This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave （MMW） to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3,...This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave （MMW） to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by β-mercaptoethanol （BME） in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin （NS） and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.展开更多
This paper uses the weakly nonlinear method and perturbation method to deal with the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation,and the modified Korteweg-de Vries（mKdV） equations describing the evolution of the amplitude ...This paper uses the weakly nonlinear method and perturbation method to deal with the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation,and the modified Korteweg-de Vries（mKdV） equations describing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves as the change of Rossby parameter β（у） with latitude у is obtained.展开更多
This paper presents a method for expanding horizontal flow variables in data using the free solutions to the shallow-water system as a basis set. This method for equatorial wave expansion of instantaneous flows（EWEIF...This paper presents a method for expanding horizontal flow variables in data using the free solutions to the shallow-water system as a basis set. This method for equatorial wave expansion of instantaneous flows（EWEIF） uses dynamic constraints in conjunction with projections of data onto parabolic cylinder functions to determine the amplitude of all equatorial waves.EWEIF allows us to decompose an instantaneous wave flow into individual equatorial waves with a presumed equivalent depth without using temporal or spatial filtering a priori.Three sets of EWEIF analyses are presented. The first set is to confirm that EWEIF is capable of recovering the individual waves constructed from theoretical equatorial wave solutions under various scenarios. The other two sets demonstrate the ability of the EWEIF method to derive time series of individual equatorial waves from instantaneous wave fields without knowing a priori exactly which waves exist in the data as well as their spatial and temporal scales using outputs of an equatorial β-channel shallow-water model and ERA-Interim data. The third set of demonstrations shows, for the first time, the continuous evolutions of individual equatorial waves in the stratosphere whose amplitude is synchronized with the background zonal wind as predicted by quasi-biennial oscillation theory.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave （MMW） to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by β-mercaptoethanol （BME） in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin （NS） and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.
基金Project supported by the Educational Department of Inner Mongolia (NJZY:08005)Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No KLOCAW0805)
文摘This paper uses the weakly nonlinear method and perturbation method to deal with the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation,and the modified Korteweg-de Vries（mKdV） equations describing the evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves as the change of Rossby parameter β（у） with latitude у is obtained.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation(Grant No.AGS-1354834)the NASA Interdisciplinary Studies Program(Grant No.NNH12ZDA001NIDS)
文摘This paper presents a method for expanding horizontal flow variables in data using the free solutions to the shallow-water system as a basis set. This method for equatorial wave expansion of instantaneous flows（EWEIF） uses dynamic constraints in conjunction with projections of data onto parabolic cylinder functions to determine the amplitude of all equatorial waves.EWEIF allows us to decompose an instantaneous wave flow into individual equatorial waves with a presumed equivalent depth without using temporal or spatial filtering a priori.Three sets of EWEIF analyses are presented. The first set is to confirm that EWEIF is capable of recovering the individual waves constructed from theoretical equatorial wave solutions under various scenarios. The other two sets demonstrate the ability of the EWEIF method to derive time series of individual equatorial waves from instantaneous wave fields without knowing a priori exactly which waves exist in the data as well as their spatial and temporal scales using outputs of an equatorial β-channel shallow-water model and ERA-Interim data. The third set of demonstrations shows, for the first time, the continuous evolutions of individual equatorial waves in the stratosphere whose amplitude is synchronized with the background zonal wind as predicted by quasi-biennial oscillation theory.
