Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to(i) quantify the ...Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to(i) quantify the amounts of N derived from rhizodeposition, root and above-ground biomass of peanut residue in comparison with wheat and(ii) estimate the effect of the residual N on the wheat-growing season in the subsequent year. The plants of peanut and wheat were stem fed with 15 N urea using the cotton-wick method at the Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. The experiment consisted of four residue-returning strategies in a randomized complete-block design:(i) no return of crop residue(CR0);(ii) return of above-ground biomass of peanut crop(CR1);(iii) return of peanut root biomass(CR2); and(iv) return of all residue of the whole peanut plant(CR3). The 31.5 and 21% of the labeled 15 N isotope were accumulated in the above-ground tissues(leaves and stems) of peanuts and wheat, respectively. N rhizodeposition of peanuts and wheat accounted for 14.91 and 3.61% of the BG15 N, respectively. The 15 N from the below-ground 15 N-labeled of peanuts were supplied 11.3, 5.9, 13.5, and 6.1% of in the CR0, CR1, CR2, and CR3 treatments, respectively. Peanut straw contributes a significant proportion of N to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues and N rhizodeposition. With the current production level on the NCP, it is estimated that peanut straw can potentially replace 104 500 tons of synthetic N fertilizer per year. The inclusion of peanut in rotation with cereal can significantly reduce the use of N fertilizer and enhance the system sustainability.展开更多
^(15)N isotope-labeled amino acids(^(15)N-amino acids)are crucial in the fields of biology,medicine,and chemistry.^(15)N-amino acids are conventionally synthesized through microbial fermentation and chemical reductive...^(15)N isotope-labeled amino acids(^(15)N-amino acids)are crucial in the fields of biology,medicine,and chemistry.^(15)N-amino acids are conventionally synthesized through microbial fermentation and chemical reductive amination of ketonic acids methodologies,which usually require complicated procedures,high temperatures,or toxic cyanide usage,causing energy and environmental concerns.Here,we report a sustainable pathway to synthesize ^(15)N-amino acids from readily available ^(15)N-nitrite(^(15)NO_(2)-)and biomass-derived ketonic acids under ambient conditions driven by renewable electricity.A mechanistic study demonstrates a ^(15)N-nitrite→^(15)NH_(2)OH→^(15)N-pyruvate oxime→^(15)N-alanine reaction pathway for ^(15)N-alanine synthesis.Moreover,this electrochemical strategy can synthesize six ^(15)N-amino acids with 68%–95%yields.Furthermore,a ^(15)N-labeled drug of ^(15)N-tiopronin,the most commonly used hepatitis treatment drug,is fabricated using ^(15)N-glycine as the building block.Impressively,^(15)N sources can be recycled by the electrooxidation of ^(15)NH4^(+) to ^(15)NO_(2)-with a method economy.This work opens an avenue for the green synthesis of ^(15)N-labeled compounds or drugs.展开更多
Ethylene participates in the regulation of numerous cellular events and biological processes, including wa- ter loss, during leaf and flower petal wilting. The diverse ethylene responses may be regulated via dynamic i...Ethylene participates in the regulation of numerous cellular events and biological processes, including wa- ter loss, during leaf and flower petal wilting. The diverse ethylene responses may be regulated via dynamic interplays between protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation and protease cleavage. To address how ethylene alters protein phosphorylation through multi-furcated signaling pathways, we performed a lSN stable isotope labelling-based, differential, and quantitative phosphoproteomics study on air- and ethylene-treated ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis double loss-of-function mutant ein3-1/eill-1. Among 535 non-redundant phosphopeptides identified, two and four phosphopeptides were up- and downregulated by ethylene, respectively. Ethylene- regulated phosphorylation of aquaporin PIP2;1 is positively correlated with the water flux rate and water loss in leaf. Genetic studies in combination with quantitative proteomics, immunoblot analysis, protoplast swelling/shrinking experiments, and leaf water loss assays on the transgenic plants expressing both the wild-type and S280A/S283A-mutated PIP2;1 in the both Col-O and ein3eill genetic backgrounds suggest that ethylene increases water transport rate in Arabidopsis cells by enhancing S280/S283 phosphorylation at the C terminus of PIP2;1. Unknown kinase and/or phosphatase activities may participate in the initial up- regulation independent of the cellular functions of EIN3/EIL1. This finding contributes to our understanding of ethylene-regulated leaf wilting that is commonly observed during post-harvest storage of plant organs.展开更多
Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant-animal interactions,research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary res...Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant-animal interactions,research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary reserves and absorption of soil nutrients.We used stable nitrogen isotopes to test how acorns of early-germinating oak species(Quercus variabilis,Q.aliena,and Q.mogolica)trade off nutrients in the cotyledons and those in the soil in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating rodents.Radicle pruning by rodents resulted in root branching in the 3 early-germinating oak species.Moreover,radicle pruning increased shoot dry weight and substantially reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of oak species.Corresponding to the decreased dry weight of roots and root-to-shoot ratio,the dry weight of the remnant cotyledons was higher after radicle pruning in the 3 oak species.We provided first evidence that radicle pruning by seed-eating animals improved seedling performance of early-germinating oaks by increasing absorption of nutrients from soil.The results indicate that early-germinating oak seedlings trade off nutrition budget by altering nutrient absorption from soil and reserve mobilization from cotyledons in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals.Our study provided new insight into the nutrition allocation mechanism of young seedlings in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals,reflecting a mutualistic interaction between early-germinating oak and food-hoarding animals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671640)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503121-11)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300205-01)
文摘Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to(i) quantify the amounts of N derived from rhizodeposition, root and above-ground biomass of peanut residue in comparison with wheat and(ii) estimate the effect of the residual N on the wheat-growing season in the subsequent year. The plants of peanut and wheat were stem fed with 15 N urea using the cotton-wick method at the Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. The experiment consisted of four residue-returning strategies in a randomized complete-block design:(i) no return of crop residue(CR0);(ii) return of above-ground biomass of peanut crop(CR1);(iii) return of peanut root biomass(CR2); and(iv) return of all residue of the whole peanut plant(CR3). The 31.5 and 21% of the labeled 15 N isotope were accumulated in the above-ground tissues(leaves and stems) of peanuts and wheat, respectively. N rhizodeposition of peanuts and wheat accounted for 14.91 and 3.61% of the BG15 N, respectively. The 15 N from the below-ground 15 N-labeled of peanuts were supplied 11.3, 5.9, 13.5, and 6.1% of in the CR0, CR1, CR2, and CR3 treatments, respectively. Peanut straw contributes a significant proportion of N to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues and N rhizodeposition. With the current production level on the NCP, it is estimated that peanut straw can potentially replace 104 500 tons of synthetic N fertilizer per year. The inclusion of peanut in rotation with cereal can significantly reduce the use of N fertilizer and enhance the system sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271213)the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2022M722357)。
文摘^(15)N isotope-labeled amino acids(^(15)N-amino acids)are crucial in the fields of biology,medicine,and chemistry.^(15)N-amino acids are conventionally synthesized through microbial fermentation and chemical reductive amination of ketonic acids methodologies,which usually require complicated procedures,high temperatures,or toxic cyanide usage,causing energy and environmental concerns.Here,we report a sustainable pathway to synthesize ^(15)N-amino acids from readily available ^(15)N-nitrite(^(15)NO_(2)-)and biomass-derived ketonic acids under ambient conditions driven by renewable electricity.A mechanistic study demonstrates a ^(15)N-nitrite→^(15)NH_(2)OH→^(15)N-pyruvate oxime→^(15)N-alanine reaction pathway for ^(15)N-alanine synthesis.Moreover,this electrochemical strategy can synthesize six ^(15)N-amino acids with 68%–95%yields.Furthermore,a ^(15)N-labeled drug of ^(15)N-tiopronin,the most commonly used hepatitis treatment drug,is fabricated using ^(15)N-glycine as the building block.Impressively,^(15)N sources can be recycled by the electrooxidation of ^(15)NH4^(+) to ^(15)NO_(2)-with a method economy.This work opens an avenue for the green synthesis of ^(15)N-labeled compounds or drugs.
文摘Ethylene participates in the regulation of numerous cellular events and biological processes, including wa- ter loss, during leaf and flower petal wilting. The diverse ethylene responses may be regulated via dynamic interplays between protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation and protease cleavage. To address how ethylene alters protein phosphorylation through multi-furcated signaling pathways, we performed a lSN stable isotope labelling-based, differential, and quantitative phosphoproteomics study on air- and ethylene-treated ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis double loss-of-function mutant ein3-1/eill-1. Among 535 non-redundant phosphopeptides identified, two and four phosphopeptides were up- and downregulated by ethylene, respectively. Ethylene- regulated phosphorylation of aquaporin PIP2;1 is positively correlated with the water flux rate and water loss in leaf. Genetic studies in combination with quantitative proteomics, immunoblot analysis, protoplast swelling/shrinking experiments, and leaf water loss assays on the transgenic plants expressing both the wild-type and S280A/S283A-mutated PIP2;1 in the both Col-O and ein3eill genetic backgrounds suggest that ethylene increases water transport rate in Arabidopsis cells by enhancing S280/S283 phosphorylation at the C terminus of PIP2;1. Unknown kinase and/or phosphatase activities may participate in the initial up- regulation independent of the cellular functions of EIN3/EIL1. This finding contributes to our understanding of ethylene-regulated leaf wilting that is commonly observed during post-harvest storage of plant organs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070447 and 31760156)Young Talents Introduction and Education Program of Shandong Province(20190601).
文摘Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant-animal interactions,research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary reserves and absorption of soil nutrients.We used stable nitrogen isotopes to test how acorns of early-germinating oak species(Quercus variabilis,Q.aliena,and Q.mogolica)trade off nutrients in the cotyledons and those in the soil in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating rodents.Radicle pruning by rodents resulted in root branching in the 3 early-germinating oak species.Moreover,radicle pruning increased shoot dry weight and substantially reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of oak species.Corresponding to the decreased dry weight of roots and root-to-shoot ratio,the dry weight of the remnant cotyledons was higher after radicle pruning in the 3 oak species.We provided first evidence that radicle pruning by seed-eating animals improved seedling performance of early-germinating oaks by increasing absorption of nutrients from soil.The results indicate that early-germinating oak seedlings trade off nutrition budget by altering nutrient absorption from soil and reserve mobilization from cotyledons in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals.Our study provided new insight into the nutrition allocation mechanism of young seedlings in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals,reflecting a mutualistic interaction between early-germinating oak and food-hoarding animals.