Relationship between catecholamine level and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with EV71 infection in hand foot and mouth disease

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in children with enterovirus 71(EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD). Methods:The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results:The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD(P<0.05); however,the levels of plasma adrenalinein in two groups had no statistical differences(P>0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165 C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group(P> 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well(P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group(P> 0.05),and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups(P> 0.05). Conclusions:As the disease gets worse,the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD,which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However,the gene polymorphism of eptor G1165 C have no significant correlation,not only with the susceptibility and severit β1 adrenergic recy of EV71 infection in hand,foot and mouth disease,but also with the levels of catecholamine.

Association between essential hypertension and polymorphisms of beta 1 adrenergic receptor gene G1165C (Gly389Arg) in Chinese Mongolian population

BACKGROUND： The prevalences of hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, etc. are higher in Mongolian population because of the influence of various factors including genetics, geography, diet, etc. Therefore, it is helpful to develop researches on the genetics of various diseases including hypertension in Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the polymorphism of beta1 adrenergic receptor （β1-AR） gene G1165C （Arg389Gly）, an important candidate gene for various diseases of cardiovascular system, and essential hypertension in Mongolian population. DESIGN ： A cross-sectional study SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College; Wulate Houqi Red Cross Society. PARTICIPANTS： The survey was carried out from February 2003 to March 2005. Totally 239 Mongolian residents, whose blood relations of 3 generations were all Mongolians, were selected from Wulate Houqi, Inner Mongolia, and they were all informed with the survey and detected items. Based on the diagnostic standard of hypertension set by WHO in 1999, the subjects were divided into two groups according to the level blood pressure： ① Normal blood pressure group （n=117）： systolic blood pressure （SBP） 〈 140 mm Hg （1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） 〈 90 mm Hg, and those having histories of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diseases of liver, kidney and tiroides, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. ② Essential hypertension group （n=122）： including 51 patients with simple high SBP. All the enrolled subjects had no blood relationship with each other, and had no history of miscegenation. METHODS ： The body height, body mass, waist circumference and blood lipids were measured routinely, and their habits of smoking and drinking were also investigated. Penpheral venous blood （5 mL） was drawn, the genome DNA was extracted, and the polymorphisms of the β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotype were detected with the Sequenom system. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） experiment and SNP detection were performed in Huada Gene Laboratory of Bejing, then the univariate analysis of variance was applied in the sample comparison among groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the genotypes and allele frequencies. The odd ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distributions of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and alleles were observed. RESULTS： A11 the 239 subjects were involved in the analysis of results, and no one missed, ①Comparison of β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and allele distnbutions： In Mongolian population, the frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site in the essential hypertension group （72%, 28%） were not significantly different from those in the normal blood pressure group （67%, 33%） （xz=0.841, P=-0.359; OR 0.773, 95%Cl： 0.445-1.342）; The frequencies of C and G alleles also had no significant differences between the essential hypertension group （85%, 15%） and the normal blood pressure group （82%, 18%） （x^2=1.136, P=-0.287; OR： 0.769, 95%Cl： 0.747-1.248）. ②The frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site had no significant differences between the patients with simple high SBP （71%, 29%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.250, P=-0.617; OR： 0.833, 95%C/： 0.408-1.703）; The frequencies of C and G alleles were not significantly different between the patients with simple high SBP （86%, 14%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.670, P=-0.413; OR 0.766, 95%Cl： 0.404-1.453）. CONCLUSION： In Mongolian population, the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） have no obvious differences between the subjects with normal blood pressure and the patients with essential hypertension （including simple SBP increase）, which suggests that G1165C （Glu389Asp） site of β1-AR gene may be not a genetic mark of essential hypertension and simple high SBP in Mongolian population.

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5+CD8+T cells as immune regulators in hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B under interferonalpha treatment

BACKGROUND C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5(CXCR5)^(+)CD8^(+)T cells represent a unique immune subset with dual roles,functioning as cytotoxic cells in persistent viral infections while promoting B cell responses.Despite their importance,the specific role of CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in chronic hepatitis B(CHB),particularly during interferon-alpha(IFN-α)treatment,is not fully understood.This study aims to elucidate the relationship between CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells and sustained serologic response(SR)in patients undergoing 48 weeks of pegylated IFN-α(peg-IFN-α)treatment for CHB.AIM To elucidate the relationship between CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells and sustained SR in patients undergoing 48 weeks of peg-IFN-αtreatment for CHB.METHODS This study enrolled 60 patients with hepatitis Be antigen(HBeAg)-positive CHB undergoing 48 weeks of peg-IFN-αtreatment.Participants were assessed for eligibility based on criteria such as persistent HBsAg-positive status for at least six months,HBeAb-negative,hepatitis B virus DNA levels exceeding 2×10^(4) copies/mL,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels between 2 and 10 times the upper limit of normal.Blood samples were collected at baseline and at weeks 12,24,48,and a 24-week treatment-free follow-up(week 72)to measure serum interleukin(IL)-21 concentration via ELISA and to analyze CXCR5 and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression on CD8^(+)T cells by flow cytometry,CXCR5 is a chemokine receptor that directs immune cells to specific tissues,while PD-L1 is a protein that regulates immune responses by inhibiting T cell activity.RESULTS Patients with CHB exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells compared to healthy controls(P<0.01).Notably,CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells were prominently expressed in patients who achieved sustained SR compared to non-SR(NSR).A significant correlation was observed between CXCR5 and PD-L1 expression(r=-0.189,P=0.002).However,there was no significant correlation between serum IL-21 levels and CXCR5+CD8+lymphocytes(r=-0.03,P=0.625)or serum ALT levels(r=0.026,P=0.678).CONCLUSION The enhanced expression of CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in patients achieving HBeAg seroconversion during IFN-αtreatment suggests that these cells play a crucial role in antiviral immune responses against hepatitis B.This study highlights the potential of CXCR5^(+)CD8^(+)T cells as immune regulators in CHB,which may inform future therapeutic strategies to optimize antiviral treatments.

Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric

BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)in GC.We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands,angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)and human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),contributing to immunosuppression.AIM To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2,as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G,in GC.METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed,stratifying patients by CSF3R expression.Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed on GC tissues.Correlation analyses of CSF3R,LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results.GC cells were treated with CSF3,and expression levels of LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups,LILRB2 showed the most significant increase.IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2(63.0%),ANGPTL2(56.5%),and HLA-G(73.9%)in GC tissues.Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G mRNA levels(P<0.001).IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2(P<0.001),and HLA-G(P=0.010),but not ANGPTL2(P>0.05).CSF3 increased LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G expression in GC cells.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression,impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.CONCLUSION The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands,with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.

Blocking beta 2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Dendrite ramification affects synaptic strength and plays a crucial role in memory. Previous studies revealed a correlation between beta 2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, although the mechanism involved is still poorly understood. The current study investigated the potential effect of the selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, ICI 118551 （ICI）, on Aβ deposits and AD-related cognitive impairment. Morris water maze test results demonstrated that the performance of AD-transgenic （TG） mice treated with ICI （AD-TG/ICI） was significantly poorer compared with NaCl-treated AD-TG mice （AD-TG/NaCl）, suggesting that β2-adrenergic receptor blockage by ICI might reduce the learning and memory abilities of mice. Golgi staining and immunohistochemical staining revealed that blockage of the β2-adrenergic receptor by ICI treatment decreased the number of dendritic branches, and ICI treatment in AD-TG mice decreased the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin and synapsin 1. Western blot assay results showed that the blockage of β2-adrener- gic receptor increased amyloid-β accumulation by downregulating hippocampal a-secretase activity and increasing the phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein. These findings suggest that blocking the β2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification of hippocampal neurons in a mouse model of AD.

ITP患者PD-1/PD-L1表达特点及其在Treg与Breg细胞之间的相互作用机制分析

目的探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者细胞程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)/细胞程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)表达特点及其在调节性T细胞(Treg)、调节性B细胞(Breg)间的相互作用。方法选取2018年12月—2022年1月在我院治疗的ITP患者106例作为观察组,其中轻度患者32例,中度患者44例,重度患者30例。同时选取同期健康志愿者100例作为对照组。检测两组Treg细胞百分比、Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率等,同时分析观察组不同病情程度患者各指标差异。结果观察组Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比、TGF-β、IL-10和IL-4水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率、可溶性程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(sPD-1)和IL-17水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);两组可溶性程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体-1(sPD-L1)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组重度患者Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比均明显低于轻度和中度患者(均P<0.05),而Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率均明显高于轻度和中度患者(均P<0.05)。Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率与Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率呈正相关(r=0.446,P<0.05)。观察组治疗后Breg细胞百分比、Treg细胞百分比、TGF-β、IL-10和IL-4水平有所升高(P<0.05),而Treg细胞表面PD-1阳性率、Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率、sPD-1和IL-17水平有所降低(P<0.05),治疗前后sPD-L1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ITP患者Treg细胞表面PD-1和Breg细胞表面PD-L1阳性率明显升高,与患者病情严重程度呈正相关,同时Treg细胞表面PD-1和Breg细胞表面PD-L1表达之间存在相关性。

原发性高血压患者中抗α_1肾上腺素受体自身抗体激活大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞内NF-κB

目的:探讨高血压患者血清中抗α1肾上腺素受体自身抗体(autoantibodies againstα1-adrenergic receptor,α1-AAs)拟去甲肾上腺素的激动样效应及胞内信号分子活化机制。方法:培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞。将收集的原发性高血压病人血清进行免疫亲和层析法纯化,ELISA检测其滴度后以1∶80刺激细胞,并设立不同的处理组。将α1-AAs刺激大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞后,经Western blotting及免疫荧光方法分析胞内核因子κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)信号分子激活及表达状况。结果:Western bltting显示α1-AAs刺激组中胞内核因子NF-κB(p50)表达较空白对照组明显增强,且可被α1受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪和NF-κB拮抗剂PDTC明显抑制(P<0.05)。免疫荧光实验中,α1-AAs组荧光强度显著高于空白对照组和α1-AAs+哌唑嗪组(P<0.01)。结论:高血压患者血清中α1-AAs能够致大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞NF-κB活化。

丹酚酸B通过SIRT1/PGC-1α通路对Aβ_(1-42)干预N2A细胞保护作用研究

目的观察沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(SIRT1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)的表达及检测活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量和线粒体膜电势,探讨丹酚酸B(SalB)减轻β淀粉样多肽1-42(Aβ1-42)干预小鼠来源神经瘤母细胞(N2A)后氧化应激损伤的作用及机制。方法使用10μM Aβ1-42寡聚体干预N2A细胞构建阿尔茨海默病(AD)细胞模型,使用40μM SalB干预细胞为对照组,模型组和SalB干预组。使用MTT法检测不同实验组细胞活力;DCFH-DA染色测定实验组细胞内ROS水平;ELISA法检测SOD,MDA水平;Western blot法和RTPCR法分别检测不同实验组SIRT1、PGC-1α蛋白和mRNA水平。结果与Aβ干预N2A细胞构建的模型组相比,SalB组处理后的模型组细胞活力显著升高(P<0.001),SalB组细胞中ROS水平显著下降(P<0.01),SOD水平显著上升(P<0.001),MDA生成显著减少(P<0.05),有效恢复线粒体膜电势(P<0.05)。另外,SalB处理后模型组细胞的SIRT1、PGC-1α蛋白和mRNA水平均升高。结论SalB可以显著降低Aβ干预N2A细胞后诱导的氧化应激反应,减少ROS产生及下调MDA水平,上调SOD水平,该神经保护作用可能与上调SIRT1/PGC-1α通路相关。

ADRB1 Arg389Gly多态性对比索洛尔疗效影响的Meta分析

目的探索ADRB1 Arg389Gly多态性对比索洛尔疗效的影响,为比索洛尔个体化药物治疗提供参考。方法从PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方等数据库系统性搜索与比索洛尔和ADRB1 Arg389Gly多态性相关的文献,检索时间为建库至2023年5月。根据研究制定的纳入与排除标准筛选、提取相关文献并进行文献质量评估。使用RevMan 5.4软件对相关结局指标进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入7项研究,共计1339人次。其中4项研究涉及比索洛尔治疗前后收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)的变化量(ΔSBP和ΔDBP),有4项研究涉及治疗前后左室射血分数(LVEF)的变化量(ΔLVEF)。研究结果显示,比索洛尔对ADRB1 Arg389Gly野生组(AA)和突变组(AG+GG)血压改善的差异均无统计学意义{ΔSBP[SMD=0.17,95%CI(-0.97,1.31),P=0.77]、ΔDBP[SMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.65,0.62),P=0.97]};比索洛尔对两组ΔLVEF改善的差异亦无统计学意义[SMD=-0.61,95%CI(-2.74,1.53),P=0.58]。结论ADRB1 Arg389Gly多态性对比索洛尔改善心血管患者SBP、DBP和LVEF的作用无显著影响。

虹鳟Scarb1基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

清道夫受体B类成员1(scavenger receptor class B member 1,Scarb1)作为细胞表面的膜受体蛋白,在动物体色形成过程中发挥重要作用。为了解Scarb1基因在虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)体色形成中的作用,通过RACE技术克隆虹鳟Scarb1基因的cDNA全长,并运用生物信息学方法分析该基因及其序列结构特征,同时使用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测Scarb1基因在虹鳟、金鳟及其杂交F_(1)代不同发育阶段和不同组织中的表达情况。结果显示,Scarb1基因cDNA序列全长为2032 bp,开放阅读框1479 bp,编码492个氨基酸,预测分子质量为55.59 ku,且存在保守的CD36结构域和2个跨膜区。序列同源性分析显示,虹鳟与其他硬骨鱼类的氨基酸序列相似度为71.69%~98.58%;进化分析发现虹鳟与大马哈鱼亲缘关系最近,与哺乳动物和两栖动物亲缘关系最远。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,在虹鳟与金鳟胚胎期及出膜后各发育阶段中Scarb1基因均有不同程度表达,且表现为受精期至桑葚期的表达显著高于其他时期(P<0.05),对虹鳟与金鳟同一时期的差异分析发现该基因在胚胎期及7 dph(days post hatch)、1 M(month post hatch)、2 M和3 M时期中表达存在显著差异(P<0.01)。Scarb1基因在虹鳟与金鳟背部皮肤和背部肌肉等色素沉着性组织中表达量较高,其中在金鳟背部皮肤的表达量显著高于虹鳟(P<0.01)。此外,Scarb1基因在杂交F_(1)代不同发育时期中的表达规律与双亲一致;在不同组织中,该基因在杂交F_(1)代背部皮肤中的表达量介于双亲之间。研究结果表明,Scarb1基因与虹鳟体色形成有着密切关系,且可能在金鳟黄色体色形成过程中发挥重要作用。

血清C3aR1、BATF水平与重症急性胰腺炎患者疾病转归的关系

目的探讨C3a受体1(C3aR1)、B细胞转录激活因子(BATF)水平与重症急性胰腺炎患者疾病转归的关系,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2020年6月—2023年6月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的247例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象。根据病情分为轻症组(无器官衰竭及无局部并发症,n=135)、重症组(持续性器官衰竭且伴有局部并发症,n=112)。根据112例重症急性胰腺炎患者在治疗28 d后的转归情况分为恶化组(n=33)与好转组(n=79)。另将同期140例健康体检者作为对照组。比较各组一般资料及C3aR1、BATF水平;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估C3aR1、BATF水平预估重症急性胰腺炎患者疾病转归的价值;采用多因素logistic回归分析重症急性胰腺炎患者疾病转归的影响因素。结果重症组患者APACHEⅡ评分及白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶(LPS)水平均高于轻症组、对照组研究对象,白蛋白(Alb)水平低于轻症组、对照组研究对象,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻症组患者APACHEⅡ评分及WBC、CRP、AMY、LPS水平均高于对照组研究对象,Alb水平低于对照组研究对象,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症组患者C3aR1、BATF水平均高于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,C3aR1、BATF及二者联合(串联)预估重症急性胰腺炎疾病转归的曲线下面积(AUC)(95%CI)分别为0.844(0.794~0.894)、0.860(0.810~0.910)及0.917(0.867~0.967)。二分类logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分>8.00分(OR=2.617,95%CI:1.600~4.280)、C3aR1≥3.55 mg/L(OR=3.762,95%CI:1.947~7.269)、BATF≥33.44μg/L(OR=4.250,95%CI:2.002~9.022)均为影响重症急性胰腺炎疾病转归的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论C3aR1、BATF水平在重症急性胰腺炎患者中均表达升高,且水平变化与疾病转归密切相关,是疾病转归不良的危险因素,二者联合对重症急性胰腺炎患者疾病转归的预估具有较高的临床价值。

Nr4a1激动剂胞孢子酮B挽救小鼠噪声性听力损失

目的:探究核受体亚家族4A组成员1(nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1,Nr4a1)Nr4a1激动剂胞孢子酮B(cytosporone B,Csn-B)对小鼠噪声暴露后听力损失的治疗作用。方法:采用双氧水刺激HEI-OC1毛细胞系的方法构建氧化应激细胞模型;通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,q PCR)检测细胞中Nr4a1的mRNA表达水平;分别通过细胞计数试剂盒(cell counting kit-8,CCK8)及流式细胞术的方法检测细胞活力和细胞凋亡水平以评估Csn-B预处理后经双氧水刺激的细胞状态。构建小鼠噪声性听力损失模型,运用qPCR和免疫荧光技术检测噪声暴露后Nr4a1在小鼠耳蜗中的表达;通过检测听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)评估噪声暴露后以及Csn-B连续治疗13 d后小鼠听力情况。结果:双氧水刺激后HEI-OC1毛细胞中Nr4a1表达上升,细胞活力显著下降,凋亡水平显著升高;Csn-B预处理HEI-OC1毛细胞经双氧水刺激,细胞活力显著高于对照组而凋亡水平则显著低于对照组。在体研究结果显示,噪声暴露后小鼠听力显著降低,Nr4a1在小鼠耳蜗中的表达水平显著升高。噪声暴露后经Csn-B治疗小鼠听力得到改善,主要表现为Click-ABR以及Tone Burst-ABR(4000、8000Hz处)阈值下降。结论:Nr4a1激动剂Csn-B增强内耳毛细胞对氧化应激损伤的抵御能力,部分改善噪声暴露后的小鼠听力。

CLEC1B、DKK1、DRD4在原发性肝癌病变组织中的表达及临床意义探究

目的分析C型凝集素结构域家族1成员B(C-type lectin domain family 1 member B,CLEC1B)、分泌型蛋白Dickkopf 1(DKK1)、多巴胺受体D4(dopamine receptor D4,DRD4)在原发性肝癌(primary hepatic cancer,PHC)患者病变组织中的表达及临床意义。方法回顾性选取2022年1月~2023年1月在四川大学华西医院接受肝癌切除术且经术后病理证实为PHC的138例患者,取其癌组织与癌旁组织石蜡病理标本,分析其CLEC1B、DKK1、DRD4表达情况及和临床病理特征关联性,Pearson法分析CLEC1B、DKK1、DRD4的相关性。结果肝癌组织中CLEC1B、DRD4表达水平均低于癌旁肝组织,肝癌组织中的DKK1蛋白表达较癌旁肝组织更高(P<0.05),且3者均主要分布于细胞浆;CLEC1B低表达、DKK1高表达、DRD4低表达分别97例(70.29%)、91例(65.94%)、78例(56.52%),PHC患者的CLEC1B低表达与术前AFP水平、血管侵犯、远处转移、肿瘤出血等密切相关(P<0.05),DKK1高表达与术前AFP水平、BCLC Kinki分期、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小密切相关(P<0.05),DRD4低表达与术前AFP水平、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小、卫星结节、血管侵犯密切相关(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,PHC患者CLEC1B、DRD4与DKK1表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.809、r=-0.774,P<0.001),CLEC1B与DRD4表达水平呈正相关(r=0.748,P<0.001)。结论CLEC1B、DRD4在PHC患者癌变组织中呈低表达,而DKK1呈高表达,且与临床病理参数有关,CLEC1B、DKK1、DRD4可能参与PHC发生发展,有一定检测意义。

Effect of nuclear factor-κB and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 on the pathogenesis of rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM: To investigate the roles of nuclear factor(NF)-κB and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1(AT1R) in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: Forty-two healthy adult male SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(normal diet), the model group,and the intervention group(10 wk of a high-fat diet feeding, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of PDTC); 6 rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 10,and 14 wk. After sacrifice, liver tissue was taken,paraffin sections of liver tissue specimens were prepared, hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was performed, and pathological changes in liver tissue(i.e., liver fibrosis) were observed by light microscopy.NF-κB expression in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of AT1 R in the liver tissue was detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The data are expressed as mean ± SD. A two-sample t test was used to compare the control group and the model group at different time points, paired t tests were used to compare the differences between the intervention group and the model group, and analysis of variance was used to compare the model group with the control group. Homogeneity of variance was analyzed with single factor analysis of variance. H variance analysis was used to compare the variance. P < 0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant.RESULTS: The NAFLD model was successful after 6wk and 10 wk. Liver fibrosis was found in four rats in the model group, but in only one rat in the intervention group at 14 wk. Liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were gradually increased throughout the model. In the intervention group, the body mass,rat liver index, serum lipid, and transaminase levels were not increased compared to the model group.In the model group, the degree of liver steatosis was increased at 6, 10, and 14 wk, and was significantly higher than in the control group(P < 0.01). In the model group, different degrees of liver cell necrosis were visible and small leaves, punctated inflammation,focal necrosis, and obvious ballooning degeneration were observed. Partial necrosis and confluent necrosis were observed. In the model group, liver inflammatory activity scores at 6, 10, and 14 wk were higher than in the control group(P < 0.01). Active inflammation in liver tissue in the intervention group was lower than in the model group(P < 0.05). HE staining showed liver fibrosis only at 14 wk in 4/6 rats in the model group and in 1/6 rats in the intervention group. NF-κB positive cells were stained yellow or ensemble yellow,and NF-κB was localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The model group showed NF-κB activation at6, 10, and 14 wk in liver cells; at the same time points,there were statistically significant differences in the control group(P < 0.01). Over time, NF-κB expression increased; this was statistically lower(P < 0.05) at14 weeks in the intervention group compared to the model group, but significantly increased(P < 0.05)compared with the control group; RT-PCR showed that AT1 R mRNA expression increased gradually in the model group; at 14 wk, the expression was significantly different compared with expression at 10 weeks as well as at 6 weeks(P < 0.05). In the model group, AT1 R mRNA expression was significantly higher than at the same time point in the control group(P <0.01).CONCLUSION: With increasing severity of NAFLD,NF-κB activity is enhanced, and the inhibition of NF-κB activity may reduce AT1 R mRNA expression in NAFLD.

Serotonin receptor 2B induces visceral hyperalgesia in rat model and patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND Serotonin receptor 2B(5-HT2B receptor)plays a critical role in many chronic pain conditions.The possible involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)was investigated in the present study.AIM To investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation in rat model and patients with IBS-D.METHODS Rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from 18 patients with IBS-D and 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 15 healthy controls.The expression level of the 5-HT2B receptor in colon tissue was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with abdominal pain scores.The IBS-D rat model was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint.Alterations in visceral sensitivity and 5-HT2B receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)expression were examined following 5-HT2B receptor antagonist adminis-tration.Changes in visceral sensitivity after administration of the TRPV1 antago-INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain with altered bowel habits that affects approximately 15%of the population worldwide[1].IBS significantly impacts the quality of life of patients.Although the pathogenesis of IBS is not completely understood,the role of abnormal visceral sensitivity in IBS has recently emerged[2,3].5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)is known to play a key role in the physiological states of the gastrointestinal tract.Plasma 5-HT levels in IBS with diarrhea(IBS-D)patients were greater than those in healthy controls[4],suggesting a possible role of 5-HT in the pathogenesis of IBS-D.The serotonin receptor 2(5-HT2 receptor)family comprises three subtypes:5-HT2A,5-HT2B,and 5-HT2c.All 5-HT2 receptors exhibit 46%-50%overall sequence identity,and all of these receptors preferentially bind to Gq/11 to increase inositol phosphates and intracellular calcium mobilization[5].5-HT2B receptors are widely expressed throughout the gut,and experimental evidence suggests that the primary function of 5-HT2B receptors is to mediate contractile responses to 5-HT through its action on smooth muscle[6].The 5-HT2B receptor is localized to both neurons of the myenteric nerve plexus and smooth muscle in the human colon.The 5-HT2B receptor mediates 5-HT-evoked contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle[6].These findings suggest that the 5-HT2B receptor could play an important role in modulating colonic motility,which could affect sensory signaling in the gut.Other laboratories have shown that the 5-HT2B receptor participates in the development of mechanical and formalin-induced hyperalgesia[7,8].A 5-HT2B receptor antagonist reduced 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)and stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats[9,10].However,the role of the 5-HT2B receptor in IBS-D patients and in acetic acid-and wrap restraint-induced IBS-D rat models was not investigated.

The Expression of Endothelin Receptor B in Melanoma Cells A375 and Sk-mel-1 and the Proliferative Effects of Endothelin 3 on A375 Cells

In order to investigate the expression of endothelin receptor B （ETR-B） in human malignant melanoma （MM） cells A375 and SK-mel-1 and the proliferative effects of endothelin 3 （ET3） on A375 cells, RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of ETR-B gene in human MM cells A375 and SK-mel-1. MTT method was used to evaluate the growth enhancing effects of ET3 on A375 cell line in vitro. The results showed that ETR-B gene was expressed in both MM A375 and SK-mel-1 cells. ET3 had stronger ability to enhance the proliferation of A375 cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It was suggested that ET3/ETR-B might play an important proliferative role in MM.

两性霉素B通过激活THP-1细胞TLR2/NF-κB信号通路对炎症因子IL-1β释放的影响

目的:探讨两性霉素B对人急性单核细胞白血病细胞系(THP-1)Toll样受体2(TLR2)/核转录因子(NF-κB)信号通路及产生白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的影响。方法:采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测两性霉素B及阳性刺激物肽聚糖(PGN)刺激THP-1细胞后TLR2、IL-1β的mRNA表达水平。TLR2单克隆抗体预先和THP-1细胞共培养,再用两性霉素B及PGN刺激THP-1细胞后检测IL-1β的mRNA表达水平。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测IL-1β分泌量。采用免疫印迹法分析两性霉素B作用于THP-1细胞不同时间后NF-κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)和磷酸化IκBα蛋白表达水平,激光共聚焦分析NF-κB p65入核水平,并用TLR2抗体阻断后检测IκBα和磷酸化IκBα蛋白表达水平。结果:刺激后1、3、6h,两性霉素B组与空白对照组TLR2和IL-1βmRNA表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);刺激后1、3、6h,两性霉素B组和PGN组TLR2和IL-1βmRNA表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两性霉素B组和PGN组上清液中IL-1β的含量与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两性霉素B作用于THP-1细胞30min后磷酸化IκBα蛋白水平升高,激光共聚焦显示p65入核。使用TLR2单克隆抗体后,两性霉素B组、PGN组与本组未用TLR2单克隆抗体的IL-1βmRNA表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);未用抗体及使用抗体情况下,两性霉素B组、PGN组和空白对照组的IL-1βmRNA表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:两性霉素B作用于THP-1细胞,激活TLR2/NF-κB信号通路,参与下游炎症因子IL-1β释放。

Autocrine IL-8 Contributes to Propionibacterium Acnes-induced Proliferation and Differentiation of HaCaT Cells via AKT/FOXO1/Autophagy

Objective Proprionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)-induced inflammatory responses,proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes contribute to the progression of acne vulgaris(AV).P.acnes was found to enhance the production of interleukin-8(IL-8)by keratinocytes.This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-8 in P.acnes-induced proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and the underlying mechanism.Methods The P.acnes-stimulated HaCaT cell(a human keratinocyte cell line)model was established.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of the IL-8 receptors C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CXCR1)and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)on HaCaT cells.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay and Western blotting were performed to examine the effects of IL-8/CXCR2 axis on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells treated with P.acnes,the IL-8 neutralizing antibody,the CXCR2 antagonist(SB225002),or the CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist(G31P).Western blotting,nuclear and cytoplasmic separation,CCK-8 assay,and EdU assay were employed to determine the downstream pathway of CXCR2 after P.acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells were treated with the CXCR2 antagonist,the protein kinase B(AKT)antagonist(AZD5363),or the constitutively active forkhead box O1(FOXO1)mutant.Finally,autophagy markers were measured in HaCaT cells following the transfection of the FOXO1 mutant or treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA).Results The expression levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were significantly increased on the membrane of HaCaT cells following P.acnes stimulation.The IL-8/CXCR2 axis predominantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced HaCaT cells by activating AKT/FOXO1/autophagy signaling.In brief,IL-8 bound to its receptor CXCR2 on the membrane of keratinocytes to activate the AKT/FOXO1 axis.Subsequently,phosphorylated FOXO1 facilitated autophagy to promote the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced keratinocytes.Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel autocrine effect of IL-8 on the proliferation and differentiation of P.acnes-induced keratinocytes,suggesting a potential therapeutic target for AV.

Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

BACKGROUND Stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1)plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of stem cells to injured livers.However,the changes of SDF-l in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)have yet to be elucidated.AIM To study the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.METHODS 30 patients with HBV-related ACLF,27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy individuals are involved in our study.The SDF-l mRNA expression in liver tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to illustrate the expression of SDFl,CXC receptor 4(CXCR4)and Ki67.The serum SDF-l concentrations were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The expression of SDF-1 mRNA from ACLF patients was remarkably higher than that from other patients(both P<0.05).The expression of SDF-l,CXCR4 and Ki67 from ACLF were the highest among the three groups(all P<0.01).The serum SDF-l levels in ACLF patients were significantly lower than that in other patients(both P<0.01).Moreover,in ACLF patients,the serum SDF-1 Levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin and international normalized ratio.In addition,the serum SDF-l levels in survival were significantly lower compared with the non-survivals(P<0.05).The area under the curve for the serum SDF-1 level in predicting 28-d mortality was 0.722(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study provides the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.The SDF-1 Level at admission may serve as a promising prognostic marker for predicting short-term prognosis.

N-acetylserotonin alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in rats

AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.