Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C investment castings by current solution treatment

This study examined the impact of current solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C alloy investment castings.The findings reveal that the current solution treatment significantly promotes the dissolution of carbides at a lower temperature.The optimal conditions for solution treatment are determined as a solution temperature of 1,125°C and a holding time of 5.0 min.Under these parameters,the size and volume fraction of precipitated phases in the investment castings are measured as6.2μm and 1.1vol.%.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and total elongation of the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.22C investment castings are 535 MPa,760 MPa,and 12.6%,respectively.These values exceed those obtained with the conventional solution treatment at 1,200°C for 4.0 h.The findings suggest a phase transformation of M_(23)C_(6)→σ+C following the current solution treatment at 1,125°C for 5.0 min.In comparison,the traditional solution treatment at 1,200°C for 4.0 h leads to the formation of M_(23)C_(6)and M_(6)C carbides.It is noteworthy that the non-thermal effect of the current during the solution treatment modifies the free energy of both the matrix and precipitation phase.This modification lowers the phase transition temperature of the M_(23)C_(6)→σ+C reaction,thereby facilitating the dissolution of carbides.As a result,the current solution treatment approach achieves carbide dissolution at a lower temperature and within a significantly shorter time when compared to the traditional solution treatment methods.

EXACT SOLUTION FOR RECTANGULAR SLAB WITH THREE EDGES SIMPLY-SUPPORTED AND OTHER FREE

In this paper,we give all-sided pastic analysis of the rectangular slab with three edges simply-supported and other free.Here we discuss the following four cases:(1)The uniformly distributedload over the area a slab.(2).A concentrated load act at midpoint of free edges slab.(3)A concen-trated load act at the center a slab.(4)The line load act along free edge of slab.

Identification of microRNAs and messenger RNAs involved in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction using integrated bioinformatics analysis

In recent years,a large number of differentially expressed genes have been identified in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUMSC)transplants for the treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.These genes are involved in various biochemical processes,but the role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in this process is still unclear.From the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,we downloaded two microarray datasets for GSE78731(messenger RNA(mRNA)profile)and GSE97532(miRNA profile).The differentially expressed genes screened were compared between the hUMSC group and the middle cerebral artery occlusion group.Gene ontology enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted using the online Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery.Identified genes were applied to perform weighted gene co-suppression analyses,to establish a weighted co-expression network model.Furthermore,the protein-protein interaction network for differentially expressed genes from turquoise modules was built using Cytoscape(version 3.40)and the most highly correlated subnetwork was extracted from the protein-protein interaction network using the MCODE plugin.The predicted target genes for differentially expressed miRNAs were also identified using the online database starBase v3.0.A total of 3698 differentially expressed genes were identified.Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes that are related to hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction are involved in endocytosis and inflammatory responses.We identified 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats after hUMSC treatment,and these differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in signaling in inflammatory pathways,such as in the regulation of neutrophil migration.In conclusion,we have identified a number of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed mRNAs,miRNA-mRNAs,and signaling pathways involved in the hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.Bioinformatics and interaction analyses can provide novel clues for further research into hUMSC treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction.

Effect of solution treatment and aging on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy

As-received nickel-titanium （NiTi） shape memory alloy with a nominal composition of Ni50.9Ti49.1 （mole fraction,%） was subjected to solution treatment at 1123 K for 2 h and subsequent aging for 2 h at 573 K, 723 K and 873 K, respectively. The influence of solution treatment and aging on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of NiTi alloy was systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and compression test. Solution treatment contributes to eliminating the Ti2Ni phase in the as-received NiTi sample, in which the TiC phase is unable to be removed. Solution treatment leads to ordered domain of atomic arrangement in NiTi alloy. In all the aged NiTi samples, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates, the R phase and the B2 austenite coexist in the NiTi matrix at room temperature, while the martensitic twins can be observed in the NiTi samples aged at 873 K. In the NiTi samples aged at 573 and 723 K, the fine and dense Ni4Ti3 precipitates distribute uniformly in the NiTi matrix, and thus they are coherent with the B2 matrix. However, in the NiTi sample aged at 873 K, the Ni4Ti3 precipitates exhibit the very inhomogeneous size, and they are coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent with the B2 matrix. In the case of aging at 723 K, the NiTi sample exhibits the maximum yield strength, where the fine and homogeneous Ni4Ti3 precipitates act as the effective obstacles against the dislocation motion, which results in the maximum critical resolved shear stress for dislocation slip.

Performance of a Horizontal Flow Constructed Reed Bed Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: The Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.

Temperature variation and solution treatment of high strength AA7050

Temperature variation and solution treatment of high strength aluminum alloy were investigated with temperature data acquisition system,microstructural observation,mechanical properties test,electrical conductivity measurement and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） analysis.Specimens with two dimensions were employed in the experiment.The results indicate that the specimens with large size undergo low solution temperature and short time,giving rise to the reduction of hardening precipitates.The optimized solution treatments for specimens with dimensions of 25 mm×25 mm×2.5 mm and 70 mm×60 mm×20 mm are（480 ℃,30 min） and（480 ℃,90 min）,respectively.The densities of GP zones and η＇ phases of the small specimen are higher than those of the large specimen,which is consistent with the properties of the alloys.

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure, corrosion resistance, and oxidation behavior of cast G-NiCr28W alloy

G-NiCr28W is a nickel-based cast alloy. Its microstructure consists of nickel-rich matrix phase and chromium-rich eutectic carbides. The solution treatment process can provide homogenous microstructure and desired mechanical/thermal properties for G-NiCr28W alloy. However, the solution treatment process affects the corrosion resistance of the alloy and it causes metal loss due to the occurrence of oxidation at atmospheric conditions. Therefore, determining the changes in the properties of the G-NiCr28W is important. For this purpose, G-NiCr28W specimens were solution treated at 1,040 ℃, 1,100 ℃ and 1,160 ℃ for 1 h and 8 h, respectively. The microstructures of the solution-treated samples were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, hardness, corrosion resistance and oxidation behaviors of the solution-treated samples were examined. The solution treatment process applied at 1,160 ℃ led to the formation of Fe_2W_2C blocky carbides, and hardness of the sample increased with the existence of blocky carbides, while corrosion resistance decreased. Furthermore, excessive metal loss occurred depending on oxidation due to the high process temperature at 1,160 ℃.

Microstructure evolution of modified die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy during solution treatment and its effect on mechanical properties

To optimize the solution treatment process of a modified high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy, the influence of the solution treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms was studied using OM, SEM, EBSD and tensile test. The experimental results suggest that the solution treatment could be completed in a shorter time at a temperature much lower than the conventional practice. Surface blistering could be avoided and substantial strengthening effect could be achieved in the following aging process. Prolonging solution treatment time and elevating solution temperature would be meaningless or even harmful. The rapid evolution of eutectic silicon during solution treatment, especially at the early stage, affected the way of interaction among α-Al grains during plastic deformation, and changed the ultimate mechanical properties and fracture mode.

Characterization of Wastewater in School Environments for an Ecological Treatment Solution: A Case Study of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 School

The study conducted at Ndiebene Gandiol 1 school in Senegal has unveiled serious environmental and public health challenges. The wastewater analysis revealed high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and fecal coliforms, signaling potential risks to the well-being of students and staff. This situation mirrors a wider issue in rural educational settings, where inadequate sanitation persists. Intensive wastewater treatment options are known for their effectiveness against high pollutant loads but are resource-intensive in both energy and cost. Conversely, extensive treatment systems, while requiring more land, provide a sustainable alternative by harnessing natural processes for pollutant removal. The research suggests a hybrid treatment approach could serve the school’s needs, balancing the robust capabilities of intensive methods with the ecological benefits of extensive systems. Such a solution would need to be tailored to the specific environmental, financial, and logistical context of the school, based on comprehensive feasibility studies and stakeholder engagement. This study’s findings underscore the urgency of addressing sanitation in schools, as it is intrinsically linked to the health and academic success of students. Quick, effective, and long-term strategies are vital to secure a healthier and more prosperous future for the youth. With proper implementation, the school can transform its sanitation facilities, setting a precedent for rural educational institutions in Senegal and similar contexts globally.

Effect of solution treatment on corrosion characteristics of biodegradable Mg-6Zn alloy

A binary Mg-6Zn biodegradable alloy was solution treated to evaluate the effects of resulting microstructure changes on the alloy＇s degradation rate and mechanisms in-vitro. The treatment was conducted at 350 °C for 6-48 h. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the as-cast and treated samples. Immersion and electrochemical tests were performed in simulated body fluid at 37 °C to assess the samples corrosion resistance. To confirm the results of the corrosion tests, p H measurement was carried out. It is found that over 24 h solution treatment dissolves intermetallic phases in matrix and produces an almost single phase microstructure. Decreasing the intermetallic phases results in lower cathode/anode region ratios and lowers corrosion rates. The results of the electrochemical and mass loss tests reveal that extended solution treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The results also show that solution at 350 °C for 24 h enhances the corrosion resistance of the as-cast alloy more than 60%. In addition, decreasing intermetallic phases in the microstructure accompanied a lower p H rise reduced corrosion rate. Solution treatment is suggested as a corrosion improving process for the application of Mg-Zn alloys as biodegradable implant materials.

Glial Cell-Targeted Treatments for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of Available Data and Clinical Perspectives

This paper is a systematic review of the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic Google Scholar search aimed at treatment guidelines and clinical trials. The search for treatment guidelines returned 375 papers and was last performed from June 1, 2022 to August 30, 2022. The literature suggests that lithium helps control and alleviate severe mood episodes, and olanzapine is effective for acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Achieving effectiveness or remission is better with Cariprazine. Lurasidone improves cognitive performance. Quetiapine improves sleep quality and co-morbid anxiety. Lamotrigine helps delay depression, mania, and mild manic episodes. Antidepressants are best used in conjunction with mood stabilizers. For co-morbid treatment, carbamazepine and lithium in combination are more effective in the treatment of psychotic mania. Co-morbid anxiety treatment considers adjunctive olanzapine or lamotrigine. Co-morbid bulimia treatment considers a mood stabilizer. Co-morbid fatigue treatment considers a dawn simulator. For diet, pay attention to a healthy diet, patients can ingest probiotics and pay attention to the balance of fatty acids.

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of in-situ Mg_2Si/AZ91D composites

The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure and properties of Mg2Si/AZ91D composites fabricated from Mg-SiO2 system via in-situ processing method was investigated.The results show that coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases can be formed by adding SiO2 into AZ91D magnesium alloy with Si content up to 1.5% of the alloy melt.During solution treatment,the morphology and distribution of the coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases are modified.Meanwhile,the β-Mg17Al12 phase is dissolved into the magnesium matrix.With increasing holding time,the coarse Mg2Si phases tend to dissolve,break and spheroidize.After solution treatment at 420 ℃ for 16 h,Mg2Si phases become the finest and relatively well-distributed phase.The tensile strength and elongation are increased by 14.9% and 38.9%,respectively.It is believed that the Mg2Si phases continuously dissolve and break,and finally the spheroidized Mg2Si particles are obtained due to the interface tension of Mg2Si/Mg interface.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in the Acute Care Setting

Thromboembolic diseases continue to be one of the most prevalent medical problems today and can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, PE diagnosis and treatment are a challenge because of acute onset right ventricular strain with right-sided heart failure, sudden death, pulmonary infarction, and cardiogenic shock, which limit the time for therapeutic success.?The aim of this study was to evaluate our perception, knowledge, and concerns regarding PE, discuss the importance of promptly diagnosing PE to provide appropriate treatment options for this life-threatening condition, list the most common clinical manifestations present when PE is suspected, and review the clinical approach to patients with suspected PE in an inpatient setting.?In addition, this study reviews the risk stratification of patients with PE and treatment options beyond anticoagulation, compares new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE, and compares aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter (Vascular Solutions, Minneapolis, MN)) and ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (USAT) versus systemic thrombolysis.This literature review was limited by the quality and number of studies available regarding new treatment options for patients presenting with acute symptomatic PE. Thus, more studies are needed to prove the validity of newer treatment options being trialed, such as aspiration catheters (10 F Pronto .035” and 14 F XL extraction catheter) and USAT, with the hope that further studies will guide patient management and increase our understanding of next generation aspiration catheters, which may provide novel insights on treating acute symptomatic PE.

Effects of solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-0.12Zr-0.03Sc alloy

Effects of additions minor contents of 0.03%Sc and 0.12%Zr and solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu alloy were studied by metallographic microscopy, differential thermal analysis （DSC） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, in order to obtain high-performance Al alloys. The minor additions of Sc （less than 0.1%） were carried out. The results show that with the additions of 0.03% Sc and 0.12% Zr, the petaloid Al3（Sc,Zr） precipitated phases occur in Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu alloy, and Al3（Sc,Zr） particles obviously hinder the recrystallization of Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu alloy during homogenizing and extruding processes due to their strong pinning effect on dislocation. Multi-stage solution is better than single solution, for it can avoid recrystallization of Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu alloy with the minor contents of Sc （less than 0.1%）. The proper solution treatment is （420 °C, 3 h）＋（465 °C, 2 h） under which Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-0.12Zr-0.03Sc alloy obtains a tensile strength of 777.29 MPa and a elongation of 11.84%.

Microstructural evolution during solution treatment of thixoformed AM60B Mg alloy

The microstructural evolution and kinetic characteristics were studied during solution treatment of AM60B Mg alloy prepared by thixoforming. The results indicate that the microstructural evolution includes two stages： the first stage involves rapid dissolution of eutectic β （Mg 17 Al 12 ） phase, homogenization and coarsening, and the second stage is regarded as normal grain growth consisting of primary α-Mg particles （primary particles） and secondary α-Mg grains （secondary grains）. In the first stage, the dissolution completes in a quite short time because the fine β phase can quickly dissolve into the small-sized secondary grains. The homogenization of Al element needs relatively long time. Simultaneously, the microstructure morphology and average grain size obviously change. The first stage sustains approximately 1 h when it is solutionized at 395 ℃ Comparatively, the second stage needs very long time and the microstructure evolves quite slowly as a result of low Al content gradient and thus low diffusivity of Al element after the homogenization of the first stage. The growth model of primary particles obeys power function while that of the secondary grains follows the traditional growth equation in the first stage. In the second stage, both of the primary particles and secondary grains behave a same model controlled by diffusion along grain boundaries and through crystal lattice.

Oxidation Kinetics of Aluminum Powders in a Gas Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Potential Application of Surge Arresting Materials

In this technical paper, the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of aluminum powders are discussed in great details. The potential applications of spherical aluminum powders after oxidation to be part of the surging arresting materials are discussed. Theoretical calculations of oxidation of spherical aluminum powders in a typical gas fluidization bed are demonstrated. Computer software written by the author is used to carry out the basic calculations of important parameters of a gas fluidization bed at different temperatures. A mathematical model of the dynamic system in a gas fluidization bed is developed and the analytical solution is obtained. The mathematical model can be used to estimate aluminum oxide thickness at a defined temperature. The mathematical model created in this study is evaluated and confirmed consistently with the experimental results on a gas fluidization bed. Detail technical discussion of the oxidation mechanism of aluminum is carried out. The mathematical deviations of the mathematical modeling have demonstrated in great details. This mathematical model developed in this study and validated with experimental results can bring a great value for the quantitative analysis of a gas fluidization bed in general from a theoretical point of view. It can be applied for the oxidation not only for aluminum spherical powders, but also for other spherical metal powders. The mathematical model developed can further enhance the applications of gas fluidization technology. In addition to the development of mathematical modeling of a gas fluidization bed reactor, the formation of oxide film through diffusion on both planar and spherical aluminum surfaces is analyzed through a thorough mathematical deviation using diffusion theory and Laplace transformation. The dominant defects and their impact to oxidation of aluminum are also discussed in detail. The well-controlled oxidation film on spherical metal powders such as aluminum and other metal spherical powders can potentially become an important part of switch devices of surge arresting materials, in general.

Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of Nano-Ionic Solitons and Nano-Ionic Current of MTs Using the exp(-φ (ξ ))-Expansion Method

In this work, the exp(-φ (ξ )) -expansion method is used for the first time to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolution equations. When these parameters are taken to be special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to Nano-ionic solitons wave’s propagation along microtubules in living cells and Nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.

Characterization of mechanical and corrosion properties of cryorolled Al 1100 alloy:Effect of annealing and solution treatment

Effect of annealing and solution treatment prior to cryorolling on the formation of initial structure influencing microstructure formation from nano to micron scale and resultant mechanical and corrosion properties in Al 1100 alloy has been studied in detail.Before subjecting to 50%cryorolling,samples were pre-annealed at 250℃ for 2 h and pre-solution treated at 540℃ for 1 h.X-ray diffraction and HRTEM techniques were used to understand the crystallite size,lattice strain and dislocation configuration in the processed alloy.The results indicate that the pre-annealed sample has the highest grain aspect ratio(4.43),the smallest crystallite size(37.53 nm),the highest lattice strain(9.12×10^(−3))and the highest dislocation density(45.16×10^(13) m^(−2))among the tested sample.The pre-annealed sample shows a significant improvement of 43.44%,24.64%and 20.33%in hardness,ultimate tensile strength and yield strength.Both pre-annealed and pre-solution treated samples show improved corrosion resistance when compared to cryorolled samples without any pre-treatment,with the pre-annealed sample showing the best corrosion resistance.

Subtotal colonic bypass plus colostomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy for the treatment of slow transit constipation in an aged population:A retrospective control study

AIM To compare the efficacy,improved quality of life,and prognosis in patients undergoing either subtotal colonic bypass with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy(SCBAC) or subtotal colonic bypass plus colostomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy(SCBCAC) for the treatment of slow transit constipation.METHODS Between October 2010 and October 2014,aged patients with slow transit constipation who were hospitalized and underwent laparoscopic surgery in our institute weredivided into two groups: the bypass group,15 patients underwent SCBAC,and the bypass plus colostomy group,14 patients underwent SCBCAC. The following preoperative and postoperative clinical data were collected: gender,age,body mass index,operative time,first flatus time,length of hospital stay,bowel movements(BMs),Wexner fecal incontinence scale,Wexner constipation scale(WCS),gastrointestinal quality of life index(GIQLI),numerical rating scale for pain intensity(NRS),abdominal bloating score(ABS),and ClavienDindo classification of surgical complications(CD) before surgery and at 3,6,12,and 24 mo after surgery.RESULTS All patients successfully underwent laparoscopic surgery without open surgery conversion or surgeryrelated death. The operative time and blood loss were significantly less in the bypass group than in the bypass plus colostomy group(P = 0.007). No significant differences were observed in first flatus time,length of hospital stay,or complications with CD > 1 between the two groups. No patients had fecal incontinence after surgery. At 3,6,and 12 mo after surgery,the number of BMs was significantly less in the bypass plus colostomy group than in the bypass group. The parameters at 3,6,12,and 24 mo after surgery in both groups significantly improved compared with the preoperative conditions(P < 0.05),except NRS at 3,6 mo after surgery in both groups,ABS at 12,24 mo after surgery and NRS at 12,24 mo after surgery in the bypass group. WCS,GIQLI,NRS,and ABS significantly improved in the bypass plus colostomy group compared with the bypass group at 3,6,12,and 24 mo after surgery(P < 0.05) except WCS,NRS at 3,6 mo after surgery and ABS at 3 mo after surgery. At 1 year after surgery,a barium enema examination showed that the emptying time was significantly better in the bypass plus colostomy group than in the bypass group(P = 0.007).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic SCBCAC is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of slow transit constipation in an aged population and can significantly improve the prognosis. Its clinical efficacy is more favorable compared with that of SCBAC. Laparoscopic SCBCAC is a better procedure for the treatment of slow transit constipation in an aged population.