Research progress was reviewed on the differential systems for physiologic races of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron,including Williams,differential system and European clubroot differential（ECD） set.The existing prob...Research progress was reviewed on the differential systems for physiologic races of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron,including Williams,differential system and European clubroot differential（ECD） set.The existing problems and countermeasures of the different differential systems were discussed,and a research status quo on the molecular identification and detection of clubroot pathogen in crucifers were introduced.展开更多
In order to clarify the main pathogens of tomato Fusarium wilt in Shanxi Province, China, morphological identification, elongation factor 1 alpha （EF-1α） sequence analysis, specific primer amplification and pathoge...In order to clarify the main pathogens of tomato Fusarium wilt in Shanxi Province, China, morphological identification, elongation factor 1 alpha （EF-1α） sequence analysis, specific primer amplification and pathogenicity tests were applied to study the isolates which were recovered from diseased plants collected from 17 different districts of Shanxi Province. The results were as follows： 1） Through morphological and molecular identification, the following 7 species of Fusarium were identified： F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. chlamydosporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. semitectum; 2） 56 isolates of F. oxysporum were identified using specific primer amplification, among which, 29, 5 and 6 isolates were respectively identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici physiological race 1, race 2, and race 3; 3） pathogenicity test indicated the significant pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, and F. subglutinans to tomato plant. Therefore, among these 4 species confirmed as pathogenic to tomato in Shanxi, the highest isolation rate （53.3％） corresponded to F. oxysporum. Three physiological species, race 1, race 2, and race 3 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are detected in Shanxi, among which race 1 is the most widespread pathogen and is also considered as the predominant race.展开更多
A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were ident...A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were identified by using seven standard Chinese rice blast identifying varieties. Results showed that the dominant groups could be ranked as ZA, ZD, and ZB, with the occurrence frequencies of 47.41%, 22.41% and 15.52%, respectively. The race ZA49 was the dominant race with the occurrence frequency of 26.72%. The occurrence frequencies of the races ZD5 and ZD1 were 10.34% and 8.62%, respectively. The rising occurrence frequencies of these three dominant species were the most important reasons that causing Kongyu-131 more sensitive to rice blast. The results of virulence frequency indicated that the race harboring Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-a gene were more susceptible to rice blast in Heilongjiang Province, and they should not be large-scale cultivated.展开更多
In order to clear the composition and distribution of physiological races of Pyricularia oryae in Heilongjiang Province, 299 single spore isolates of P. oryae collected from five rice regions （30 cities, counties or ...In order to clear the composition and distribution of physiological races of Pyricularia oryae in Heilongjiang Province, 299 single spore isolates of P. oryae collected from five rice regions （30 cities, counties or farms） in Heilongiiang Province form 2007 to 2011 were identified by seven differential varieties in Chi- na, and a total of seven groups with 31 physiological races had been identified. The results showed that ZA, ZD and ZB groups were the dominant groups in Hei- longjiang Province, with the occurrence frequencies of 34.8%, 31.1% and 16.1%, respectively. ZD5 was the dominant race with the oeeurrence frequency of 17.1% ; followed by ZA49 and ZD1 , with the occurrence frequencies of 13.7% and 10.7% , respectively. The types and compositions of physiological races of P. oryae varied with rice regions.展开更多
Tomato leaf mold samples collected from tomato plants cultivated in plastic house in three northeastern provinces of China were studied by artifical spray inoculation at seedling stage,consulting Hubbcling physiologic...Tomato leaf mold samples collected from tomato plants cultivated in plastic house in three northeastern provinces of China were studied by artifical spray inoculation at seedling stage,consulting Hubbcling physiological race differential hosts and adopting Day's classification system(1971).The results indicated that there were three races in these provinces;they were races 1,2,3,race 1,3 and race 3.Among them race 1,2,3 was the predominant.展开更多
灰斑病是大豆尾孢菌(Cercospora sojina K. Hara)导致的世界性大豆真菌病害,在大豆主要生产区的流行有增长趋势,给生产带来重大损失。大豆尾孢菌变异迅速,已演化出多个具有致病性差异的生理小种,导致现有品种抗性不能满足生产需求。随...灰斑病是大豆尾孢菌(Cercospora sojina K. Hara)导致的世界性大豆真菌病害,在大豆主要生产区的流行有增长趋势,给生产带来重大损失。大豆尾孢菌变异迅速,已演化出多个具有致病性差异的生理小种,导致现有品种抗性不能满足生产需求。随着分子生物技术的发展,为了获得具有广谱抗性的种质,近年来研究方向从传统的抗病育种转移到对大豆尾孢菌致病机制解析及大豆抗灰斑病基因精细定位上。本文对大豆尾孢菌生理小种的鉴定及其致病性、抗病遗传、抗病育种等方面的国内外研究进展进行了系统综述,并对未来大豆灰斑病的表型精准鉴定、致病机制解析、抗病基因精细定位和抗病育种进行了探讨,为大豆抗灰斑病的进一步研究提供参考。展开更多
Ninety isolates collected from five different provinces and cities (Hebei, Yunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia ) during 1997 - 1998 were tested with potato clones possessed 8 dominant mono-genes R1, R3, R4, R6, ...Ninety isolates collected from five different provinces and cities (Hebei, Yunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia ) during 1997 - 1998 were tested with potato clones possessed 8 dominant mono-genes R1, R3, R4, R6, R7, R9, R10, R11 and the combination of R1-R4 of the international late blight differential host. It concluded that: (1) in the 90 isolates tested 21 different races were detected, of which the 1.3.4. 7. 9. 10. 11 was very common with frequency of 32. 2%, followed by 1. 3. 4. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11 and 3.4.7. 9. 11 with frequency of 10.0%; (2) all tested resistant genes were compatible to the virulent gene of isolates of Phytophthora infestans assayed, which indicated that the virulent genes were very common in the tested population of Phytophthora infestans.展开更多
【目的】稻瘟病严重威胁吉林省水稻的安全生产,选育和利用抗瘟品种是防控稻瘟病最经济、安全的措施。在明晰稻瘟病菌(Magnaportheoryzae)生理小种类型、分布与致病力的基础上,进行吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗瘟性评价和品种组合利用价值分析...【目的】稻瘟病严重威胁吉林省水稻的安全生产,选育和利用抗瘟品种是防控稻瘟病最经济、安全的措施。在明晰稻瘟病菌(Magnaportheoryzae)生理小种类型、分布与致病力的基础上,进行吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗瘟性评价和品种组合利用价值分析,为品种合理布局和高效利用抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】2021年秋季在吉林省主要稻区采集分离的115份稻瘟病菌菌株中筛选出62个优势单孢菌株,利用7个中国稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别寄主品种(Chinese differential variety,CDV)对其进行稻瘟病菌生理小种构成和致病力分析;对吉林省主要粳稻品种进行苗期单菌株和田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价;苗期与田间鉴定结果相结合,运用联合抗病性系数(resistance association coefficient,RAC)和联合毒力系数(virulence association coefficient,VAC)分析品种组合的抗病效果。【结果】通过CDV抗性表型可将62个稻瘟病菌菌株划分为7群22个生理小种,优势种群为ZG和ZA,出现频率分别为35.48%和32.26%;优势生理小种依次是ZG1、ZA1和ZA17,出现频率为35.48%、9.68%和8.06%;致病率在40%以上的中等致病力小种为ZA49、ZA1、ZB15、ZB23和ZC15。吉林省主要粳稻品种的苗期单菌株接种鉴定结果表明,抗性频率在80%以上的品种占比为48.89%;田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价结果表明,表现为中抗(MR)以上的品种有14个,占鉴定品种总数的15.56%;中感(MS)品种27个,占比为30%;感病(S)品种35个,占比为38.88%;高感(HS)品种14个,占比为15.56%。通过品种组合联合抗性分析,RAC值高且VAC值低的品种组合具有较好的应用前景。【结论】吉林省62个稻瘟病菌的生理小种结构复杂、多样,不同稻区优势生理小种不同。吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗性较好、抗谱较宽,部分品种间组合具有较高的应用价值。展开更多
从山东省寿光市温室、大棚发病番茄植株上分离纯化获得18个菌株(SG1~SG18),通过柯赫氏法则验证菌株致病性,并结合形态学、分子生物学等方法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明:分离纯化的病原菌均为尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. s...从山东省寿光市温室、大棚发病番茄植株上分离纯化获得18个菌株(SG1~SG18),通过柯赫氏法则验证菌株致病性,并结合形态学、分子生物学等方法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明:分离纯化的病原菌均为尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici),所引起的病害为番茄枯萎病。其中菌株SG6、SG7、SG17为番茄枯萎病菌生理小种1,其余菌株为番茄枯萎病菌生理小种3。不同番茄品种接种3个番茄枯萎病菌生理小种的盆栽试验结果表明,釜山88是比较典型的番茄枯萎病菌3个生理小种的易感病品种,圣安妮和草莓番茄是适合寿光地区栽培的较抗番茄枯萎病品种。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2010BAD01B04)Research Fund of Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(2008NG0003)the Genetic Engineering Fund of Department of Finance of Sichuan Province(2011JYGC06)~~
文摘Research progress was reviewed on the differential systems for physiologic races of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron,including Williams,differential system and European clubroot differential（ECD） set.The existing problems and countermeasures of the different differential systems were discussed,and a research status quo on the molecular identification and detection of clubroot pathogen in crucifers were introduced.
基金partially supported by the Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project,China (20120311019-3)the Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Foundation Platform Construction Project,China (1105-0104)the Shanxi Provincial Graduate Education Innovation Project,China (2017BY065)
文摘In order to clarify the main pathogens of tomato Fusarium wilt in Shanxi Province, China, morphological identification, elongation factor 1 alpha （EF-1α） sequence analysis, specific primer amplification and pathogenicity tests were applied to study the isolates which were recovered from diseased plants collected from 17 different districts of Shanxi Province. The results were as follows： 1） Through morphological and molecular identification, the following 7 species of Fusarium were identified： F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. chlamydosporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. semitectum; 2） 56 isolates of F. oxysporum were identified using specific primer amplification, among which, 29, 5 and 6 isolates were respectively identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici physiological race 1, race 2, and race 3; 3） pathogenicity test indicated the significant pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, and F. subglutinans to tomato plant. Therefore, among these 4 species confirmed as pathogenic to tomato in Shanxi, the highest isolation rate （53.3％） corresponded to F. oxysporum. Three physiological species, race 1, race 2, and race 3 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are detected in Shanxi, among which race 1 is the most widespread pathogen and is also considered as the predominant race.
基金Supported by the Youth Science Funds of Heilongjiang Province (QC2010027)
文摘A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were identified by using seven standard Chinese rice blast identifying varieties. Results showed that the dominant groups could be ranked as ZA, ZD, and ZB, with the occurrence frequencies of 47.41%, 22.41% and 15.52%, respectively. The race ZA49 was the dominant race with the occurrence frequency of 26.72%. The occurrence frequencies of the races ZD5 and ZD1 were 10.34% and 8.62%, respectively. The rising occurrence frequencies of these three dominant species were the most important reasons that causing Kongyu-131 more sensitive to rice blast. The results of virulence frequency indicated that the race harboring Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-a gene were more susceptible to rice blast in Heilongjiang Province, and they should not be large-scale cultivated.
基金Supported by "Eleventh Five-Year" National Science and Technology Suppor Program(2007BAD65B022012BAD04B01)
文摘In order to clear the composition and distribution of physiological races of Pyricularia oryae in Heilongjiang Province, 299 single spore isolates of P. oryae collected from five rice regions （30 cities, counties or farms） in Heilongiiang Province form 2007 to 2011 were identified by seven differential varieties in Chi- na, and a total of seven groups with 31 physiological races had been identified. The results showed that ZA, ZD and ZB groups were the dominant groups in Hei- longjiang Province, with the occurrence frequencies of 34.8%, 31.1% and 16.1%, respectively. ZD5 was the dominant race with the oeeurrence frequency of 17.1% ; followed by ZA49 and ZD1 , with the occurrence frequencies of 13.7% and 10.7% , respectively. The types and compositions of physiological races of P. oryae varied with rice regions.
文摘Tomato leaf mold samples collected from tomato plants cultivated in plastic house in three northeastern provinces of China were studied by artifical spray inoculation at seedling stage,consulting Hubbcling physiological race differential hosts and adopting Day's classification system(1971).The results indicated that there were three races in these provinces;they were races 1,2,3,race 1,3 and race 3.Among them race 1,2,3 was the predominant.
文摘灰斑病是大豆尾孢菌(Cercospora sojina K. Hara)导致的世界性大豆真菌病害,在大豆主要生产区的流行有增长趋势,给生产带来重大损失。大豆尾孢菌变异迅速,已演化出多个具有致病性差异的生理小种,导致现有品种抗性不能满足生产需求。随着分子生物技术的发展,为了获得具有广谱抗性的种质,近年来研究方向从传统的抗病育种转移到对大豆尾孢菌致病机制解析及大豆抗灰斑病基因精细定位上。本文对大豆尾孢菌生理小种的鉴定及其致病性、抗病遗传、抗病育种等方面的国内外研究进展进行了系统综述,并对未来大豆灰斑病的表型精准鉴定、致病机制解析、抗病基因精细定位和抗病育种进行了探讨,为大豆抗灰斑病的进一步研究提供参考。
文摘Ninety isolates collected from five different provinces and cities (Hebei, Yunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia ) during 1997 - 1998 were tested with potato clones possessed 8 dominant mono-genes R1, R3, R4, R6, R7, R9, R10, R11 and the combination of R1-R4 of the international late blight differential host. It concluded that: (1) in the 90 isolates tested 21 different races were detected, of which the 1.3.4. 7. 9. 10. 11 was very common with frequency of 32. 2%, followed by 1. 3. 4. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11 and 3.4.7. 9. 11 with frequency of 10.0%; (2) all tested resistant genes were compatible to the virulent gene of isolates of Phytophthora infestans assayed, which indicated that the virulent genes were very common in the tested population of Phytophthora infestans.
文摘【目的】稻瘟病严重威胁吉林省水稻的安全生产,选育和利用抗瘟品种是防控稻瘟病最经济、安全的措施。在明晰稻瘟病菌(Magnaportheoryzae)生理小种类型、分布与致病力的基础上,进行吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗瘟性评价和品种组合利用价值分析,为品种合理布局和高效利用抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】2021年秋季在吉林省主要稻区采集分离的115份稻瘟病菌菌株中筛选出62个优势单孢菌株,利用7个中国稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别寄主品种(Chinese differential variety,CDV)对其进行稻瘟病菌生理小种构成和致病力分析;对吉林省主要粳稻品种进行苗期单菌株和田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价;苗期与田间鉴定结果相结合,运用联合抗病性系数(resistance association coefficient,RAC)和联合毒力系数(virulence association coefficient,VAC)分析品种组合的抗病效果。【结果】通过CDV抗性表型可将62个稻瘟病菌菌株划分为7群22个生理小种,优势种群为ZG和ZA,出现频率分别为35.48%和32.26%;优势生理小种依次是ZG1、ZA1和ZA17,出现频率为35.48%、9.68%和8.06%;致病率在40%以上的中等致病力小种为ZA49、ZA1、ZB15、ZB23和ZC15。吉林省主要粳稻品种的苗期单菌株接种鉴定结果表明,抗性频率在80%以上的品种占比为48.89%;田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价结果表明,表现为中抗(MR)以上的品种有14个,占鉴定品种总数的15.56%;中感(MS)品种27个,占比为30%;感病(S)品种35个,占比为38.88%;高感(HS)品种14个,占比为15.56%。通过品种组合联合抗性分析,RAC值高且VAC值低的品种组合具有较好的应用前景。【结论】吉林省62个稻瘟病菌的生理小种结构复杂、多样,不同稻区优势生理小种不同。吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗性较好、抗谱较宽,部分品种间组合具有较高的应用价值。
文摘从山东省寿光市温室、大棚发病番茄植株上分离纯化获得18个菌株(SG1~SG18),通过柯赫氏法则验证菌株致病性,并结合形态学、分子生物学等方法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明:分离纯化的病原菌均为尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici),所引起的病害为番茄枯萎病。其中菌株SG6、SG7、SG17为番茄枯萎病菌生理小种1,其余菌株为番茄枯萎病菌生理小种3。不同番茄品种接种3个番茄枯萎病菌生理小种的盆栽试验结果表明,釜山88是比较典型的番茄枯萎病菌3个生理小种的易感病品种,圣安妮和草莓番茄是适合寿光地区栽培的较抗番茄枯萎病品种。
