BACKGROUND： α-asarone and acrous gramineus have been shown to play a necessary function in enhancing the reactivity and convulsant threshold to electric stimulation of immature rats. They have also been shown to eff...BACKGROUND： α-asarone and acrous gramineus have been shown to play a necessary function in enhancing the reactivity and convulsant threshold to electric stimulation of immature rats. They have also been shown to effectively suppress epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in young rats. However, the mechanisms for these roles have been still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects in immature rats of acrous gramineus and α -asarone on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons after epileptic seizure at the protein level, and to analyze the mechanism for these effects. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University; Department of Histology and Embryology, Norman Bethune Medical School of Jilin University; Department of Internal Medicine, Children＇s Hospital of Changchun City; Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-week old Wistar rats, 34-40 g, irrespective of gender, were provided by Gaoxin Research Center of Medical Animal Experiment, Changchun. The animals were treated according to the animal ethical standards. The following chemicals were used for this study： acrous gramineus powders or infusion （Batch No, 0307113, Tianjiang Medicine Company Limited, Jiangyin）, α-asarone tablets （Batch No. 030219, Tianwei Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenyang）, and phenobarbital sodium tablets （Batch No. 020608, Xinya Medicine Company Limited, Shanghai）. The animals were divided into five groups randomly. First, ten rats were chosen as the normal controls. The remaining rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol to stimulate an epileptic model. METHODS： The experiments were performed at the Neurological Laboratory of the First Hospital of Jilin University between October and December 2004. The rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol （60 mg/kg） to establish an epileptic model. According to Racine＇ s standard, animals that reached stage 4 and 5 were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups： model group, phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and a-asarone group. The normal control group was treated with an i.p. injection of physiological saline （0.5 mL）. After modeling, the model groups were intragastrically administrated 0.5 mL saline. The phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α-asarone groups were intragastrically administrated 18 mg/kg/d phenobarbital sodium, 2 350 mg/kg/d acrous gramineus and 29 mg/kg/d α-asarone, respectively. The course of treatment was twice a day for 7 days. The normal group received intragastric administration of 0.5 mL saline at the same time. The rats were sacrificed and brain sections were prepared for light microscopy and electron microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Pathological changes of CA1 and CA3 hippocampal region neurons were observed by light microscopy and electronic microscopy. （2） Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 region was measured by TUNEL staining. （3） Bcl-2 and Bax expression in CA1 and CA3 region neurons was detected by immunohistochemistry and a ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. RESULTS： All 50 immature rats were included in the final analysis. （1） Pathological changes of CA1 and CA3 region hippocampal neurons： there were different pathological changes in all groups other than the normal control group. The number of damaged neurons in the model group was highest. The phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α -asarone group exhibited different degrees of improvement. （2） Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 regions： there were less TUNEL-positive cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the normal control group. One week after PTZ-induced seizure, numerous TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the remaining four groups. There was a significant difference between the normal control group and the remaining four groups （t = 12.089-19.162, P 〈 0.0 1）. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was less in the phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α-asarone groups compared to the model group （t = 4.707-5.268, P 〈 0.01）. （3）Bcl-2 and Bax expression of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions： The number of Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cells was less in the normal control group. The Bax-positive cells exhibited a normal shape and had large round nuclei that were predominant. One week after PTZ-induced epilepsy, the number of Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cells in the CA1 and CA2 regions was significantly increased in the remaining four groups compared to the normal control group （t = 11.606-27.042, P 〈 0.01）. The Bax-positive cells exhibited a reduced size and nuclear pyknosis was predominant. However, there was no significant difference among the four groups （P 〉 0.05）. The number of Bcl-2-positive cells in the phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and a-asarone groups were significantly increased compared to the model group （t = 4.051-6.404, P 〈 0.01）. However, the number of Bax-positive cells was not significantly different among the four groups. The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax expression was approximately 6.0 in the normal controls, 0.7 in the model group, and 1.0 in the remaining three groups. CONCLUSION： Acrous gramineus and a-asarone increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression, and also reduced the number of apoptotic hippocampal neurons during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures in immature rats.展开更多
Aim of the Study: The primary aim of the study was to test the effect of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene (alpha asarone), a hypocholes terolaemic drug, on the progression of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice...Aim of the Study: The primary aim of the study was to test the effect of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene (alpha asarone), a hypocholes terolaemic drug, on the progression of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Olive oil,the vehicle of alpha-asarone, and dexamethasonewere used as control treatments. Set-Up: Four groups of DBA/1 mice were immunised with chicken type II collagen (CII) via the intradermal route and either left untreated or were treated with alpha asarone, olive oil, or dexamethasone. A non-immunised group was an additional control. Follow-Up: The thicknesses of the rear and front footpads were continuously monitored, and the levels of anti-collagen antibodies were measured at the end of the experiment. The animals were then sacrificed, and their rear and front limbs were removed and processed forhistological examination. Results: Alpha asarone had no anti-inflammatory effect on CIA, and in one third of the animals, it showed a proinflammatory effect that was characterised by a marked accumulation of neutrophils. Olive oil did not show any obvious antiinflammatory effect on CIA, but it lowered the level of CII antibodies by 50%, suggesting a potential long-term antiinflammatory effect. As expected, dexamethasone had a clear anti-inflammatory effect on CIA. Con- clusion: Alpha asarone did not show any antiinflammatory effect on CIA in the mice under the above conditions;however, the accumulation of neutrophils in the CIA lesions of mice treated with alpha asarone and the effect of olive oil in downregulating the levels of anti-CII antibodies in CIA are two findings that warrant further investigation.展开更多
Objective Study the β-asaron under the condition that the bowel each segment of rat and be worth in the diffent medicine density and pH of the absorption dynamics characteristic,as to it's the rat absorbs the par...Objective Study the β-asaron under the condition that the bowel each segment of rat and be worth in the diffent medicine density and pH of the absorption dynamics characteristic,as to it's the rat absorbs the part in the body and it absorbs the mechanism to carry on the study,for the further design β-asaron settle release the product to provide the living creature medicine learn the basis.Methods Apply the rat to the body to infuse to flow the bowel absorption experiment investigation and absorption dynamics characteristic;adopt the HPLC method measurement β-asaron is in rat body the bowel absorbs the medicine density within the reflux liquid.Results It absorb the quantity and β-asaron of the medicine in the reflux liquid,the density of β-asaron becomes the direct proption,the absorption speed constant of the medicine is basic and constant within the scope of the 19 μg·mL-1-57 μg·mL-1;In the pH is 5.6;6.9;8.0 three kinds of dissimilarities lie the absorption velocity constant of the quality and absorb the of percentage and also did not show the difference of salience;β-asaron is in the small intestines the lower part absorb better,absorbthe velocity to press to return to bowel,ileum,jejunum,duodenum,colon to descend one by one in order,absorb the velocity constant one by one in order is 0.402,0.396,0.385,0.325 h-1.Conclusions β-asaron absorbs to present a class absorption dynamics characteristic in the bowel way,absorbing the mechanism as passive absorption;in order to return to ileum and jejunums,main absorption part there is certain absorption in the colon,too.展开更多
基金grants from Jilin Bureau of Science and Technology(No. 20030430)Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Adminsitration of Jilin Provinece(No. 2004079)
文摘BACKGROUND： α-asarone and acrous gramineus have been shown to play a necessary function in enhancing the reactivity and convulsant threshold to electric stimulation of immature rats. They have also been shown to effectively suppress epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in young rats. However, the mechanisms for these roles have been still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects in immature rats of acrous gramineus and α -asarone on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons after epileptic seizure at the protein level, and to analyze the mechanism for these effects. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University; Department of Histology and Embryology, Norman Bethune Medical School of Jilin University; Department of Internal Medicine, Children＇s Hospital of Changchun City; Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-week old Wistar rats, 34-40 g, irrespective of gender, were provided by Gaoxin Research Center of Medical Animal Experiment, Changchun. The animals were treated according to the animal ethical standards. The following chemicals were used for this study： acrous gramineus powders or infusion （Batch No, 0307113, Tianjiang Medicine Company Limited, Jiangyin）, α-asarone tablets （Batch No. 030219, Tianwei Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenyang）, and phenobarbital sodium tablets （Batch No. 020608, Xinya Medicine Company Limited, Shanghai）. The animals were divided into five groups randomly. First, ten rats were chosen as the normal controls. The remaining rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol to stimulate an epileptic model. METHODS： The experiments were performed at the Neurological Laboratory of the First Hospital of Jilin University between October and December 2004. The rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol （60 mg/kg） to establish an epileptic model. According to Racine＇ s standard, animals that reached stage 4 and 5 were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups： model group, phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and a-asarone group. The normal control group was treated with an i.p. injection of physiological saline （0.5 mL）. After modeling, the model groups were intragastrically administrated 0.5 mL saline. The phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α-asarone groups were intragastrically administrated 18 mg/kg/d phenobarbital sodium, 2 350 mg/kg/d acrous gramineus and 29 mg/kg/d α-asarone, respectively. The course of treatment was twice a day for 7 days. The normal group received intragastric administration of 0.5 mL saline at the same time. The rats were sacrificed and brain sections were prepared for light microscopy and electron microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Pathological changes of CA1 and CA3 hippocampal region neurons were observed by light microscopy and electronic microscopy. （2） Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 region was measured by TUNEL staining. （3） Bcl-2 and Bax expression in CA1 and CA3 region neurons was detected by immunohistochemistry and a ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. RESULTS： All 50 immature rats were included in the final analysis. （1） Pathological changes of CA1 and CA3 region hippocampal neurons： there were different pathological changes in all groups other than the normal control group. The number of damaged neurons in the model group was highest. The phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α -asarone group exhibited different degrees of improvement. （2） Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 and CA3 regions： there were less TUNEL-positive cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the normal control group. One week after PTZ-induced seizure, numerous TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the remaining four groups. There was a significant difference between the normal control group and the remaining four groups （t = 12.089-19.162, P 〈 0.0 1）. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was less in the phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and α-asarone groups compared to the model group （t = 4.707-5.268, P 〈 0.01）. （3）Bcl-2 and Bax expression of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions： The number of Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cells was less in the normal control group. The Bax-positive cells exhibited a normal shape and had large round nuclei that were predominant. One week after PTZ-induced epilepsy, the number of Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cells in the CA1 and CA2 regions was significantly increased in the remaining four groups compared to the normal control group （t = 11.606-27.042, P 〈 0.01）. The Bax-positive cells exhibited a reduced size and nuclear pyknosis was predominant. However, there was no significant difference among the four groups （P 〉 0.05）. The number of Bcl-2-positive cells in the phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramineus, and a-asarone groups were significantly increased compared to the model group （t = 4.051-6.404, P 〈 0.01）. However, the number of Bax-positive cells was not significantly different among the four groups. The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax expression was approximately 6.0 in the normal controls, 0.7 in the model group, and 1.0 in the remaining three groups. CONCLUSION： Acrous gramineus and a-asarone increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression, and also reduced the number of apoptotic hippocampal neurons during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures in immature rats.
文摘Aim of the Study: The primary aim of the study was to test the effect of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene (alpha asarone), a hypocholes terolaemic drug, on the progression of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Olive oil,the vehicle of alpha-asarone, and dexamethasonewere used as control treatments. Set-Up: Four groups of DBA/1 mice were immunised with chicken type II collagen (CII) via the intradermal route and either left untreated or were treated with alpha asarone, olive oil, or dexamethasone. A non-immunised group was an additional control. Follow-Up: The thicknesses of the rear and front footpads were continuously monitored, and the levels of anti-collagen antibodies were measured at the end of the experiment. The animals were then sacrificed, and their rear and front limbs were removed and processed forhistological examination. Results: Alpha asarone had no anti-inflammatory effect on CIA, and in one third of the animals, it showed a proinflammatory effect that was characterised by a marked accumulation of neutrophils. Olive oil did not show any obvious antiinflammatory effect on CIA, but it lowered the level of CII antibodies by 50%, suggesting a potential long-term antiinflammatory effect. As expected, dexamethasone had a clear anti-inflammatory effect on CIA. Con- clusion: Alpha asarone did not show any antiinflammatory effect on CIA in the mice under the above conditions;however, the accumulation of neutrophils in the CIA lesions of mice treated with alpha asarone and the effect of olive oil in downregulating the levels of anti-CII antibodies in CIA are two findings that warrant further investigation.
文摘Objective Study the β-asaron under the condition that the bowel each segment of rat and be worth in the diffent medicine density and pH of the absorption dynamics characteristic,as to it's the rat absorbs the part in the body and it absorbs the mechanism to carry on the study,for the further design β-asaron settle release the product to provide the living creature medicine learn the basis.Methods Apply the rat to the body to infuse to flow the bowel absorption experiment investigation and absorption dynamics characteristic;adopt the HPLC method measurement β-asaron is in rat body the bowel absorbs the medicine density within the reflux liquid.Results It absorb the quantity and β-asaron of the medicine in the reflux liquid,the density of β-asaron becomes the direct proption,the absorption speed constant of the medicine is basic and constant within the scope of the 19 μg·mL-1-57 μg·mL-1;In the pH is 5.6;6.9;8.0 three kinds of dissimilarities lie the absorption velocity constant of the quality and absorb the of percentage and also did not show the difference of salience;β-asaron is in the small intestines the lower part absorb better,absorbthe velocity to press to return to bowel,ileum,jejunum,duodenum,colon to descend one by one in order,absorb the velocity constant one by one in order is 0.402,0.396,0.385,0.325 h-1.Conclusions β-asaron absorbs to present a class absorption dynamics characteristic in the bowel way,absorbing the mechanism as passive absorption;in order to return to ileum and jejunums,main absorption part there is certain absorption in the colon,too.
