Effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α_1-adrenergic receptor and phospholipase A, in acute lung injury

Objective: To imastigate the effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α1- adrenergic receptor andphospholipase A, in acute lung injurg. Methods: Change of α1--adrenergic receptor (al AR ) in lung tissllesduring endotoxin--induced rat acute lung injury was measured with radioligand biding assay. The effects ofanisodamine on pulmonary α1--AR and phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) were observed. Results: 1. 4 h after theendotoxin injection, there was a significant decrease in the maximal binding capacity of α1--AR by 34% ascompared with the control group. meanwhile elevated activity of PLA2 in rat lung and reduction of thephospholipids content of cell membrane was found. 2. Anisodamine could attenuate endotoxin--induced acutelung injury in rats. Conclusion: This effect might be related to anisodamine’s blockage of α1--AR andsuppression of PLA2, prevention of membranous phospholipids from degradation. and the reduction ofarachidonic acid release.

Hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919)ameliorates functional deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice by activating the sigma-1 receptor for antioxidation

Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.

P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau.Targeting amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer’s disease treatments in the last decades.However,existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic,necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies.Increasing evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients,with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors,particularly the P2Y1 receptor,all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.These receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.This review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer’s disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating neuroinflammation,thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.

Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 in secondary injury after cerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery,causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically,especially among patients with poor functional outcomes.ICH is often accompanied by decreased consciousness and limb dysfunction.This seriously affects patients’ability to live independently.Although rapid advances in neurosurgery have greatly improved patient survival,there remains insufficient evidence that surgical treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes.With in-depth pathophysiological studies after ICH,increasing evidence has shown that secondary injury after ICH is related to long-term prognosis and that the key to secondary injury is various immune-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions after ICH.In basic and clinical studies of various systemic inflammatory diseases,triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2(TREM-1/2),and the TREM receptor family is closely related to the inflammatory response.Various inflammatory diseases can be upregulated and downregulated through receptor intervention.How the TREM receptor functions after ICH,the types of results from intervention,and whether the outcomes can improve secondary brain injury and the long-term prognosis of patients are unknown.An analysis of relevant research results from basic and clinical trials revealed that the inhibition of TREM-1 and the activation of TREM-2 can alleviate the neuroinflammatory immune response,significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage,and thus improve the ability of patients to live independently.

Activin A receptor type 1C single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Chinese population

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.

Programmed cell death receptor 1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer

This editorial discusses Christodoulidis et al's article,which appeared in the most recent edition.The clinical trials have demonstrated the programmed cell death receptor 1(PD-1)inhibitor Pembrolizumab involved combination therapy can improve the efficacy of advanced gastric cancer(AGC).Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy can enhance its sensitivity,and further eliminate tumor cells that develop resistance to chemotherapy.The combination of Pembrolizumab and Trastuzumab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 showed improved prognosis.The overall toxic effects of Pembrolizumab are significantly lower than traditional chemotherapy,and the safety is controllable.PD-1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab sheds a light on the treatment of AGC and brings new hope to the clinical practice.

Baicalin reduces chronic stress-induced breast cancer metastasis via directly targeting β2-adrenergic receptor

Recent studies have shown that stress can substantially facilitate breast cancer metastasis,which can be reduced by nonselective β1/β2-adrenergic receptor(β1/β2-AR)blocker.However,several side effects were identified.Thus,it is extremely warranted to explore more effective and better-tolerated β2-AR blocker.Currently,we demonstrated that baicalin(BA),a major bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,could significantly attenuate stress hormones especially epinephrine(Epi)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro.Mechanistically,we identified that β2-AR was a direct target of BA via the drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)combined with mass spectrum assay,and BA photoaffinity probe with pull-down assay,which was further confirmed by a couple of biophysical and biochemical assays.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BA could directly bind to the Phe193 and Phe-289 of β2-AR,subsequently inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-focal adhesion kinase(cAMP-PKA-FAK)pathway,and thus impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby hindering the metastatic progression of the chronic stress coupled with syngeneic and xenograft in vivo orthotopic and tail vein mouse model.These findings firstly identify BA as a potential b2-AR inhibitor in the treatment of stress-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists on proteinuria and weight in a diabetes cohort

BACKGROUND With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems,diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease(CKD)be treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)and/or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for renal protection.The real-world efficacy of the two medications on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio(UACR)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)remains to be explored.AIM To evaluate the SGLT2i and GLP-1RA application rates and UACR alterations after intervention in a real-world cohort of patients with diabetes.METHODS A cohort of 5482 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and followed up at the Integrated Care Clinic for Diabetes of Peking University First Hospital for at least 6 months.Propensity score matching was performed,and patients who were not recommended for GLP-1RA or SGLT2i with comparable sex categories and ages were assigned to the control group at a 1:2 ratio.Blood glucose,body weight,UACR and eGFR were evaluated after 6 months of treatment in real-world clinical practice.RESULTS A total of 139(2.54%)patients started GLP-1RA,and 387(7.06%)received SGLT2i.After 6 months,the variations in fasting blood glucose,prandial blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin between the GLP-1RA group and the SGLT2i and control groups were not significantly different.UACR showed a tendency toward a greater reduction compared with the control group,although this difference was not statistically significant(GLP-1RA vs control,-2.20 vs 30.16 mg/g,P=0.812;SGLT2i vs control,-20.61 vs 12.01 mg/g,P=0.327);eGFR alteration also showed no significant differences.Significant weight loss was observed in the GLP-1RA group compared with the control group(GLP-1RA vs control,-0.90 vs 0.27 kg,P<0.001),as well as in the SGLT2i group(SGLT2i vs control,-0.59 vs-0.03 kg,P=0.010).CONCLUSION Compared with patients who received other glucose-lowering drugs,patients receiving SGLT2i or GLP-1RAs presented significant weight loss,a decreasing trend in UACR and comparable glucose-lowering effects in realworld settings.

EFFECT OF α_1 AND α_2 RECEPTORS IN THE RABBIT THORACIC SPINAL CORD ON ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT "NEIGUAN" FOR TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA

In the present paper, the effect of α1 and α2 subtypes of the thoracic spinal cord on electroacupuncture (EA)-induced improvement of ischemic cardiac electrical and mechanical activities was observed in 80 anesthetized rabbits by using ECG-ST, MBP, LVP and dp/dt max as indexes. Results showed that:1) EA at "Neiguan" could significantly improve the electrical and mechanical activities of the ischemic heart; 2) the effect of EA could be enhanced to a certain degree when α1 receptors of the thoracic spinal cord were activated by subarachnoid microinjection of phenylephrine, while it was weakened when α1 receptors were inhibited by microinjection of parison; and 3) activation or inhibition of α2 receptors of the thoracic spinal cord by microinjection of clonidine and yohimbine had no marked influence on the effect of EA in improving electrical activity of the ischemic heart, but when activated,they could weaken the effect of EA in raising MBP; while suppressed, they had no any striking influence on the effect of EA in raising MBP. It suggests that among α-receptors, predominantly α1-receptors participate in the process of EA-induced improvement of performance of ischemic heart.

SNP Identification in α_(2A)-Adrenergic Receptor Gene in Chinese and the Effect on Gene Expression

Objective: To scan single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in Chinese alpha-2Aadrenergic receptor (α_(2A)-AR) gene and study the effects of the SNP on the gene expression.Methods: The complete sequence of α_(2A)-AR gene was analyzed with automated DNA sequencer to scanSNPs. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and a 239 bp fragment containing the G/Cpolymorphism was amplified with PCR using a pair of. specific primers. PCR-RFLP was used to performthe genotyping of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp of the people in the North of China. Electrophoresismobility shift assay ( EMSA ) was used to study the binding of the 390 bp fragments (- 1 414-1 025bp) with G or C at the site-1 296 bp and nuclear extracts . Results: In our study, two SNPs werefound in α_(2A)-AR gene. Allele frequencies of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp were 0.61 and 0.39 forG and C , and the genotype frequencies were 0.34 , 0.54 and 0.13 for GG, GC and CC respectively fromthe people in the North of China. In the EMSA, a specific binding appeared in the complex ofnuclear extracts and DNA with C at-1 296 bp . Conclusion: Two SNPs exist in α_(2A)-AR gene from thepeople in the North of China , and DNA fragment with allele C of the SNP at the site-1 296 bp couldbind with a specific protein, which could influence the gene expression.

lncRNA-BBOX1-2通过调控成纤维细胞生长因子受体1促进胃癌的发生和发展

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)BBOX1-2通过调控成纤维细胞生长因子受体1(fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,FGFR1)对胃癌的发生发展机制的影响。方法回顾性选取2017年4月至2019年1月于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院卢湾分院接受胃癌根治术30例病人肿瘤组织及癌旁相应正常组织作为研究对象,采用实时定量PCT(real-time PCR,RT-PCR)检测lncRNA-BBOX1-2和FGFR1表达;si-linc-BBOX1-2转染SGC-7901细胞后,通过蛋白质印迹法/细胞存活率分析(MTT)、细胞迁移和侵袭(Transwell)实验、细胞划痕、平板克隆一系列生物学功能实验,检测肿瘤细胞生物学功能及FGFR1表达的变化。结果胃癌组织中的lncRNA-BBOX1-2(3.68±0.58比1.15±0.11)和FGFR1(4.26±0.71比1.19±0.18)表达显著高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05);si-linc-BBOX1-2转染SGC-7901细胞后,FGFR1表达下调,细胞活力、迁移、侵袭和生存能力明显下降。结论LincRNA-BBOX1-2可通过调控FGFR1的表达介导胃癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭,可能为胃癌的治疗提供了新的靶点和潜在的生物学标志物。

Augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis mediated by 5-HT_(1A) and 5-HT_(2A/2C) receptors in mice

It has been reported that augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis in mice may be related to serotonergic system. The present study was undertaken to investigate the interaction of tetrandrine and different 5-HT receptors on pentobarbital-induced sleep by using the loss-of-righting reflex method. The results showed that augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis in mice were potentiated by the p-MPPI （5-HT1A receptor antagonist） （1 mg/kg, i.p.） and ketanserin （5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist） （1.5 mg/kg, i.p.）, respectively. Pretreatment with either 8-OH-DPAT （5-HT1A receptor agonist） （0.1 mg/kg, s.c.） or DOI （5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist） （0.2 mg/kg, i.p.） significantly decreased pentobarbital-induced sleep time, and tetrandrine （60 mg/kg, i.g.） significantly reversed this effect. These results suggest that both the 5-HTLA and 5-HT2A/2C subfamily may be involved in the potentiating mechanism of tetrandrine＇s effects on pantobarbital hypnosis.

CYP2J2通过激活Notch1途径改善慢性间歇性低氧后心血管损伤的实验研究

目的:探讨细胞色素P450表氧化酶2J2(CYP2J2)对慢性间歇性低氧(CIH)模型大鼠心血管损伤的影响及机制。方法:将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、CYP2J2组、CIH组、CIH+CYP2J2组、CIH+CYP2J2+DAPT组,每组10只。CIH组、CIH+CYP2J2组及CIH+CYP2J2+DAPT组大鼠均构建CIH模型;造模成功后,CYP2J2组、CIH+CYP2J2组、CIH+CYP2J2+DAPT组大鼠一次性尾静脉注射携带CYP2J2基因的重组腺病毒;CIH+CYP2J2+DAPT组再通过腹腔注射DAPT。2周后,采用高分辨率小动物超声影像系统测定各组大鼠左室缩短分数(FS)、射血分数(EF)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV);自动生化分析仪检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)与心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量;硝酸还原酶法测定血清一氧化氮(NO)含量;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)含量;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察主动脉及心肌组织形态学变化;末端DNA转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)染色观察心肌细胞凋亡情况;生化指标检测试剂盒测定心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)测定心肌组织Notch受体1(Notch1)信号途径相关蛋白表达水平。结果:与CIH组比较,CIH+CYP2J2组大鼠FS和NO水平升高,LVESV、LVEDV及CK-MB、cTnI、ET-1水平均降低,主动脉结构基本清晰,细胞肿大、脱落及血管壁增厚等现象均有所改善,心肌纤维断裂、心肌细胞肿大等现象减轻,心肌组织TUNEL阳性细胞比例减少,SOD活性升高,MDA含量下降,Notch1和Hes1蛋白相对表达量上调,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与CIH+CYP2J2组比较,CIH+CYP2J2+DAPT组大鼠FS和NO水平降低,LVESV、LVEDV及CK-MB、cTnI、ET-1水平均升高,主动脉组织及心肌组织病理损伤现象显著,心肌组织TUNEL阳性细胞比例增加,SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,Notch1和Hes1蛋白相对表达量下调,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CYP2J2可改善CIH大鼠心血管损伤,减少心肌细胞凋亡,并抑制氧化应激水平,该机制可能与激活Notch1途径有关。

七氟醚可逆性下调糖尿病模型大鼠心肌生物钟蛋白BMAL1的表达

目的观察七氟醚(SEV)对糖尿病大鼠心肌生物钟基因芳香烃受体核转运样蛋白1(BMALl1)表达的影响,并探讨其变化规律。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,体质量200~250 g,将正常大鼠分为吸氧组(NC)、吸七氟醚组(SEV);常规建立糖尿病模型,建立成功后分为吸氧组(DM)、吸七氟醚组(DM+SEV),吸入时间5 h(n=15)。4组试验动物分别在停止麻醉后0、12和24 h处死,分离心肌组织。用Western blot测定生物钟基因BMAL1与其活化酶泛素特异性肽酶9X(USP9X)的表达;HE染色观察心肌组织病理特征以及免疫荧光共定位观察USP9X与BMAL1之间的相互关系。结果停止麻醉后0、12 h,与DM组比较,DM+SEV组BMAL1、USP9X表达均明显下调(P<0.05);停止麻醉后24 h,与DM组比较,DM+SEV组BMAL1、USP9X表达水平的变化差异无统计学意义。HE染色光镜下显示:DM+SEV组在停止麻醉后0、12 h时心肌组织纤维结构排列发生改变,且在停止麻醉后0 h时这种改变最为显著,但在24 h时心肌组织结构排列整齐。免疫荧光共定位结果显示:USP9X与BMAL1蛋白主要分布于心肌细胞质中,两者存在重叠部分。且受七氟醚影响,在停止麻醉后0、12 h两者重叠部分较少,而在24 h时两者重叠部分较多,接近于DM组。结论七氟醚可逆性改变糖尿病大鼠心肌生物钟基因BMAL1表达,该作用在停止麻醉后12 h仍然存在,而在停止麻醉后24 h该作用明显减弱。

心房颤动伴二尖瓣反流病人血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平与心房颤动类型、反流程度的关系

目的:分析心房颤动(AF)伴二尖瓣反流(MR)病人血清瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)水平与心房颤动类型、反流程度的关系。方法:选取2020年2月—2022年2月我院收治的112例AF伴FMR病人作为研究组,同期选取103名健康体检者作为对照组。根据研究组心房颤动类型分为永久性心房颤动组(32例)、持续性心房颤动组(41例)和阵发性心房颤动组(39例);根据二尖瓣反流程度分为轻度MR组(44例)、中度MR组(42例)和重度MR组(26例)。所有研究对象均进行二维超声心动图检查,测量左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF);采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平。Logistic回归分析诊断AF伴FMR病人的影响因素。结果:与对照组比较,研究组LAD、LVEDD、LVESD及血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平均升高,LVEF降低(P<0.001)。与阵发性心房颤动组比较,持续性心房颤动组和永久性心房颤动组LAD、LVEDD、LVESD及血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平均升高,LVEF降低(P<0.05);与持续性心房颤动组比较,永久性心房颤动组LAD、LVEDD、LVESD及血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平均升高,LVEF降低(P<0.05)。与轻度MR组比较,中度MR组和重度MR组LAD、LVEDD、LVESD及血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平均升高,LVEF降低(P<0.05);与中度反流组比较,重度反流组LAD、LVEDD、LVESD及血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平均升高,LVEF降低(P<0.05)。TRPC1、GDF-15是病人发生AF伴MR的危险因素(P<0.01)。结论:AF伴MR病人血清TRPC1、GDF-15水平升高,与AF类型和MR程度有关。

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain regions.Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis.The glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous system.After brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive astrocytosis.These activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult.Furthermore,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many diseases.Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control mechanisms.The glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry response.This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,vascular dementia,or chronic migraine.

Identification of transient receptor potential channel genes and functional characterization of TRPA1 in Spodoptera frugiperda

Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly destructive pest that has become a global problem due to its robust reproductive and migratory capabilities.Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels,which constitute a vast ion channel family,play pivotal roles in sensing the external environment and maintaining internal homeostasis in insects.TRP channels have been widely investigated for their critical roles in regulating various insect behaviors in recent years.In this study,we identified 15 TRP gene loci encoding 26 transcripts in the genome of S.frugiperda and analyzed their expression profiles at different developmental stages.The results revealed that S.frugiperda possesses four TRPC genes,six TRPA genes,one TRPM gene,two TRPV genes,one TRPN gene,and one TRPML gene,while a canonical TRPP is absent.Moreover,the SfruTRPA1 was functionally characterized using the Xenopus oocyte expression system.The results showed that SfruTRPA1 is activated by temperature increases from 20 to 45℃,and there is no significant desensitization after repeated stimuli within the same temperature range.Additionally,SfruTRPA1 is activated by certain natural chemicals,including allyl isothiocyanate(AITC)and cinnamaldehyde(CA).These findings provide valuable insights to the TRP genes in S.frugiperda.

Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus

Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus common second-line choice after metformin for treating T2DM.Various considerations can make selecting and switching between different GLP-1 RAs challenging.Our study aims to provide a comprehensive guide for the usage of GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP and GLP-1 RAs for the management of T2DM.

血清半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3和可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1水平与突发性耳聋患者病情及预后的关系分析

目的探讨血清半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sFIt-1)水平与突发性耳聋患者病情及预后的关系。方法选取2022年1月至2024年1月陕西省人民医院收治的78例突发性耳聋患者作为研究组。男46例,女32例;年龄32~76(47.92±4.65)岁;体重指数20.37~27.94(24.57±3.24)kg/m^(2)。另外,选取同期38例体检健康志愿者作为参照组,男21例,女17例,年龄34~63(48.23±4.81)岁;体重指数19.86~22.51(20.87±2.39)kg/m^(2)。采用纯音测听检查评估突发性耳聋患者病情,并根据严重程度进行分组,重度组16例[纯音平均听阈(PTA)>60 dBHL]、中度组39例(PTA>40~60 dBHL)、轻度组23例(PTA 20~40 dBHL)。所有患者均给予激素、营养神经等治疗,10 d为1个疗程,10 d后评估患者预后。根据预后情况将治疗后突发性耳聋患者分为预后良好组(57例)和预后不良组(21例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测受试者血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平。收集受试者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、体重指数、病程、临床症状、耳聋部位、听力损失程度、基础疾病等。采用独立样本t检验、重复测量方差分析和χ2检验进行统计学分析。采用Spearman秩相关系数进行相关性分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析突发性耳聋患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平对突发性耳聋患者预后的预测效能。结果研究组血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平均高于参照组[(17.27±3.14)ng/L比(6.63±1.67)ng/L、(157.82±13.47)ng/L比(81.67±10.63)ng/L](均P<0.05)。重度、中度组Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平均高于轻度组,重度组上述指标均高于中度组(均P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,突发性耳聋患者血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平与病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.881、0.841,均P<0.05)。预后不良组和预后良好组年龄、听力损伤程度、血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,听力损失程度(OR:0.009,95%CI:0.000~0.209)、年龄(OR:1.165,95%CI:1.049~1.293)、血清Caspase-3(OR:1.546,95%CI:1.183~2.022)、sFIt-1(OR:1.058,95%CI:1.015~1.104)水平均是突发性耳聋患者预后的影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平联合预测的曲线下面积(AUC)大于血清Caspase-3、sFIt-1水平单独预测。其中联合预测灵敏度66.67%,特异度87.72%,AUC为0.819(0.712~0.925);Caspase-3灵敏度52.38%,特异度82.46%,AUC为0.721(0.593~0.849);sFIt-1灵敏度52.38%,特异度84.21%,AUC为0.703(0.573~0.832)。结论血清Caspase-3、sFlt-1水平升高可反映突发性耳聋患者病情严重程度,二者联合检测可更准确评估患者预后情况。

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a possible intervention to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes:A new horizon

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a chronic autoimmune condition that destroys insulinproducing beta cells in the pancreas,leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia.The management of T1D primarily focuses on exogenous insulin replacement to control blood glucose levels.However,this approach does not address the underlying autoimmune process or prevent the progressive loss of beta cells.Recent research has explored the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)as a novel intervention to modify the disease course and delay the onset of T1D.GLP-1RAs are medications initially developed for treating type 2 diabetes.They exert their effects by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion,suppressing glucagon secretion,and slowing gastric emptying.Emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs may also benefit the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with T1D.This article aims to highlight the potential of GLP-1RAs as an intervention to delay the onset of T1D,possibly through their potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and preservation of beta-cells.This article aims to explore the potential of shifting the paradigm of T1D management from reactive insulin replacement to proactive disease modification,which should open new avenues for preventing and treating T1D,improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals at risk of T1D.