Formation and Characteristics of Acrylonitrile/Urea Inclusion Compound

The formation process and composition of the acrylonitrile/urea inclusion compounds （AN/UIC） with different aging times and AN/urea molar feed ratios are studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is suggested that DSC can determine the guest/host ratio and the heat of decomposition. Meanwhile, the guest/host ratio and heat of decomposition are obtained, which are 1.17 and 5361.53 J/mol, respec- tively. It is suggested AN molecules included in urea canal lattice may be packed flat against each other. It is found that the formation of AN/UIC depends on the aging time. XRD results reveal that once AN molecules enter urea lattice, AN/UIC are formed, which possess the final structure. When AN molecules are sufficient, the length of AN molecular arrays in urea canals increases as aging time prolonging until urea tunnels are saturated by AN.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Inclusion Compound Constructed through Self-assembly of Nicotinamide and Dicyanamide Coordination Bridges

A novel inclusion compound of [Mn（dca）2（3-nic）2]n·（3-nic）2n（1,dca = dicyanamide,3-nic = nicotinamide） has been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,elemental analysis and IR.This complex crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 7.5979（8）,b = 7.7128（9）,c = 14.5346（17）,α = 100.094（2）,β = 92.444（2）,γ = 116.736（2）o,V = 741.72（15） 3,Z = 1,Dc = 1.512 g/cm3,Mr = 675.55,μ = 0.507 mm-1,F（000） = 347,S = 1.023,the final R = 0.0400 and wR = 0.1010.The inclusion compound is constructed by a three-dimensional host network that consists of dca,3-nic and Mn2＋ with coordination and hydrogen-bonding interactions.In the network,one-dimensional rectangular channels are formed,and the guest molecules（3-nic） are included in the channels.The guest molecules interlink with the host through strong hydrogen bonds.

Multiform Host Lattices in the Layer Type Inclusion Compound of Thiourea with Tetrabutylammonium Salicylate and Water

A new inclusion complex thiourea with tetrabutylammonium salicylate and water, 4(C4H9)4N+C7H5O3 ?4(NH2)2CS?2H2O, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallo- graphy. Crystal data: MoKα radiation, triclinic, space group P1 with a = 13.505(5), b = 13.645(5), c = 30.720(10) ?, α = 92.872(7), β = 92.329(7), γ = 92.538(7)°, V = 5643.0(3) ?3, C96H184N12O14S4, Mr = 1858.79, Z = 2, Dc = 1.094 g/cm3, μ = 0.143 mm-1, F(000) = 2040, R = 0.0694 and wR = 0.1282 for 4303 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). There are three different layer type host-lattices in the crystal structure of the title compound. All of them are formed by [(NH2)2CS·(C7H5O3 )]4 tetramers, but water molecules are located between tetramers and link them by hydrogen bonds to generate ribbons at c = 0 and 1/2, and isolated tetramers are arranged side by side at c = 1/4. The tetrabutylammonium cations are sandwiched between puckered layers.

Two Polymorphs of the Inclusion Compound [(n-C_4H_9)_4N]^+·(C_(13)H_9O_3)^-·H_2O

Two polymorphs of the inclusion compound [（n-C4H9）4N]＋＇（C13H903）H2O have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Polymorph 1： triclinic P1, a = 13.4982（2）, b = 13.5743（2）, c = 17.1996（2） A, at = 67.045（1）,β = 77.845（1）, γ= 88.762（1）°, V = 2830.43（7） A3, Z = 4, R = 0.0491, wR= 0.1276; Polymorph 2： tetragonal P43, a = b = 13.53690（1） A, c = 30.8491（8） A, V = 5653.02（16） A3, Z = 8, R = 0.0448, wR = 0.0984. In these two crystal structures, the hydrogen-bonded ribbons built of 4,4＇-dihydroxybenzophenone （DHBP, C13H1003） anions and water molecules are orderly arranged to generate two-dimensional host layers, with tetrabutylammonium cations contained between the layers to form the sandwich-like inclusion compounds. The structures of 1 and 2, which exist as two polymorphs, both display the similar packing pattern and hydrogen-bond linking model.

Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetron Sputtering and Selective Nanodecoration onto <i>α</i>-Cyclodextrin/Carboxylic Acid Inclusion Compounds Crystals

In this work, we report the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the nanodecoration of α-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds (α-CD IC) microcrystals that contain palmitic (PAc) and stearic acids (SAc) like guest molecules. These IC provide a suitable environment for nucleation, epitaxial growth and immobilization of AgNPs that were obtained by the magnetron sputtering technique. The use of α-CD IC substrates with a specific surface morphology in which the functional group of the guest molecule faces outward preferentially from a crystal plane, is an efficient method for the preparation of AgNPs with a low size dispersion, which is probably due to the high affinity between the functional group of the surfactant carboxylic acid guest with the metal nanoparticles.

The Molecular and Crystal Structure of an Inclusion Compound Formed between Acetylferrocene Pyridine-2, 6-diformylhydrazone and Ethanol

: The crystal structure of an inclusion compound formed between acetyl-ferrocene pyridine-2, 6-diformylhydrazone and ethanol was report in the present work.The crystal of C33,H35N5O3Fe2 is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 23. 249 (3 ), b=ll. 576(2), c=22. 794(4) A, β=103. 53(l)’, V=5964(1) A3, Mr=66l- 37, Z=8, Dc= 1. 473g/cm3, F (000) = 2752. 00, μ = 10. l5 cm-1. It was found that theethanol molecule present in the crystal lattice depends on the van der Waals force ratherthan hydrogen bonding.

土壤Cd、Pb污染对苣苋草生物量、生理生化特征和Cd、Pb积累特性的影响

【目的】比较两品种苣苋草对Cd、Pb胁迫的生理生化响应的差异性,寻找对Cd、Pb胁迫抗性较强的品种。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下‘R104’和‘K472’两品种苣苋草的生物量,Cd、Pb积累特性,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】两品种苣苋草的生物量在单一Cd胁迫时下降,在低浓度Pb(2.5 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时上升,在高浓度Pb(10.0 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时下降,在Cd、Pb复合胁迫时表现为先上升后下降的趋势。Cd、Pb单一胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着相应元素胁迫浓度的增大而上升;Cd、Pb复合胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着另一元素胁迫浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势。随着Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫浓度的增大,苣苋草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈抑制效应。Cd、Pb交互作用在苣苋草生物量和SOD活性上总体表现为复合胁迫>单一胁迫;在植物重金属含量上表现为:低浓度Cd与Pb互为促进作用,高浓度Cd与Pb互为拮抗作用。【结论】苣苋草主要通过提高POD活性和维持CAT活性来抵抗Cd、Pb胁迫;‘R104’的抗性大于‘K472’,表明‘R104’更适合在重金属Pb污染的土壤区域推广种植。

Compound contamination and secondary ecological effects of Cd and As in soil－alfalfa ecosystems

d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.

Crystal Structure and Luminescent Properties of a 3D Cd(Ⅱ) Compound Constructed from Succinate and 3,6-Di(4-pyridyl)pyridazine

A three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer,[Cd（SC）（DPPD）]_n（1,H_2SC = succinic acid and DPPD = 3,6-di（4-pyridyl）pyridazine）,has been synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with H_2 SC and DPPD at 120 ℃ in DMF solvent. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2_1/c,with a = 10.7993（4）,b = 11.7705（3）,c = 13.5336（6） A,V = 1678.89（11） A^3,Z = 4,C18H14N4O_4 Cd,M_r = 462.73,D_c = 1.831 g/cm^3,μ = 1.335 mm^（-1）,F（000） = 920.0,the final R = 0.0500 and wR = 0.1567 for 3714 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1,the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the SC^2– ligands to give a two-dimensional（2D） undulating sheet based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units. The 2D sheets are further connected by the DPPD ligands to produce a 3D structure,which is a 6-connected（4^4·6·^10·8） topological network based on the dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 node. Compound 1 exhibits a photoluminescent emission with a maximum at 540 nm upon excitation at 460 nm.

Mitigative Effect of La on Glycine max seedlings under Pb-Cd Compound Pollution

Mitigative effect of La on Glycine max seedlings under combined Pb and Cd pollution was studied through pot culture experiment. The results show that the growth and metabolism of Glycine max seedlings are inhibited by the solution with 500 mg.L-1 Pb + 100 mg.L-1 Cd. When 30 mg. L-1 LaCl3 is used to spray Glycine max seedlings once, the injury effect of combined Pb and Cd pollution is reduced. The experiment proves that the effect is related to La which can raise photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and activity of nitrate reductase, and reduce cell membrane permeability, content of Pb and Cd, and keep TTC reduction ability of Glycine max seedling.

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of a Cd(Ⅱ) Compound with(4,6)-Connected Topology

A new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, namely {Cd_2（L）（biimpy）（H_2O）}_n（1, H4 L = 3-（3？,5？-dicarboxylphenoxy）phthalic acid, biimpy = 2,6-bis（1-imdazoly）pyridine）, has been successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal reactions of Cd（Ⅱ） ions, H_4L and biimpy. The crystal structure is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 7.7874（5）, b = 9.9716（5）, c = 18.5278（6） ？, α = 91.327（4）, β = 96.689（4）, γ = 111.896（5）o, V = 1322.39（12） ？~3, C_（27）H_（17）Cd_2N_5O_（10）, M_r = 796.26, Z = 2,D_c = 2.000 g/cm^3, F（000） = 780, μ = 1.679 mm^（-1）, R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.0767 for 3890 observed reflections（I 〉 2s（I））. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that compound 1 features a three-dimensional（3D） framework based on two different dinuclear [Cd_2（COO）_2] building subunits, and topological analysis shows that it can be simplified into a binodal（4,6）-connected topological network with the point symbol of {3.4~2.5~2.6}{3~2.4~2.5~2.6~4.7~4.8}. Moreover, the thermal stability and luminescent property of compound 1 were also studied.

Distinct Cytoskeletal Injuries Induced by As,Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni Compounds

The risks of metal compounds to human health are highlighted by the ubiquity of exposure and their persistence in the environment.Although compounds of As,Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni are known or“reasonably anticipated”to be carcinogenic to humans and/or experimental animals, the cellular targets of these health hazards and the underlying mechanisms of their carcinogenic- ity are still unclear.We show in this report that dramatic,time-and dose-dependent cytoskeletal perturbations,especially in the distribution and organization patterns of microtubules and mi- crofilaments,two of the principal components of the cytoskeleton,occurred in 3T3 cells upon exposure to these metal salts.Each metal salt appeared to induce a different,typical pattern of cytoskeletal injury,probably reflecting the specificity of action of each metal ion.These results suggest that the cytoskeleton can indeed act as a target for injury by epigenetic carcinogenic metal compounds in the environment.These findings should help our efforts to understand the mechanisms of action of metal compounds at the subcellular and molecular levels.1989 Academic Press,Inc.

Inclusion Complex of Paclitaxel in Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Introduction Paclitaxel （as Taxol） is a kind of diterpenoid natural product extracted from Chinese yew. It has been reported to have high anti-tumor effects, such as the activity against oophorama, mammary cancer, encephaloma, cervical carcinoma, and non- small-cell lung carcinoma. One of the major problems of paclitaxel applied to therapy is its extremely low solubility in water. In addition, paclitaxel is administered as a slow infusion in a vehicle consisting of Cremophor EL （ polyoxyethylated castor oil ）. However, Cremophor has been observed to cause severe, occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions in animals and humans. Therefore, paclitaxel therapy includes a prophylactic regimen of antihistamines and corticosteroids , along with a prolonged infusion time to reduce the severity and incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Because of the reasons mentioned above, currently its preparation needs to be improved further.

Inclusion Behavior of Dimer β-CyclodextrinBridged with Aspartic Acid Derivative

The (β-cyclodextrin (CD) dimer bridged with aspartic acid (ASP) derivative, FITC-ASP(NH-(-CD)2 (Host, FITC=fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate), was synthesized. Fluorescence polarization study showed that the novel host formed an inclusion compound, [FITC-ASP(NH-(-CD)2]ATA, for which Kd was determined to be 5.0×10-6 mol/L by Beacon 2000 Analyzer, when ATA (Guest) = Adm-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH2 (Adm = 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid, Trp = tryptophan, Arg = arginine), where Kd is the dissociation constant in aqueous solution at 298 K.

Comparative analysis on homogeneity of Pb and Cd in epoxy molding compounds

Reference materials for quantitative determination of regulated heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd in electronic components, were designed and investigated in terms of stability and homogeneity. Reference materials with two concentration levels of heavy metals were prepared by spiking Pb and Cd compounds to epoxy molding compounds made by mixing silica powders and epoxy resin. The concentration changes of the reference materials during stability test for 1 a were not observed. In the homogeneity assessment, the as-prepared reference materials were studied by using three different analytical tools, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray fluoroescence spectrometry (XRF) and laser ablation ICP mass. The results show different homogeneities by the characteristics of analytical tools and the materials.

Strong Inclusion Complexation Using Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as Host Molecule

Inclusion complexes of nitro-compounds using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as host molecule have been studied by cyclic voltammetric method. The inclusion constants of the corresponding complexes have been determined. Strong inclusion complexation by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin has been verified

Compound fufangteng mixture affects the expression of CD69 on CD11b^(+) monocytes in immunosuppressed mice

Objective:To investigate the effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on the expression levels of CD11b^(+)monocytes surface activation molecules CD2,CD69 and depleted molecules PD-1 and CD95 in spleen and peripheral blood of immunosuppressed mice.Methods:30 healthy SPF Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into Control,immunosuppressive model group(CTX group),high,medium and low dose intervention group(CTX+CFM-H group,CTX+CFM-M group,CTX+CFM-L group),Astragalus particles(AP)intervention group(CTX+AP group).The mice in each intervention group were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide(CTX)70 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days,and then administered for 10 d according to the group regimen,and the materials were taken 24 h after the last dose.Flow cytometry detected the expression of CD11b^(+)monocytes surface activation molecules(CD2,CD69)and depleting molecules(PD-1,CD95)in mouse peripheral blood.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression levels of CD11b^(+)and CD69+in the spleen of CTX+CFM-H,CTX+CFM-M and CTX+CFM-L groups showed an improvement trend,and decreased with the dose gradient of CFM.Conclusion:CFM could regulate the immune function of splenic CD11b+ CD69 cells in immunosuppressed mice.

Rational Design and Construction of a CdS QDs/lnVO_(4) Atomic-Layer(110)/(110)Facet S-Scheme Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of C_(2)H_(4)

Exploring high efficiency S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with strong redox ability for removing volatile organic compounds from the air is of great interest and importance.However,how to predict and regulate the transport of photogenerated carriers in heterojunctions is a great challenge.Here,density functional theory calculations were first used to successfully predict the formation of a CdS quantum dots/InVO_(4)atomic-layer(110)/(110)facet S-scheme heterojunction.Subsequently,a CdS quantum dots/InVO_(4)atomic-layer was synthesized by in-situ loading of CdS quantum dots with(110)facets onto the(110)facets of InVO_(4)atomic-layer.As a result of the deliberately constructed built-in electric field between the adjoining facets,we obtain a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate for ethylene.This rate is 13.8 times that of pure CdS and 13.2 times that of pure InVO_(4).In-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried out.These experiments validate that the built-in electric field enhanced the dissociation of photoexcited excitons and the separation of free charge carriers,and results in the formation of S-scheme charge transfer pathways.The reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic C_(2)H_(4)oxidation is investigated by in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance.This work provides a mechanistic insight into the construction and optimization of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for application to environmental remediation.

基于LEO/β-CD的长效芳香功能皮革的研究

为提高芳香皮革的留香性能,以蓝湿革为原料皮,β-环糊精包合薰衣草香精(LEO/β-CD)为香料,以加香后皮革的刺激性气味强度、香气浓度、香气舒适度、柔软度等为评价指标,采用正交设计法对复鞣、加脂、套色工序的加香工艺进行优化,并考察在不同温度下的留香性能。结果表明,薰衣草芳香皮革的最佳制备工艺为:复鞣工序的LEO/β-CD添加量为0.1%,加脂工序用量0.5%,套色工序用量0.2%;该芳香皮革的留香性能远高于普通芳香皮革,可在常温下存放6个月。利用β-环糊精包合香料制备的芳香皮革具有长效留香性能,这为制备芳香功能皮革提供了一种新思路。

无机-有机复配材料对Cd污染土壤的修复效应

利用大田试验方法,对无机-有机复配材料对Cd污染土壤的修复效应进行分析和研究。其中无机材料主要以海泡石、蒙脱土以及骨粉为主,而有机材料主要包括菌渣、鸡粪。经过研究发现,无机-有机复配材料能够有效提高Cd污染土壤的pH值,pH值最多增加0.96个单位。并且对不同的受污染土壤进行检测,土壤中的TCLP提取态Cd含量都降低。其中骨粉+有机材料对修复土壤的过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性效果最佳。因此,利用无机-有机复配材料对修复Cd土壤可以获得预期效果,可以在当前的Cd污染土壤修复过程中进行推广应用。