environmentally friendly method based on ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction(IL-USAEME) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of nine hormones including three glucocorticoids, one androgen and five progestogens in cosmetics. Several factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the kinds and volume of ionic liquid, salt concentration, ultrasonic power and time, and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction condition, the recoveries of analytes ranged from 85.97% to 108.84% except prednisolone (62.30%). The intraday and interday precision was below 2.51% and 3.30%, respectively.

Effects of Salacia lehmbachii ethanol root bark extract on estrous cycle and sex hormones of female albino rats

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Salacia lehmbachii (S. lehmbachii) ethanol root bark extract on estrous cycle and sex hormones in female rats. Methods: Forty-eight virgin rats with regular 4-day cycle were grouped into four and each group was further subdivided into 'a' and 'b' (n=6). Each group was orally treated for 28 days with 2 mL of distilled water (control), ethanol root bark extract ofS. lehmbachii in doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg/body weight (groups 2, 3, 4, respectively). Estrous cycle was determined daily using the vaginal smear method. Rats in'a' subgroups were weighed and sacrificed on the 29th day, and blood was collected for serum generation which was used for hormonal assay and sex organs were removed and weighed. Rats in 'b' subgroups were discontinued from treatment for 2 weeks and the parameters above were reassessed.Results:The mean length of estrous cycle and duration of diestrous of treated rats were prolonged dose dependently compared to control. The increase was significant (P<0.05) at 500 and 750 mg/kg. The other estrous phases were shortened in the same pattern. Relative weights of sex organs were reduced significantly (P<0.05) at the highest dose. Sex hormones levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to control. The above changes reverted towards the control values two weeks post treatments.Conclusions: Ethanol root bark extract ofS. lehmbachii (high doses) has antifertility effect in female rats as it prolongs the estrous and diestrous cycle, and reduces serum sex hormones levels. The observed alterations were reversible.

United observation and analysis of the effect of tripterygium wilfordii on sex hormone levels, apoptosis in ovary and bone metabolism in female rats

Objective:To study the effect of tripterygium wilfordii on sex hormone levels, apoptosis in ovary and bone metabolism in female rats.Methods: Adult female SD rats were chosen as experimental animals and divided into model group and control group, model group were made into premature ovarian failure models through intragastric administration of tripterygium wilfordii, and control group were given intragastric administration of same dose of normal saline. Serum was collected 14 d after model making to determine the contents of sex hormones and bone metabolism markers, ovarian tissue was collected to determine the expression of apoptosis genes and tibial tissue was collected to determine the expression of bone metabolism marker genes.Results: FSH, LH,β-CTX and TRACP5b levels in serum of model group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas E2, PINP and N-MID levels were significantly lower than those of control group;Fas, FasL, APAF-1 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in ovarian tissue of model group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas Bcl-2 and XIAP mRNA expression were significantly lower than those of control group;RUNX2, BAP and OPG mRNA expression in bone tissue of model group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas RANKL and RANK mRNA expression were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusion:There are sex hormone changes, apoptosis aggravation in ovarian tissue and systemic bone metabolism disorder in rat model with tripterygium wilfordii-induced premature ovarian failure.

Correlation of menopausal index with sex hormones, lipid metabolism and cytokines in perimenopausal women

Objective: To explore the correlation of menopausal index with sex hormones, lipid metabolism and cytokines in perimenopausal women. Methods: A total of 208 perimenopausal women who were treated in this hospital between September 2015 and March 2018 were selected as the perimenopausal group and 150 healthy young women (20-30 years old) who received physical examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The differences in the levels of Kupperman menopausal index as well as the contents of sex hormones, lipid metabolism indexes and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups. Results: Kupperman menopausal index of perimenopausal group was higher than that of control group;sex hormones E2, P and T contents were lower than those of control group whereas FSH content was higher than that of control group;lipid metabolism indexes TC and LDL-C contents were higher than those of control group whereas HDL-C content was lower than that of control group;inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18 and IFN-γ contents were higher than those of control group;the Kupperman menopausal index of perimenopausal women was negatively correlated with E2, P, T and HDL-C contents, and positively correlated with FSH, TC, LDL-C, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-18 and IFN-γ contents. Conclusion: The Kupperman menopausal index in perimenopausal women abnormally increases, and the specific level is directly correlated with the female sex hormones, lipid metabolism disorder and systemic microinflammation.

Alteration of Sex and Non-Sex Hormones and Distribution Features of Blood ABO System Groups among the Women with Uterine Body Tumors

Objectives: The aim of the investigation was to study the hormonal status (sex hormones: estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T);non-sex gonadotropic hormones-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) of women with benign and malignant tumors of uterine body in the reproductive, menopause and postmenopause periods. Also the distribution features of the blood ABO system phenotype groups and their link to the development of uterine body tumors have been studied. Methods: The determination of hormones was made by the enzyme analysis method (ELAIZA), provided by the proper ELAIZA kits. For the study of blood ABO system antigens, internationally recognized immunoserology methods were used. Results: Investigations revealed the increased level of E2 and T on the background of the reduced P in the blood of the women with uterine tumors in the reproductive, menopause and post-menopause period. As for gonadotropic hormones, the decreased levels of LH and FSH have also been detected. From the ABO system phenotype groups A(II) group had the highest frequency between the women with malignant uterine tumor in the reproductive age. O (I) phenotype group was the most frequent in case of menopause and post-menopause women with uterine malignant tumors. Conclusions: Hormonal imbalance creates good conditions for the proliferation of uterine tissues and hence causes the development of benign and malignant uterine tumors. The imbalance of the sex steroid and gonadotropic hormones in the blood of post-menopause women indicates on the genotoxic mechanism of cancer development on the background of age-related changes. A(II) group had the highest frequency between the reproductive age women with uterine malignant tumor, while O (I) group was the most frequent in case of menopause and post-menopause patients.

How to explore the effects of sex hormone on blood vessels

The risk of cardiovascular disease increases along with aging. There are increasing interests in researches on the protective effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)on cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women. In this article we will review how we have explored the evidence of different sex hormones on blood vessels since 1996. The results showed that low-dose HRT significantly protected cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women.However, the high-dose 17β-estradiol (E2), with or without progesterone (P) or testosterone (T), or any hormone alone, as their concentrations increase, may even inhibit the protective effects of low-dose HRT on blood vessels.

Effect of invigorating kidney and invigorating bone decoction on sex hormones and cytokines in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bushen Jiangu decoction (kidney invigorating and bone invigorating decoction) on sex hormones and cytokines in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP).Methods:From February 2014 to May 2016, 98 PMOP patients were selected as the research objects, randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=49). Two groups were given oral alendronate 70 mg/ times, 1 time/week, Caltrate D 1 tablets, 2 times/d. The observation group was given Bushen Jiangu decoction, daily 1 agent. The treatment period was 6 months. The fasting peripheral venous blood was collected before and after treatment and analyzed by automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer for determination of serum estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide (CTX), type I precollagen (PINP);using radioimmunoassay method of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).Results:The E2 and T levels of the observation group after treatment were significantly increased compared with before treatment (P<0.05). The IL-6 and TNF-alpha of the observation group after treatment were lower than before treatment, while IGF-1 increased than that before treatment, significantly better than the control group (P<0.05);The CTX, P of NP of the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than the control group during the same period (P<0.05).Conclusions:The combination of Bushen Jiangu decoction combined with sodium hyaluronate can effectively improve the level of sex hormones in patients with PMOP, regulate the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IGF-1, inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption, and improve the treatment effect of osteoporosis.

Air Pollution and Sex Hormone Levels among Mechanics in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Air pollution is today a real concern across the world, responsible for around 7 million deaths per year around the world. It is currently involved in the appearance and worsening of several non-transmissible pathologies, making it an environmental, health, and societal problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on the level of sex hormones in mechanics. We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical, prospective case-control study in Brazzaville on 228 patients (76 cases and 152 controls) from June 2020 to December 2022, a period of 30 months. This study made it possible to evaluate, on the one hand, the level of sexual hormones in men exposed to automobile pollution according to the automated method (ELFA) on mini vidas and, on the other hand, the quality of the air by a colorimetric, punctual method on a Dräger tube coupled with a Dräger accuro pump. The results obtained made it possible to establish a statistically significant link between automobile pollutants (CO, CO2, NO2, SO2) and the increase in LH and FSH on the one hand and the decrease in testosterone on the other hand. We also noted that the concentrations of automotive pollutants during this study were all above the standards required by the WHO. Exposure to automobile pollutants affects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and therefore disrupts the level of sex hormones.

Correlation of sex hormones with adipocytokines and bone metabolism biochemical indexes in women with menopausal osteoporosis

Objective:To investigate the correlation of sex hormones with adipocytokines and bone metabolism biochemical indexes in women with menopausal osteoporosis.Methods: A total of 118 female patients who were diagnosed with menopausal osteoporosis in the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between September 2015 and October 2017 were selected as menopausal osteoporosis group, and 100 menopausal women with normal bone density who received medical examination in the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University during the same period were selected as normal control group. The contents of sex hormones, adipocytokines and bone metabolism biochemical indexes in peripheral blood were compared between two groups of women, and Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between sex hormones and disease severity in women with menopausal osteoporosis.Results: E2 content in the peripheral blood of menopausal osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that of control group whereas FSH and LH contents were not significantly different from those of control group;Resistin and chemerin contents in peripheral blood were higher than those of control group whereas LEP and Visfatin contents were lower than those of control group;OC, NBAP, TRACP and ICTP contents in peripheral blood were significantly higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that the sex hormone E2 content in women with menopausal osteoporosis was directly correlated with the contents of adipocytokines and bone metabolism biochemical indexes.Conclusion: The sex hormone expression is abnormal in women with menopausal osteoporosis, and the specific abnormal level can objectively reflect the condition of osteoporosis.

Effect of bushen tiaopi recipe on sex hormones, immune function and oxidative stress in patients with climacteric syndrome

Objective: To explore the effect of Bushen Tiaopi Recipe on sex hormones, immune function and oxidative stress in patients with climacteric syndrome and guide clinical medication. Methods: A total of 140 cases of climacteric syndrome patients who were treated in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected according to the lottery method, 70 cases in each group. Control group was given Li Fumin treatment, and the observation group was given Li Fumin combined with Bushen Tiaopi Recipe. The levels of sex hormones, T lymphocyte subsets, leptin, adiponectin and oxidative stress were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Result: There was no significant difference in the levels of sex hormones, T lymphocyte subsets, leptin, adiponectin and oxidative stress before treatment between the two groups. After 12 weeks of drug treatment, the level of sex hormone P increased and the levels of LH and FSH decreased in both groups. And the research group P was (21.89±2.29) nmol/L higher than the control group, and the LH and FSH were (4.28±0.43) IU/L and (4.91±0.50) IU/L were lower than the control group. The LP level was decreased and the APN level increased in both groups. Moreover LP level in the research group was (15.34±1.52) μg/L lower than that in the control group, and the APN level was (8.39±0.84) mg/L higher than that in the control group. The SOD level was increased and MDA level decreased in both groups. And SOD level in the research group was (33.27±3.29) U/L, which was higher than that in the control group, and the MDA level was (12.47±1.25) nmol/mL, which was lower than that in the control group. CD4+and CD4+/CD8+levels were significantly elevated in both groups, and CD8+levels were significantly decreased. In the research group, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+were (28.87±2.69)% and (1.41±0.14), respectively, higher than the control group, and the number of CD8+cells was (21.05±2.23)% lower than the control group. Conclusion:Bushen Tiaopi can significantly improve sex hormone levels in climacteric syndrome patients, improve immune function, relieve oxidative stress, and improve treatment effects.

Effect of Guizhi Fuling Capsule on sex hormone level and tumor markers in patients with uterine fibroids

Objective:To investigate the effect of Guizhi Fuling Capsule on sex hormones and tumor markers in patients with uterine fibroids, and observe its clinical efficacy.Methods: A total of 120 patients with uterine fibroids who were treated in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2017 were selected according to the order of treatment and divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases each. Mifepristone was administered to the control group and mifepristone combined with Guizhi Fuling Capsules was administered to the observation group. The levels of hemoglobin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sex hormones, tumor markers, and inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Result:The levels of hemoglobin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sex hormones, tumor markers, and inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. After treatment, hemoglobin levels increased significantly in the two groups, VEGF, sex hormones FSH, LH and E2, tumor markers HE4, CA125, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ levels decreased significantly. The hemoglobin level of the observation group was (117.09±11.51) g/L higher than that of the control group , and the level of VEGF was (0.69±0.06) pg/mL lower than that of the control group. The levels of sex hormone FSH, LH and E2 in the observation group were (15.87±1.56) U/L, (10.69±1.06) U/L and (4.95±0.51) pmol/L lower than those of the control group. The levels of HE4, CA125, TNF-α and IFN-γ gamma in the observation group were (52.47±5.24) pmol/L, (15.46±1.53) U/mL, (40.41±4.05) and (16.72±1.62) pg/mL lower than those of the control group.Conclusion:Guizhi Fuling Capsule can significantly improve the level of sex hormones and tumor markers, relieve inflammatory stress and improve the therapeutic effect.

Study the Biochemical Correlation of Insulin Resistance with HbA1c and Sex Hormones in NIDDM Patients/Meisan-Iraq

Objective: The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and certain endocrine disorders has the paucity of information and limited data in the province of Meisan (southern of Iraq). Hence, in the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the levels of plasma HbA1c, serum insulin resistance and levels of serum sex hormones in men and women of control and type 2 diabetic patients. Also, the present study aimed to explored the correlation coefficient (r) between insulin resistance and level of HbA1c, FSH, LH, Tt, progesterone and estradiol in men and women patients with NIDDM. Methods: One hundred Iraqi volunteers with abdominal obesity were selected in the present study. Fifty diabetic patients with NIDDM (26 men, and 24 women) aged between (37) and (65) years and 50 healthy individuals (25 men, and 25 women) aged between (36) and (65) years considered as control group. Complete medical history was taken from each subject and complete clinical examinations were performed for all volunteers. Then, the two groups were matched for their fasting blood sugar, BMI, insulin hormone;c-peptide, HbA1c, sex hormones and insulin resistance parameters (HOMA2-IR, HOMA%B and HOMA%S) were calculated using HOMA2 calculator software. Results: We found that insulin resistance demonstrated negative correlations (p 0.05) with levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, progesterone and estradiol. While, there was a positive and significant correlation (p 0.01) with value of HbA1c in men and women NIDDM patients. Conclusion: We conclude that an increase in the level of insulin resistance is associated with increased level of blood HbA1c and decreased in level of serum sex hormones (FSH, LH, Tt, E2 and progesterone) in men and women of diabetic group. These behaviors might suggest that insulin resistance can be used as a potential biomarker for predicting dysfunction of sex hygiene in NIDDM patients in addition to glycemic control.