On the horizontal distribution of algal-bloom in Chaohu Lake and its formation process

Based on the remote sensing images of algae, the present work analyzes the horizontal distribution characteristics of algal blooms in Chaohu Lake, China, which also reveals the frequency of algal blooms under different wind directions. Further, an unstructured-grid, three-dimensional finite-volume coastal ocean model （FVCOM） is applied to investigate the wind-induced currents and the transport pro- cess to explain the reason why algal blooms occur at the detected places. We first deduce the primary distribution of biomass from overlaid satellite images, and explain the formation mechanism by analyzing the pollution sources, and simulating the flow field and transportation process under prevailing wind over Chaohu Lake. And then, we consider the adjustment action of the wind on the corresponding day and develop a two-time scale approach to describe the whole formation process of algae horizontal distribution in Chaohu Lake. That is, on the longer time scale, i.e., during bloom season, prevailing wind determines the primary distribution of biomass by inducing the characteristic flow field; on the shorter time scale, i.e., on the day when bloom occurs, the wind force adjusts the primary distribution of biomass to form the final distribution of algal bloom.

Origin of diffraction fringes in two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions for single ionization of atoms in few-cycle intense laser pulses

We use the strong field approximation with a time window function controlling the release time of electrons to study the intra-cycle and inter-cycle interferences in few-cycle intense laser pulses impinging on He. The diffraction fringes, i.e., the vertical stripe-like structure, observed in the experimental two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions of Gopal et al. （2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 053001） have been attributed to the interplay of the intra- and inter-cycle interferences. The pure numerical calculations by solving the time-dependent Schrrdinger equation are also performed and the results are compared with the experimental measurements directly. It has been found that the position of the stripe-like structure can be used to determine the duration of the laser pulses used in experiments.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMBUSTION SPACE IN GLASS MELTING FURNACES

Under some assumptions and dividing the combustion space into several isothermal zones and isothermal surface elements, a two-dimensional mathematical model for combustion space in cross-fired glass melting furnaces was constructed. The finite element method and the Gauss integration were used to calculate direct ex-change areas, and a inverse matrix was used to obtained the total ex-change areas. The temperature distributions were obtained by itera-tions. Some results were presented to show the effects of the fire tem-perature distribution, the convective -heat transfer coefficients and the heat losses through crown surfaces on the temperature distributions.

Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

Au nanoparticles are expected for the media to transfer genes into plants. However, the control of particle size distribution （PSD） and shape of Au nanoparticles is too difficult to design and prepare particles with suitable quality for the gene supporting media. Reduction crystal- lization experiments were performed in aqueous solution in order to clarify the effect of feeding conditions such as feeding profile, feeding rate, and feeding amount on PSD and shape of Au nanopartieles. Ascorbic acid （AsA） was selected as a reducing agent because it is safe for plants. Au particles of 50nm, 50-200nm, and 150-400nm were obtained in batch operation, single-jet, and double-jet, respectively. Moreover, in single-jet and double-jet, the mean size of the obtained Au particles increases with the decrease of feeding rate or the increase of feeding amount. It is concluded that PSD of Au nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 50-400 nm by changing feeding conditions of AsA and HAuCl4 aqueous solution.

Uniqueness of Cycle Length Distributions of Certain Bipartite Graphs K_(n,n+7)-A(|A| ≤ 3)

The cycle length distribution of a graph of order n is denoted by (c1,c2,...,cn), where ci is the number of cycles of length i. In this paper, we obtain that a graph G is uniquely determined by its cycle distribution if: (1) G = Kn,n+7 (n ≥ 10); or (2) G = Kn,n+7 - A (|A| = 1,n ≥ 12); or (3) G = Kn,n+7 - A (|A| = 2,n ≥ 14); or (4) G = Kn,n+7 - (|A| = 3,n ≥ 16), where A - E(Kn,n+7).

Meromorphic Solutions of Systems of Higher-Order Algebraic Differential Equations in Complex Domain

Using the Nevanlinna theory of the value distribution of meromorphic func- tions,we investigate the problem of the existence of admissible meromorphic solutions of a type of systems of higher-order algebraic differential equations.