Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always effective.Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)c...Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always effective.Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks postpartum.Methods Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment.Cows were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same diet.Treatment effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.Results No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d postpartum.Cows receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of lactation.Infusion of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with CON.Compared to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.展开更多
目的分析复方α-酮酸联合盐酸贝那普利对糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者肾功能及血清炎症因子的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年4月海口市第四人民医院收治的82例DKD患者,随机分为观察组、对照组各41例,在常规治疗基础上,对照组予以盐酸贝那普利...目的分析复方α-酮酸联合盐酸贝那普利对糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者肾功能及血清炎症因子的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年4月海口市第四人民医院收治的82例DKD患者,随机分为观察组、对照组各41例,在常规治疗基础上,对照组予以盐酸贝那普利治疗2个月,观察组采用复方α-酮酸片联合盐酸贝那普利治疗2个月。比较两组治疗效果、血糖参数、肾功能和炎症因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]水平变化,记录两组不良反应。结果观察组治疗有效率为90.24%,高于对照组的70.73%(P<0.05);治疗后观察组FPG、2hPG、HbA1c及24 h UAER、BUN、Scr均低于对照组,eGFR高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率分别为12.20%、7.32%(P>0.05)。结论复方α-酮酸联合盐酸贝那普利治疗DKD疗效较好,可明显改善患者血糖水平及肾功能,降低炎症反应。展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidants,including α-ketoacids （α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate）,lactate and glutamate/malate combination,against oxidative stress on rat spermatozoa. Our res...The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidants,including α-ketoacids （α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate）,lactate and glutamate/malate combination,against oxidative stress on rat spermatozoa. Our results showed that H2O2 （250 μmol L^-1）-induced damages,such as impaired motility,adenosine triphosphate （ATP） depletion,inhibition of sperm protein phosphorylation,reduced acrosome reaction and decreased viability,could be significantly prevented by incubation of the spermatozoa with α-ketoglutarate （4 mmol L^-1） or pyruvate （4 mmol L^-1）. Without exogenous H2O2 in the medium,the addition of pyruvate （4 mmol L^-1） significantly increased the superoxide anion （O2^-·） level in sperm suspension （P≤0.01）,whereas the addition of α-ketoglutarate （4 mmol L^-1） and lactate （4 mmol L^-1） significantly enhanced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with the size of 95 kDa （P≤0.04）. At the same time,α-ketoglutarate,pyruvate,lactate,glutamate and malate supplemented in media can be used as important energy sources and supply ATP for sperm motility. In conclusion,the present results show that α-ketoacids could be effective antioxidants for protecting rat spermatozoa from H2O2 attack and could be effective components to improve the antioxidant capacity ofBiggers,Whitten and Whittingham media.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant No.2021-67015-33383 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture(Washington,DC)and USDA,AgBioResearch,Michigan State University.
文摘Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always effective.Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks postpartum.Methods Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment.Cows were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same diet.Treatment effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.Results No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d postpartum.Cows receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of lactation.Infusion of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with CON.Compared to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.
文摘目的分析复方α-酮酸联合盐酸贝那普利对糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者肾功能及血清炎症因子的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年4月海口市第四人民医院收治的82例DKD患者,随机分为观察组、对照组各41例,在常规治疗基础上,对照组予以盐酸贝那普利治疗2个月,观察组采用复方α-酮酸片联合盐酸贝那普利治疗2个月。比较两组治疗效果、血糖参数、肾功能和炎症因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]水平变化,记录两组不良反应。结果观察组治疗有效率为90.24%,高于对照组的70.73%(P<0.05);治疗后观察组FPG、2hPG、HbA1c及24 h UAER、BUN、Scr均低于对照组,eGFR高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组血清IL-6、hs-CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率分别为12.20%、7.32%(P>0.05)。结论复方α-酮酸联合盐酸贝那普利治疗DKD疗效较好,可明显改善患者血糖水平及肾功能,降低炎症反应。
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidants,including α-ketoacids （α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate）,lactate and glutamate/malate combination,against oxidative stress on rat spermatozoa. Our results showed that H2O2 （250 μmol L^-1）-induced damages,such as impaired motility,adenosine triphosphate （ATP） depletion,inhibition of sperm protein phosphorylation,reduced acrosome reaction and decreased viability,could be significantly prevented by incubation of the spermatozoa with α-ketoglutarate （4 mmol L^-1） or pyruvate （4 mmol L^-1）. Without exogenous H2O2 in the medium,the addition of pyruvate （4 mmol L^-1） significantly increased the superoxide anion （O2^-·） level in sperm suspension （P≤0.01）,whereas the addition of α-ketoglutarate （4 mmol L^-1） and lactate （4 mmol L^-1） significantly enhanced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with the size of 95 kDa （P≤0.04）. At the same time,α-ketoglutarate,pyruvate,lactate,glutamate and malate supplemented in media can be used as important energy sources and supply ATP for sperm motility. In conclusion,the present results show that α-ketoacids could be effective antioxidants for protecting rat spermatozoa from H2O2 attack and could be effective components to improve the antioxidant capacity ofBiggers,Whitten and Whittingham media.
