SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIPHENYL-1.3,4-DIAZAPHOSPHOLID1N-2-ONE-4-OXIDE BY MANNICH-TYPE REACTION

Phenylurea reacted with dichlorophenylphosphine and aldehydes or ketones by Mannich-type reaction in anhydrous benzene to give five-mem- bered phosphorous heterocyclic compounds.However.derivatives of α-ureidoalkylphosphonic acids were obtained as the reaction performed in glacial acetic acid.

THE NEGATIVE-ION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION MASS SPECTRA OF SOME 2, 6, 7-TRIOXA-1-PHOSPHABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE-1-OXIDE DERIVATIVES

The metaphosphate anion, PO_3, was detected in the negative-ion chemicalionization mass spectra of 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phospbabicyclo[2.2. 2] octane-1-oxides.

SYNTHESES AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON 4-^(13)C-NMR OF BIOACTIVE 4-SUBSTITUTED-2,6,7-TRIOXA-1-PHOSPHABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE-1-OXIDES

Ten 4-substituted bicyclic phosphates were synthesized and their ^(13)C-NMR were also determined.A good relationship was observed between 4-^(13)C chemical shift and Taft σ_X induc- tive paramenters.Substituent effects on ~3J_(P-C) coupling constant were studied.

THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF Pt(Ⅱ)AND Ir(Ⅲ)WITH 2-MERCAPTOPYRIDINE-1-OXIDE AND ITS METHYL DERIVATIVES

Six coordination compounds of Pt(Ⅱ)L_2 and Ir(Ⅲ)L_3 type(where L is PT^-, 3Me-PT^-or 4Me-PT^-)are reported here.Four coordination compounds of the latter two ligands have never been reported before,while PT^-'s were synthesized with H_2PtCl_6 and(NH_4)_3IrCl_6 respectively,which were different from the methods of Davidson et al.~1 and Sterinbrech^2.They were characterized by elemental analysis, UV,IR,~1HNMR and molar conductance.Their structural formulas have been determined,and the mechanism of synthetic reaction has been discussed.

THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF 2-MERCAPTOPYRIDINE-1-OXIDE WITH THE FIPST TRANSITION SERIES METALS

The stability of the coordination compounds of the first transition series metal ions(Mn(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)and Zn(Ⅱ))with 2-mercaptopyridine-1- oxide is reported.A coordination compound CoL_2 is synthesized and characterized for the first time.

DETERMINATION OF STABILITY CONSTANTS OF THE COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF Au(Ⅲ)-2-MERCAPTOPYRIDINE-1-OXIDE AND METHYL DERIVATIVES——METHOD OF DUAL-WAVELENGTH CORRESPONDING SOLUTIONS

In this paper,we report the deductive formula used for the method of dual-wavelength corresponding solutions under condition of having ligand interference and the stability constants of three new coordination compounds [AuL_2]^+determined with this method.The stability of the three compounds,the necessity of controlling pH in experimental systems and the advantage of this method are discussed in detail.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals novel biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in esophageal tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide,and its development comprises a multistep process from intraepithelial neoplasia(IN)to carcinoma(CA).However,the critical regulators and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.AIM To explore the genes and infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment that are associated with the multistage progression of ESCC to facilitate diagnosis and early intervention.METHODS A mouse model mimicking the multistage development of ESCC was established by providing warter containing 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4NQO)to C57BL/6 mice.Moreover,we established a control group without 4NQO treatment of mice.Then,transcriptome sequencing was performed for esophageal tissues from patients with different pathological statuses,including low-grade IN(LGIN),high-grade IN(HGIN),and CA,and controlled normal tissue(NOR)samples.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in the LGIN,HGIN,and CA groups,and the biological functions of the DEGs were analyzed via Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses.The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to detect the pattern of immune cell infilt-ration.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was also conducted to validate our results.Finally,the Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis was utilized to measure the serum cytokine levels in the mice.RESULTS Compared with those in the NOR group,a total of 681541,and 840 DEGs were obtained in the LGIN,HGIN,and CA groups,respectively.Using the intersection of the three sets of DEGs,we identified 86 genes as key genes involved in the development of ESCC.Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were enriched mainly in the keratinization,epidermal cell differentiation,and interleukin(IL)-17 signaling pathways.CIBERSORT analysis revealed that,compared with those in the NOR group,M0 and M1 macrophages in the 4NQO group showed stronger infiltration,which was validated by IHC.Serum cytokine analysis revealed that,compared with those in the NOR group,IL-1βand IL-6 were upregulated,while IL-10 was downregulated in the LGIN,HGIN,and CA groups.Moreover,the expression of the representative key genes,such as S100a8 and Krt6b,was verified in external human samples,and the results of immunohistochemical staining were consistent with the findings in mice.CONCLUSION We identified a set of key genes represented by S100a8 and Krt6b and investigated their potential biological functions.In addition,we found that macrophage infiltration and abnormal alterations in the levels of inflam-mation-associated cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10,in the peripheral blood may be closely associated with the development of ESCC.

The development of the 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1 gene(DECR 1) in pig

2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase gene （DECR 1） is mapped on pig 4 q1.2, includes ten exons and nine introns of variable size that span 30 kb. DECR 1 gene participates in the β-oxidation pathway, affects the content of intramuscular fatty acid, especially the percentage of linoleic acid. The expression of DECR 1 gene has important influence on IMF, the pH, and the meat colour of pork further affects the meat quality.

Syntheses and properties of 2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]-6-alkoxylmethyl-tetrahydro-2H-1, 3, 2-oxazapho-sphorine-2-oxide

The syntheses of a series of 2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]-6-alkoxylmethyl-tetrahydro-2H-1, 3, 2-oxazaphosphonne-2-oxide are described The structures of all target compounds have been determined by 1H NMR, MS and elementary analysis, and their configurations and conformations have been studied by 31P NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis. The properties of NMR and MS of these compounds are

Three Zinc(Ⅱ) Complexes Based on 2-Carboxylic Acid-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fluorescence Properties

Three new metal-organic complexes, namely [Zn(POA)2(H2O)2](1), [Zn(POA)2(H2O)2]·2H2O(2) and [Zn(POA)2]n(3), have been synthesized by organic ligand 2-carboxylic acid-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide(POA) and zinc(Ⅱ) ions. The structures of complexes 1~3 are characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, XRD powder diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal stability analysis method. Complex 1 belongs to monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 22.8215(15), b = 7.5613(16), c = 10.048(3) ?, β = 109.47°, V = 1634.7(6) ?~3, Z = 4, F(000) = 944, Dc = 1.900 g/cm^3, C(12)H(10)N4O(12)Zn, Mr = 467.61 and μ = 1.584 mm^(-1). The whole molecule presents "V" shape. Complex 2 is a centrosymmetric structure in triclinic system with space group P1: a = 7.4728(5), b = 7.6825(6), c = 8.5184(6) ?, α = 65.975(2), β = 79.87(2), γ = 89.855(2)°, V = 4384.1(5) ?~3, Z = 1, F(000) = 256, Dc = 1.908 g/cm^3, C(12)H(14)N4O(14)Zn, Mr = 503.64 and μ = 1.492 mm^(-1). Complex 3 is a one-dimensional chain structure belonging to monoclinic system and space group P21/c with a = 4.9456(6), b = 12.5322(14), c = 11.2514(13) ?, β = 97.313(11)°, V = 6916.8(14) ?~3, Z = 2, F(000) = 432, Dc = 2.072 g/cm^3, C(12)H6N4O(10)Zn, Mr = 431.58, and μ = 1.852 mm^(-1). In three complexes, six oxygen atoms from the surrounding coordination atoms form a ZnO6 distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the zinc ions. Meanwhile, fluorescent properties of the three complexes were investigated at room temperature. The fluorescence spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that the ligand POA shows red-shift after coordinating with the zinc(Ⅱ) ions.

Extraction of palladium(Ⅱ) with OTMSO from acidic media

The extraction of palladium(Ⅱ) from acidic media with cyclic sulfoxidedervva-tive-α-octyl-tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide (OTMSO) was investigated. The extraction efficiencyof palla-dium(Ⅱ) with OTMSO is 97.1% at 0.3 mol·L^(-1) OTMSO. The plots of the extractionefficiency for palla-dium(Ⅲ) appear to lie on a convex curve having a minimum of extractionefficiency at 1-2 mol·L^(-1) HCl. The extraction reaction of palladium(Ⅱ) with OTMSO isendothermic, and ΔH_(OTMSO)~θ = 12.2 kJ·mol^(-1). The coordination number was studied with slopemethod. The result indicates that coordination number is 2. FT-IR spectra were used to analyze thestructure of complex and coordinated atom in complex. Pd is coordinated with both oxygen and sulfuratom in S=O group in OTMSO. The situation and intensity of peaks contributed by complex preparedfrom various acidity were different. The recovery of palladium(Ⅱ) with OTMSO from scrap containingpalladium was discussed. After silver and bismuth were removed, the feed solution was extractedthree times by 40% (volume fraction) OTMSO-kerosene. The loaded organic phase was scrubbed threetimes, and stripped three times by 2 mol·L^(-1) NH_3·H_2O solution. The total recovery ofpalladium was 99.8%, and the purity of palladium was 99.8 %.

Extraction of gold, palladium, and platinum from acidic media with cyclic sulfoxide derivative

The extraction of gold （Ⅲ）, palladium （Ⅱ）, and platinum （Ⅳ） from the acidic media with the cyclic sulfoxide derivative of α-dodecyl-tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide （dtmso） was investigated. Gold （Ⅲ）, palladium （Ⅱ）, and platinum （Ⅳ） could be separated from the acidic media with suitable sulfoxide concentration and acidity. The extraction reaction of gold （Ⅲ）, palladium （Ⅱ） or platinum （Ⅳ） is exothermic when dtmso is used as an extracting reagent. The coordination number was studied by the slope method. The results indicate that, in high acidity, the dtmso coordination number for extracting gold （Ⅲ） or palladium （Ⅱ） is 3, and that for platinum （Ⅳ） is 2. UV and FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the structure of the complex. Gold （Ⅲ） is coordinated with the oxygen atom in S=O group in dtmso, and palladium （Ⅱ） or platinum （Ⅳ） is coordinated with the sulfur atom in S=O group in dtmso.

Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Oral and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Mice

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis. Recent studies indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may contribute to the development of many disorders, including colon cancer. However, little is known about the profile of microbial populations during upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. In this study, a chemical mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), was used to induce oral and esophageal carcinoma in eight-week old male C57BL/6 mice through their drinking water. The changes in the gut microbiota during oral and esophageal carcinogenesis were investigated through 16S sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Histological analyses of tissue sections demonstrated various stages of lesions in the tongue and esophagus of mice after 4NQO treatment. There was no significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota between the 4NQO group and the control group. However, the bacterial composition of gut microbiota was significantly different in the 4NQO group compared with the control group. In conclusion, the current murine model suggests that the gut microbiota may be involved in the occurrence of chemically-induced squamous cell carcinoma in the tongue and esophagus. A better understanding of the definite relationship between the microbiome and upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis might provide potential targets for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

PITPNC1 promotes the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue under acute cold exposure

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in non-shivering thermogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PITPNC1) is identified as a lipid transporter that reciprocally transfers phospholipids between intracellular membrane structures. However, the physiological significance of PITPNC1 and its regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PITPNC1 is a key player in thermogenesis of BAT. While Pitpnc1^(−/−) mice do not differ with wildtype mice in body weight and insulin sensitivity on either chow or high-fat diet, they develop hypothermia when subjected to acute cold exposure at 4℃. The Pitpnc1^(−/−) brown adipocytes exhibit defective β-oxidation and abnormal thermogenesis-related metabolism pathways in mitochondria. The deficiency of lipid mobilization in Pitpnc1^(−/−) brown adipocytes might be the result of excessive accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and a reduction of phosphatidic acid. Our findings have uncovered significant roles of PITPNC1 in mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis.

Engineering caveolin-mediated endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

As a potential substitute for fatty acids,common low-cost oils could be used to produce acetyl-CoA derivatives,which meet the needs of low-cost industrial production.However,oils are hydrophobic macromolecules and cannot be directly transported into cells.In this study,caveolin was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to absorb exogenous oils.The expression of caveolin fused with green fluorescent protein showed that caveolin mediated the formation of microvesicles in S.cerevisiae and the addition of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein showed that caveolae had the ability to transport exogenous substances into cells.The intracellular and extracellular triacylglycerol levels were then detected after the addition of soybean oil pre-stained with Nile Red,which proved that caveolae had the ability to absorb the exogenous oils.Lastly,caveolin for oils absorption and lipase from Bacillus pumilus for oil hydrolysis were co-expressed in the naringenin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain,resulting in naringenin production increasing from 222 mg/g DCW(dry cell weight)(231 mg/L)to 269 mg/g DCW(241 mg/L).These results suggested that the caveolin-mediated transporter independent oil transport system would provide a promising strategy for the transport of hydrophobic substrates.