There are many well-known analytical methods for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ）. Among these methods： Gravimetric, titrimetric, potentiometric, conductometric and batch and flow-injection spectrophotometr...There are many well-known analytical methods for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ）. Among these methods： Gravimetric, titrimetric, potentiometric, conductometric and batch and flow-injection spectrophotometric methods. In present study, two batch spectrophotometric, atomic absorption spectrometric and biolabo kit methods have been used for determination of iron（Ⅱ）, iron（Ⅲ） and total iron. The present methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost reagent, low operation cost, simplicity, speed and their applications for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ） in some serum samples of normal human and fl-thalasemia patients in Erbil city. For the first time especially in Erbil city attempts were made to use zero, first and second derivative spectra to identify the serum samples of some β-thallasemia patients from the normal human serum samples due to the appearance and resolution of peaks in both cases.展开更多
Large amounts of aberrantly spliced mRNA from the β^654 allele was present in erythroid cells, which might impair the erythropoiesis. A therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia was explored by knocking down the aberra...Large amounts of aberrantly spliced mRNA from the β^654 allele was present in erythroid cells, which might impair the erythropoiesis. A therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia was explored by knocking down the aberrantly spliced mRNA of β-globin. Lentiviral vector with siRNA fragment targets on the specific portion of β^654-globin aberrantly spliced pre-mRNA was constructed. In HeLa β^654 cells, the siRNA vector could reduce approximately 60% of aberrantly spliced mRNA, which was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a disease model of β^654 thalassemia mice with lentiviral-mediated siRNA was produced by subzonal injection （named Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice）. Our results showed that the hemotological parameters were improved in Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice. This study provides a potential way for β^654-thalassemia therapy by knocking down the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA, whilst supporting that the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA may aggravate the disease.展开更多
A technique of direct sequence analysis of β-globin gene with the products of amplifi-cation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was reported and a case of β-thalassemia with therare mutation in Chinese,‘codon 14/15...A technique of direct sequence analysis of β-globin gene with the products of amplifi-cation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was reported and a case of β-thalassemia with therare mutation in Chinese,‘codon 14/15 (+G)’ was detected by this method.After the se-quence of the mutation site was determined,an analysis of the restriction map of the gene anddot blot hybridization with radioactive allele specific oligonucleotide probe was designed to con-firm the result of DNA sequencing.展开更多
A set of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting all 18 β-tha-lassemia mutations found in Chinese was immobilized on two strips of Biodyne C membrane;one containing 7 pairs of oligonucleotide ...A set of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting all 18 β-tha-lassemia mutations found in Chinese was immobilized on two strips of Biodyne C membrane;one containing 7 pairs of oligonucleotide probes specific for the most commonly found mutant al-leles,and the other containing the remaining 11 pairs of ASO_s specific for the less commonlyfound.The membranes were hybridized with β-globin sequences amplified by polymerase chainreaction (PCR) with biotinylated primers,and then treated with Streptavidin-POD conjugateand substrates for color development.The method has been applied successfully to the detectionof all 18 Chinese β-thalassemia mutations and prenatal diagnosis of two high-risk pregnancies ofβ-thalassemia.Patients with homozygous,heterozygous and compound heterozygous alleles ofthese mutations and normal individuals could be easily distinguished by the present method.Us-ing the immobilized-probe format (reverse dot blot),it was able to screen simultaneously multi-ple β-thalassemia mutations of a DNA sample by performing hybridization only once.This assayis simple,rapid and independent of radio-isotopes and can be appplied for all 18 β-thalassemiamutations so far found in Chinese population.It is considered that this method may be usefulfor gene frequency investigation of large numbers of β-thalassemia DNA samples and used as aroutine method in the clinic laboratory.展开更多
Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to prevent or decrease the risk associated with the toxic effects of medication. This study aims to evaluate the potential advantages of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of subcuta...Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to prevent or decrease the risk associated with the toxic effects of medication. This study aims to evaluate the potential advantages of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of subcutaneous Deferoxamine injection and prevention of clinical problems in β-thalassaemia major patients. Patients & Methods: Fifty-four thalassemia patients were allocated into two groups;missing, and not missing deferoxamine dose. TDM of Deferoxamine injection and it clinical outcomes was critically studied under the following subheadings: assessment of the adequacy of Deferoxamine usage, serum peak and trough concentrations of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine with needed pharmacokinetics, cardiac parameters and biomarkers, biochemical and hematological indices, adverse effects/toxicity, urinary assessment of Fe, Zn, selenium, and copper levels, compliance to treatment, dose adjustment in correlation to therapeutic index and life style. Results: Demographic data showed no significant difference. Peak plasma concentrations were 144.83±69 and 43.54±39.16 μg/L, while trough concentrations were 33±26.32 and 31.13±21.58 μg/L of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine, respectively. The elimination rate constant was 0.0237±0.00029 min-1, half-life was 34 min, and distribution volume was 0.93±0.078. Although cardiac parameters showed no significant differences, there were significant differences in CK-MB, and hsCRP levels;troponin I value could not be detected. Biochemical and hematological studies showed significant differences in Ferritin B, urea, SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin and serum calcium. Assessment of adverse effects/toxicity showed significant differences. The correlation of serum ferritin to therapeutic index, and the life style including Vitamin C and/or E administration were assessed for the compliance to treatment. Conclusion: Therapeutic monitoring of chelation therapy by Deferoxamine in β-thalassemia patients is necessary to ensure effective treatment, compliance, and to avoid adverse side effects and toxicity.展开更多
Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is characterized by absence or reduced synthesis of the β-globin. Carriers of β-thalas- semia, typically have microcytic hypochromic anemia and elevated hemoglobin HbA2 and normal HbF ...Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is characterized by absence or reduced synthesis of the β-globin. Carriers of β-thalas- semia, typically have microcytic hypochromic anemia and elevated hemoglobin HbA2 and normal HbF level. On the other hand carriers of severe alpha-thalassemia also have similar CBC parameters to that of β-thalassemia with normal HbA2 level. Co-presence of mutations in the β-globin and delta-globin genes (point mutations or deletions) usually give normal HbA2 and elevated HbF level. We report a β-thal carrier with normal level of HbA2 and increased level of HbF who had a point mutation in CD39 on the beta-globin gene and a point mutation in CD27 on the δ-globin gene named Hb-Yialousa. Materials & Methods: An individual with low hematological indices, normal HbA2 and elevated HbF was referred to our center as routine premarital screening program. Mutations in the β-globin and δ-globin genes were screened using ARMS and sequencing methods. Results: The mutation in β- and δ-globin genes were identified as CD39 and CD27 (HbYialousa) respectively. No point mutation or deletion in α-globin gene was identified. Discussion: We showed that normal HBA2 with elevated HbF level is due to co-inheritance of delta-globin gene mutation with mutation in the β-globin gene. When screening for β-thalassemia, one has to either rule out presence of α-globin gene mutation of mutation in the delta-globin gene.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemog...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemoglobin (Hb) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-globin synthesis, leading to excess </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-globin chains that cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is not a signal protein and not generated in pro-inflammatory state alone but rather an end product of oxidative stress.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Objectives: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of the study was to evaluate ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-thalassemia major and its relation to different iron chelators. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study was carried on 40 children diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major recruited from the outpatient clinic and the pediatric department, at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University and EL Minia Insurance Hospital. They were 20 male and 20 female, aged from 4 - 11 years. Another 40 apparently healthy children age and sex matched as control group. CRP and IMA were determined for all participants.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There were significant increases in serum CRP, IMA and ferritin levels in patients group compared to control group. There were significant decreases of IMA and CRP levels of thalassemic patients on chelation deferiprone (DFP) compared to deferasirox (DFX) P-value (<0.01) for each. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and both CRP and IMA levels in thalassemic children (r = 0.40, p < 0.01), (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IMA and CRP in beta-thalassemic patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">IMA, CRP and Serum ferritin were higher in children with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-thalassemia major than controls. Moreover, IMA and CRP levels in thalassemic children on deferiprone (DFP) were significantly lower compared with children on deferasirox (DFX). So it could be considered as useful markers in the follow up assessment of thalassemic patients for early detection of complications.</span></span>展开更多
Background: Iron overload in association with persistent anemia is responsible for endocrine dysfunction in β-thalassemia patients, blood transfusion combined with iron-chelation can modify life quality in these chil...Background: Iron overload in association with persistent anemia is responsible for endocrine dysfunction in β-thalassemia patients, blood transfusion combined with iron-chelation can modify life quality in these children, but they tend to suffer from delayed maturity and endocrine dysfunction. Aim: This study aims to correlate degree of hypogonadism to ferritin load in regular transfused β-thalassemia patients. Methods: It was carried out on 30 β-thalassemia major (TM) patients aged 12 to 18 years, puberty was assessed clinically, blood picture on Cell-Dyne 2700, ferritin level and pattern of FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol before and after gonadotropin (GnRH) analogue stimulation test, they were determined on ARCHITECT ABBOTT system. Results: Twenty patients had not yet achieved puberty, FSH level was 1.45 ± 1.88 mIU/ml before (GnRH) analogue and 3.78 ± 4.19 mIU/ml after 4 hours of injection. LH level was 1.91 ± 4.79 mIU/ml before (GnRH) test, while after 4 hours it was 6.52 ± 7.50 mIU/ml, 88.24% of males had low serum testosterone level, 84.6% of girls had low serum estradiol level, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone before and after GNRH analogue were statistically insignificant, mean ferritin level was 3344.32 ± 1142.142 ng/ml, with insignificant correlation to hormonal pattern before and after GnRH therapy. Conclusion: Iron overload and hypogonadism are the presenting data in this study, insignificant correlation between ferritin level and hormonal reserve pattern, there may be another etiology in pathophysiology of low gonadal reserve such as severe anemia, chronic disease and may be genetic predisposition underlying susceptibility to iron toxicity, which need further investigations.展开更多
BACKGROUND BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages and by mutually exclusive JAK2 V617F,CALR,a...BACKGROUND BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages and by mutually exclusive JAK2 V617F,CALR,and MPL[A1]mutations.The combination of MPN and thalassemia is extremely unusual.Several cases with myeloproliferative neoplasms andβ-thalassemia have been reported.However,these have not been extensively reviewed.The present report describes two cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia and reviews all similar cases reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report two patients who were diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.Both patients had abnormal increases in platelet counts.Based on bone marrow pathology and molecular biology assessment,we made the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.The female patient was given hydroxyurea and interferon,which enabled good control of her blood counts;the male patient was given ruxolitinib tablets,thalidomide tablets,and interferon to control the condition,but the patient poorly responded to drug treatment and died of gastrointestinal bleeding six months later.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,we hypothesize that myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia can lead to rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe refractory anemia during pregnancy can cause serious maternal and fetal complications.If the cause cannot be identified in time and accurately,blind symptomatic support treatment may cause serious ec...BACKGROUND Severe refractory anemia during pregnancy can cause serious maternal and fetal complications.If the cause cannot be identified in time and accurately,blind symptomatic support treatment may cause serious economic burden.Thalassemia minor pregnancy is commonly considered uneventful,and the condition of anemia rarely progresses during pregnancy.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA)is rare during pregnancy with no exact incidence available.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 30-year-oldβ-thalassemia minor multiparous patient experiencing severe refractory anemia throughout pregnancy.We monitored the patient closely,carried out a full differential diagnosis,made a diagnosis of direct antiglobulin test-negative AIHA,and treated her with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin.The patient gave birth to a healthy full-term baby.CONCLUSION Coombs-negative AIHA should be suspected in cases of severe hemolytic anemia in pregnant patients with and without other hematological diseases.展开更多
文摘There are many well-known analytical methods for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ）. Among these methods： Gravimetric, titrimetric, potentiometric, conductometric and batch and flow-injection spectrophotometric methods. In present study, two batch spectrophotometric, atomic absorption spectrometric and biolabo kit methods have been used for determination of iron（Ⅱ）, iron（Ⅲ） and total iron. The present methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost reagent, low operation cost, simplicity, speed and their applications for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ） in some serum samples of normal human and fl-thalasemia patients in Erbil city. For the first time especially in Erbil city attempts were made to use zero, first and second derivative spectra to identify the serum samples of some β-thallasemia patients from the normal human serum samples due to the appearance and resolution of peaks in both cases.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No 2004CB518806)the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) (No 2007AA021206)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 30571777)the Chinese National and Shanghai Leading Academic Disci-pline Project (No B204)
文摘Large amounts of aberrantly spliced mRNA from the β^654 allele was present in erythroid cells, which might impair the erythropoiesis. A therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia was explored by knocking down the aberrantly spliced mRNA of β-globin. Lentiviral vector with siRNA fragment targets on the specific portion of β^654-globin aberrantly spliced pre-mRNA was constructed. In HeLa β^654 cells, the siRNA vector could reduce approximately 60% of aberrantly spliced mRNA, which was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a disease model of β^654 thalassemia mice with lentiviral-mediated siRNA was produced by subzonal injection （named Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice）. Our results showed that the hemotological parameters were improved in Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice. This study provides a potential way for β^654-thalassemia therapy by knocking down the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA, whilst supporting that the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA may aggravate the disease.
文摘A technique of direct sequence analysis of β-globin gene with the products of amplifi-cation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was reported and a case of β-thalassemia with therare mutation in Chinese,‘codon 14/15 (+G)’ was detected by this method.After the se-quence of the mutation site was determined,an analysis of the restriction map of the gene anddot blot hybridization with radioactive allele specific oligonucleotide probe was designed to con-firm the result of DNA sequencing.
文摘A set of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting all 18 β-tha-lassemia mutations found in Chinese was immobilized on two strips of Biodyne C membrane;one containing 7 pairs of oligonucleotide probes specific for the most commonly found mutant al-leles,and the other containing the remaining 11 pairs of ASO_s specific for the less commonlyfound.The membranes were hybridized with β-globin sequences amplified by polymerase chainreaction (PCR) with biotinylated primers,and then treated with Streptavidin-POD conjugateand substrates for color development.The method has been applied successfully to the detectionof all 18 Chinese β-thalassemia mutations and prenatal diagnosis of two high-risk pregnancies ofβ-thalassemia.Patients with homozygous,heterozygous and compound heterozygous alleles ofthese mutations and normal individuals could be easily distinguished by the present method.Us-ing the immobilized-probe format (reverse dot blot),it was able to screen simultaneously multi-ple β-thalassemia mutations of a DNA sample by performing hybridization only once.This assayis simple,rapid and independent of radio-isotopes and can be appplied for all 18 β-thalassemiamutations so far found in Chinese population.It is considered that this method may be usefulfor gene frequency investigation of large numbers of β-thalassemia DNA samples and used as aroutine method in the clinic laboratory.
文摘Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to prevent or decrease the risk associated with the toxic effects of medication. This study aims to evaluate the potential advantages of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of subcutaneous Deferoxamine injection and prevention of clinical problems in β-thalassaemia major patients. Patients & Methods: Fifty-four thalassemia patients were allocated into two groups;missing, and not missing deferoxamine dose. TDM of Deferoxamine injection and it clinical outcomes was critically studied under the following subheadings: assessment of the adequacy of Deferoxamine usage, serum peak and trough concentrations of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine with needed pharmacokinetics, cardiac parameters and biomarkers, biochemical and hematological indices, adverse effects/toxicity, urinary assessment of Fe, Zn, selenium, and copper levels, compliance to treatment, dose adjustment in correlation to therapeutic index and life style. Results: Demographic data showed no significant difference. Peak plasma concentrations were 144.83±69 and 43.54±39.16 μg/L, while trough concentrations were 33±26.32 and 31.13±21.58 μg/L of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine, respectively. The elimination rate constant was 0.0237±0.00029 min-1, half-life was 34 min, and distribution volume was 0.93±0.078. Although cardiac parameters showed no significant differences, there were significant differences in CK-MB, and hsCRP levels;troponin I value could not be detected. Biochemical and hematological studies showed significant differences in Ferritin B, urea, SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin and serum calcium. Assessment of adverse effects/toxicity showed significant differences. The correlation of serum ferritin to therapeutic index, and the life style including Vitamin C and/or E administration were assessed for the compliance to treatment. Conclusion: Therapeutic monitoring of chelation therapy by Deferoxamine in β-thalassemia patients is necessary to ensure effective treatment, compliance, and to avoid adverse side effects and toxicity.
文摘Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is characterized by absence or reduced synthesis of the β-globin. Carriers of β-thalas- semia, typically have microcytic hypochromic anemia and elevated hemoglobin HbA2 and normal HbF level. On the other hand carriers of severe alpha-thalassemia also have similar CBC parameters to that of β-thalassemia with normal HbA2 level. Co-presence of mutations in the β-globin and delta-globin genes (point mutations or deletions) usually give normal HbA2 and elevated HbF level. We report a β-thal carrier with normal level of HbA2 and increased level of HbF who had a point mutation in CD39 on the beta-globin gene and a point mutation in CD27 on the δ-globin gene named Hb-Yialousa. Materials & Methods: An individual with low hematological indices, normal HbA2 and elevated HbF was referred to our center as routine premarital screening program. Mutations in the β-globin and δ-globin genes were screened using ARMS and sequencing methods. Results: The mutation in β- and δ-globin genes were identified as CD39 and CD27 (HbYialousa) respectively. No point mutation or deletion in α-globin gene was identified. Discussion: We showed that normal HBA2 with elevated HbF level is due to co-inheritance of delta-globin gene mutation with mutation in the β-globin gene. When screening for β-thalassemia, one has to either rule out presence of α-globin gene mutation of mutation in the delta-globin gene.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemoglobin (Hb) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-globin synthesis, leading to excess </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-globin chains that cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is not a signal protein and not generated in pro-inflammatory state alone but rather an end product of oxidative stress.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Objectives: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of the study was to evaluate ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-thalassemia major and its relation to different iron chelators. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study was carried on 40 children diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major recruited from the outpatient clinic and the pediatric department, at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University and EL Minia Insurance Hospital. They were 20 male and 20 female, aged from 4 - 11 years. Another 40 apparently healthy children age and sex matched as control group. CRP and IMA were determined for all participants.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There were significant increases in serum CRP, IMA and ferritin levels in patients group compared to control group. There were significant decreases of IMA and CRP levels of thalassemic patients on chelation deferiprone (DFP) compared to deferasirox (DFX) P-value (<0.01) for each. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and both CRP and IMA levels in thalassemic children (r = 0.40, p < 0.01), (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IMA and CRP in beta-thalassemic patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">IMA, CRP and Serum ferritin were higher in children with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-thalassemia major than controls. Moreover, IMA and CRP levels in thalassemic children on deferiprone (DFP) were significantly lower compared with children on deferasirox (DFX). So it could be considered as useful markers in the follow up assessment of thalassemic patients for early detection of complications.</span></span>
文摘Background: Iron overload in association with persistent anemia is responsible for endocrine dysfunction in β-thalassemia patients, blood transfusion combined with iron-chelation can modify life quality in these children, but they tend to suffer from delayed maturity and endocrine dysfunction. Aim: This study aims to correlate degree of hypogonadism to ferritin load in regular transfused β-thalassemia patients. Methods: It was carried out on 30 β-thalassemia major (TM) patients aged 12 to 18 years, puberty was assessed clinically, blood picture on Cell-Dyne 2700, ferritin level and pattern of FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol before and after gonadotropin (GnRH) analogue stimulation test, they were determined on ARCHITECT ABBOTT system. Results: Twenty patients had not yet achieved puberty, FSH level was 1.45 ± 1.88 mIU/ml before (GnRH) analogue and 3.78 ± 4.19 mIU/ml after 4 hours of injection. LH level was 1.91 ± 4.79 mIU/ml before (GnRH) test, while after 4 hours it was 6.52 ± 7.50 mIU/ml, 88.24% of males had low serum testosterone level, 84.6% of girls had low serum estradiol level, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone before and after GNRH analogue were statistically insignificant, mean ferritin level was 3344.32 ± 1142.142 ng/ml, with insignificant correlation to hormonal pattern before and after GnRH therapy. Conclusion: Iron overload and hypogonadism are the presenting data in this study, insignificant correlation between ferritin level and hormonal reserve pattern, there may be another etiology in pathophysiology of low gonadal reserve such as severe anemia, chronic disease and may be genetic predisposition underlying susceptibility to iron toxicity, which need further investigations.
文摘BACKGROUND BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages and by mutually exclusive JAK2 V617F,CALR,and MPL[A1]mutations.The combination of MPN and thalassemia is extremely unusual.Several cases with myeloproliferative neoplasms andβ-thalassemia have been reported.However,these have not been extensively reviewed.The present report describes two cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia and reviews all similar cases reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report two patients who were diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.Both patients had abnormal increases in platelet counts.Based on bone marrow pathology and molecular biology assessment,we made the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.The female patient was given hydroxyurea and interferon,which enabled good control of her blood counts;the male patient was given ruxolitinib tablets,thalidomide tablets,and interferon to control the condition,but the patient poorly responded to drug treatment and died of gastrointestinal bleeding six months later.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,we hypothesize that myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia can lead to rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe refractory anemia during pregnancy can cause serious maternal and fetal complications.If the cause cannot be identified in time and accurately,blind symptomatic support treatment may cause serious economic burden.Thalassemia minor pregnancy is commonly considered uneventful,and the condition of anemia rarely progresses during pregnancy.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA)is rare during pregnancy with no exact incidence available.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 30-year-oldβ-thalassemia minor multiparous patient experiencing severe refractory anemia throughout pregnancy.We monitored the patient closely,carried out a full differential diagnosis,made a diagnosis of direct antiglobulin test-negative AIHA,and treated her with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin.The patient gave birth to a healthy full-term baby.CONCLUSION Coombs-negative AIHA should be suspected in cases of severe hemolytic anemia in pregnant patients with and without other hematological diseases.
