Two commonly used growth promotants in the United States beef industry are <em>β</em>-agonists and anabolic steroid hormones. Each has been shown to increase lean muscle deposition in cattle provided trea...Two commonly used growth promotants in the United States beef industry are <em>β</em>-agonists and anabolic steroid hormones. Each has been shown to increase lean muscle deposition in cattle provided treatments of each growth technology, but much is still unknown of how steroidal implants and <em>β</em>-agonists work in combination. It was our goal to determine the effect of implant strategy and <em>β</em>-agonist administration in beef feedlot heifers (n = 264). A 3 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design was used with 2 levels of OPT and 3 different durations of terminal implant (TI) windows for a total of 6 treatment groups with 9 replications. Terminal implants (20 mg estradiol/200 mg trenbolone acetate implant, Component TE-200) were provided to heifers 140 d from slaughter (TI140), 100 d from slaughter (TI100), or 60 d from slaughter (TI60). Animals receiving the later two TI being first implanted on day 0 (8 mg estradiol/80 mg trenbolone acetate implant, Component TE-IH). The second treatment of the cattle received was the orally active beta adrenergic agonist, ractopamine-hydrochloride (RH) in the form of Optaflexx<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>(OPT;0 (NO) or 200 (YES) mg/hd<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>d<sup>-1</sup>) over the final 28 days of the trial. Thirty animals were subjected to longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies on d 0, 40, 80, 112, and at slaughter on d 140 to view mRNA levels of myogenic related genes and protein quantities of the <em>β</em>1-adrenergic receptor (<em>β</em>1 AR) and <em>β</em>2-adrenergic receptor (<em>β</em>2 AR). On the same days, blood samples were taken from 108 animals to assess changes in plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and progesterone due to treatments. Relative mRNA levels of myosin heavy chain IIX (MHC IIX), AMPKα, and IGF-I were increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in animals receiving a TI100 over the other two implant dates after OPT was fed to animals. After OPT administration myosin heavy chain IIA (MHC IIA) mRNA levels tended to decrease (<em>P</em> = 0.09) due to OPT. An interaction between TI d and OPT administration caused an increase (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in MHC IIA mRNA level in the TI60/Yes treatment group over all other treatments except the TI100/No treatment group. Protein intensity of the <em>β</em>2 AR was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) by the latest TI d (TI60) during OPT feeding, while<em> β</em>1 AR protein intensity tended to be lower (<em>P</em> < 0.10) in animals fed OPT. Plasma BUN levels were reduced (<em>P</em> < 0.05) after terminal implants and OPT feeding;while progesterone was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) by OPT alone. Neither growth promotant affected NEFA levels in plasma. Collectively, these data indicate that ractopamine hydrochloride and estradiol + trenbolone acetate implants alter myogenic mRNA, <em>β</em>-adrenergic receptors, and blood metabolites in finishing beef heifers.展开更多
A novel and effective BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3 composite catalyst was synthesized through a precipitation method. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the samples were certified by X-ray diffraction, UV...A novel and effective BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3 composite catalyst was synthesized through a precipitation method. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the samples were certified by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterizations. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the synthesized BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3 composite catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH) under simulated sunlight. Furthermore, the TCH degradation rate of BiOCl0.9I0.1/15%β-Bi2O3 increased by 27.6% and 61.4% compared with those of the pure BiOCl0.9I0.1 and pure β-Bi2O3, respectively. Due to the multiple vacancies and valence states possessed by BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3, namely Bi5+, Bi(3-x)+, Bi5+–O, Bi3+–O, I- and I3-, the charge separation in photocatalysis reactions can be effectively promoted. The Mott-Schottky measurements indicate that the conduction band(CB) level of BiOCl0.9I0.1/15%β-Bi2O3 becomes more negative relative to that of BiOCl0.9I0.1, guaranteeing an advantageous effect on the redox ability of the photocatalyst. This study provides a new bright spot for the construction of high-performance photocatalysts.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of zinc (Zn) in combination with zilpaterol HCL (ZH) affected the interaction of ZH with the beta2-adrenergic receptor (<span style="white-space:now...The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of zinc (Zn) in combination with zilpaterol HCL (ZH) affected the interaction of ZH with the beta2-adrenergic receptor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i></i></span><i>β<span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></i>-AR) by altering cAMP production, gene expression, and protein abundance in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Cultures of muscle bovine satellite cells were established and treated at 120 h with: 1) 0 μM Zn/zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH;<strong>CON</strong>);2) 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH (<strong>ZH</strong>);3) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/0 μM ZH (<strong>Zn</strong>);4) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/10 μM ZH (<strong>ZN/ZH</strong>) in differentiation media for an additional 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. Protein and mRNA were isolated and quantified at 24 and 96 h, and cAMP was measured at 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. At 0, 24, 48 and 96 h, no differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in cAMP production. At 6 h, Zn cells had the greatest concentration of cAMP (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i></i></span><i>P<span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></i> < 0.05) compared to ZH treatments. No differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in mRNA abundance at 24 h. At 96 h, 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH cells had an increased abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I mRNA (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> < 0.05) compared to CON. Furthermore, ZH had a greater abundance of MHC-IIX mRNA (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> < 0.05) and a tendency for a greater abundance of IGF-1 mRNA (<span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> < 0.15) compared to CON and ZN/ZH. No differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in the protein abundance of <i><span style="white-space:normal;">β</span></i>1AR and the <i><span style="white-space:normal;">β</span></i>2AR. These results indicated Zn and ZH in combination did not have an additive effect on<em> β</em>2-AR function as indicated by cAMP concentrations.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of hydromorphone hydrochloride postoperative analgesia on the inflammatory cytokines, S-100β, and NSE in elderly patients after total hip replacement (THR).Methods: A total of 100 pati...Objective:To explore the effect of hydromorphone hydrochloride postoperative analgesia on the inflammatory cytokines, S-100β, and NSE in elderly patients after total hip replacement (THR).Methods: A total of 100 patients who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2015 to July, 2016 for THR were included in the study and randomized into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each group. After operation, the patients in the two groups were immediately given patient-controlled analgesia. The patients in the observation group were given hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.3 mg) + dexamethasone (5 mg) + normal saline (100 mL), while the patients in the control group were given sufentanil (150 μg) + dexamethasone (5 mg) + normal saline (100 mL). The morning fasting peripheral venous blood before operation, 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups was collected. ELISA was used to detect the serum CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the plasma S-100β and NSE levels.Results:The serum CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups were significantly elevated when compared with before operation, and were reduced 3d after operation. CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels at each timing point after operation in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The plasma S-100βand NSE levels 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups were significantly elevated when compared with before operation, and were reduced 3 d after operation. The plasma S-100β and NSE levels at each timing point after operation in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions:Hydromorphone hydrochloride can relieve the postoperative pain in elderly patients with THR, effectively alleviate the inflammatory reaction, reduce the plasma S-100β and NSE levels, and alleviate the cerebral injury, whose pathogenesis remains a further deep study.展开更多
α- and β-Ga2O3 were prepared via a precipitation method. The as-prepared α- and β-Ga2O3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-sorption BET surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), ph...α- and β-Ga2O3 were prepared via a precipitation method. The as-prepared α- and β-Ga2O3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-sorption BET surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and electron spin resonancespectroscopy (ESR). The photocatalytic activities of Ga2O3 were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline sydrochloride solution. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 was higher than that of α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 obtained at the calcination temperature of 900℃, which showed the best photocatalytic activity. The reasons for the differences in photocatalytic activity of Ga2O3 are discussed in terms of crystallinity, surface area, crystals and electronic structures.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 m...Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 mM)and benzydamine hydrochloride(7.5μM).The imflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro-(TNF-αand IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays.Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Results:Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6,as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells,thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation.The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride.Conclusions:Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.展开更多
The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the ...The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.展开更多
The new method proposed is based on the formation of hydralazine-Bromophenol blue ion pair simply and without further extraction or heating. The ion pair was prepared in the presence of pH 3 citrate buffer forming a y...The new method proposed is based on the formation of hydralazine-Bromophenol blue ion pair simply and without further extraction or heating. The ion pair was prepared in the presence of pH 3 citrate buffer forming a yellow-colored chromogen. A new maximum UV-visible band formed at 416 nm. The color was stable for more than 10 hours and obeyed Beer’s Law over the concentration range of 10 - 50 µg/mL. The calculated molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 1.01 × 104 L∙mol−1∙cm−1 and 0.0514 µg/mL, respectively. The elements of method validation stipulated by The International Conference on Harmonization [Q2 (R1)] were applied for hydralazine hydrochloride assay in pure and pharmaceutical tablet formulation. The average recoveries of the pure solution and the pharmaceutical formulation were 98.94% and 99.50%, respectively. The results were statistically compared by F-test, which indicates that the method can be precise and repeatable for both pure and pharmaceutical solutions. The method was found to be accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective, and validated for the assay of hydralazine in terms of the routine quality control.展开更多
Carbon-doped copper ferrite(C–CuFe_(2)O_(4))was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method,which showed enhanced tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)removal efficiency as compared to the pure CuFe_(2)O_(4) in Fe...Carbon-doped copper ferrite(C–CuFe_(2)O_(4))was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method,which showed enhanced tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)removal efficiency as compared to the pure CuFe_(2)O_(4) in Fenton-like reaction.A removal efficiency of 94%was achieved with 0.2 g L^(-1) catalyst and 20 mmol L^(-1) H_(2)O_(2) within 90 min.We demonstrated that 5%C–CuFe_(2)O_(4) catalyst in the presence of H_(2)O_(2) was significantly efficient for TCH degradation under the near-neutral pH(5–9)without buffer.Multiple techniques,including SEM,TEM,XRD,FTIR,Raman,XPS M€ossbauer and so on,were conducted to investigate the structures,morphologies and electronic properties of as-prepared samples.The introduction of carbon can effectively accelerate electron transfer by cooperating with Cu and Fe to activate H_(2)O_(2) to generate·OH and·O_(2)^(-).Particularly,theoretical calculations display that the p,p,d orbital hybridization of C,O,Cu and Fe can form C–O–Cu and C–O–Fe bonds,and the electrons on carbon can transfer to metal Cu and Fe along the C–O–Fe and C–O–Cu channels,thus forming electron-rich reactive centers around Fe and Cu.This work provides lightful reference for the modification of spinel ferrites in Fenton-like application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common,chronic,and recurrent mood disorder that has become a worldwide health hazard.Fluoxetine hydrochloride,a common treatment method,can inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)recycling in the ...BACKGROUND Depression is a common,chronic,and recurrent mood disorder that has become a worldwide health hazard.Fluoxetine hydrochloride,a common treatment method,can inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)recycling in the presynaptic membrane;however,the efficacy of a single drug is inadequate.At present,mildto-moderate depression can be treated with acupuncture of ghost caves,but the clinical curative effect of combined therapy with fluoxetine hydrochloride has not been sufficiently reported.AIM To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression.METHODS This retrospective study included 160 patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were admitted to Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2022 and June 2023.Patients were separated into a single-agent group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment,n=80)and a coalition group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment combined with acupuncture at ghost points,n=80).Pre-treatment symptoms were recorded,and the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions[Asberg Antidepressant Side Effects Scale(SERS)]were assessed.Depression before and after treatment[Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)-24],neurotransmitter levels[5-HT,norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)],oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and sleep quality[Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)]were compared.RESULTS The total efficacy rate was 97.50%in the coalition group and 86.25%in the single-agent group(P<0.05).After 2,4,6,and 8 wk of treatment,the HAMD,self-rating depression scale,and SERS scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased compared with pre-treatment,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).After 8 wk of treatment,the levels of NE,DA,5-HT,and SOD in the coalition and single-agent groups increased,while the levels of MDA decreased;the increases and decrease in the coalition group were more significant(P<0.05).The PSQI scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture at ghost points combined with paroxetine tablets can safely improve depressive symptoms and sleep disorders,regulate neurotransmitter levels,and reduce stress responses in patients with mild-to-moderate depression.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0...Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: ...Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A total of 60 cases of ADHD children admitted to our hospital between November 2021 and November 2022 were selected and randomly grouped into Group I and Group II. There were 30 cases in Group I who were treated with ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy. There were 30 cases in Group II who were treated with ATX monotherapy, and the therapeutic effects were compared. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the behavioral problem scores and cognitive function indexes of the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the behavioral problem scores of Group I were lower than those of Group II, and the cognitive function indicators of Group I were lower than those of Group II (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate of Group I was lower than that of Group II, and the total effective rate was higher than that of Group II (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy improved the behavioral problems of ADHD children, enhanced their cognitive function, and reduced the adverse reactions to drug treatment.展开更多
文摘Two commonly used growth promotants in the United States beef industry are <em>β</em>-agonists and anabolic steroid hormones. Each has been shown to increase lean muscle deposition in cattle provided treatments of each growth technology, but much is still unknown of how steroidal implants and <em>β</em>-agonists work in combination. It was our goal to determine the effect of implant strategy and <em>β</em>-agonist administration in beef feedlot heifers (n = 264). A 3 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design was used with 2 levels of OPT and 3 different durations of terminal implant (TI) windows for a total of 6 treatment groups with 9 replications. Terminal implants (20 mg estradiol/200 mg trenbolone acetate implant, Component TE-200) were provided to heifers 140 d from slaughter (TI140), 100 d from slaughter (TI100), or 60 d from slaughter (TI60). Animals receiving the later two TI being first implanted on day 0 (8 mg estradiol/80 mg trenbolone acetate implant, Component TE-IH). The second treatment of the cattle received was the orally active beta adrenergic agonist, ractopamine-hydrochloride (RH) in the form of Optaflexx<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>(OPT;0 (NO) or 200 (YES) mg/hd<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>d<sup>-1</sup>) over the final 28 days of the trial. Thirty animals were subjected to longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies on d 0, 40, 80, 112, and at slaughter on d 140 to view mRNA levels of myogenic related genes and protein quantities of the <em>β</em>1-adrenergic receptor (<em>β</em>1 AR) and <em>β</em>2-adrenergic receptor (<em>β</em>2 AR). On the same days, blood samples were taken from 108 animals to assess changes in plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and progesterone due to treatments. Relative mRNA levels of myosin heavy chain IIX (MHC IIX), AMPKα, and IGF-I were increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in animals receiving a TI100 over the other two implant dates after OPT was fed to animals. After OPT administration myosin heavy chain IIA (MHC IIA) mRNA levels tended to decrease (<em>P</em> = 0.09) due to OPT. An interaction between TI d and OPT administration caused an increase (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in MHC IIA mRNA level in the TI60/Yes treatment group over all other treatments except the TI100/No treatment group. Protein intensity of the <em>β</em>2 AR was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) by the latest TI d (TI60) during OPT feeding, while<em> β</em>1 AR protein intensity tended to be lower (<em>P</em> < 0.10) in animals fed OPT. Plasma BUN levels were reduced (<em>P</em> < 0.05) after terminal implants and OPT feeding;while progesterone was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) by OPT alone. Neither growth promotant affected NEFA levels in plasma. Collectively, these data indicate that ractopamine hydrochloride and estradiol + trenbolone acetate implants alter myogenic mRNA, <em>β</em>-adrenergic receptors, and blood metabolites in finishing beef heifers.
文摘A novel and effective BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3 composite catalyst was synthesized through a precipitation method. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the samples were certified by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterizations. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the synthesized BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3 composite catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH) under simulated sunlight. Furthermore, the TCH degradation rate of BiOCl0.9I0.1/15%β-Bi2O3 increased by 27.6% and 61.4% compared with those of the pure BiOCl0.9I0.1 and pure β-Bi2O3, respectively. Due to the multiple vacancies and valence states possessed by BiOCl0.9I0.1/x%β-Bi2O3, namely Bi5+, Bi(3-x)+, Bi5+–O, Bi3+–O, I- and I3-, the charge separation in photocatalysis reactions can be effectively promoted. The Mott-Schottky measurements indicate that the conduction band(CB) level of BiOCl0.9I0.1/15%β-Bi2O3 becomes more negative relative to that of BiOCl0.9I0.1, guaranteeing an advantageous effect on the redox ability of the photocatalyst. This study provides a new bright spot for the construction of high-performance photocatalysts.
文摘The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of zinc (Zn) in combination with zilpaterol HCL (ZH) affected the interaction of ZH with the beta2-adrenergic receptor (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i></i></span><i>β<span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></i>-AR) by altering cAMP production, gene expression, and protein abundance in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Cultures of muscle bovine satellite cells were established and treated at 120 h with: 1) 0 μM Zn/zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH;<strong>CON</strong>);2) 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH (<strong>ZH</strong>);3) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/0 μM ZH (<strong>Zn</strong>);4) 1 μM Zn from Zn chloride/10 μM ZH (<strong>ZN/ZH</strong>) in differentiation media for an additional 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. Protein and mRNA were isolated and quantified at 24 and 96 h, and cAMP was measured at 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 h. At 0, 24, 48 and 96 h, no differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in cAMP production. At 6 h, Zn cells had the greatest concentration of cAMP (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i></i></span><i>P<span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></i> < 0.05) compared to ZH treatments. No differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in mRNA abundance at 24 h. At 96 h, 0 μM Zn/10 μM ZH cells had an increased abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I mRNA (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> < 0.05) compared to CON. Furthermore, ZH had a greater abundance of MHC-IIX mRNA (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> < 0.05) and a tendency for a greater abundance of IGF-1 mRNA (<span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> < 0.15) compared to CON and ZN/ZH. No differences (<i><span style="white-space:normal;">P</span></i> > 0.05) were detected in the protein abundance of <i><span style="white-space:normal;">β</span></i>1AR and the <i><span style="white-space:normal;">β</span></i>2AR. These results indicated Zn and ZH in combination did not have an additive effect on<em> β</em>2-AR function as indicated by cAMP concentrations.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of hydromorphone hydrochloride postoperative analgesia on the inflammatory cytokines, S-100β, and NSE in elderly patients after total hip replacement (THR).Methods: A total of 100 patients who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2015 to July, 2016 for THR were included in the study and randomized into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each group. After operation, the patients in the two groups were immediately given patient-controlled analgesia. The patients in the observation group were given hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.3 mg) + dexamethasone (5 mg) + normal saline (100 mL), while the patients in the control group were given sufentanil (150 μg) + dexamethasone (5 mg) + normal saline (100 mL). The morning fasting peripheral venous blood before operation, 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups was collected. ELISA was used to detect the serum CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the plasma S-100β and NSE levels.Results:The serum CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups were significantly elevated when compared with before operation, and were reduced 3d after operation. CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels at each timing point after operation in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The plasma S-100βand NSE levels 24 h and 3 d after operation in the two groups were significantly elevated when compared with before operation, and were reduced 3 d after operation. The plasma S-100β and NSE levels at each timing point after operation in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions:Hydromorphone hydrochloride can relieve the postoperative pain in elderly patients with THR, effectively alleviate the inflammatory reaction, reduce the plasma S-100β and NSE levels, and alleviate the cerebral injury, whose pathogenesis remains a further deep study.
基金supported by the Funds of Department of Education of Fujian province(No.JA14199)
文摘α- and β-Ga2O3 were prepared via a precipitation method. The as-prepared α- and β-Ga2O3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-sorption BET surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and electron spin resonancespectroscopy (ESR). The photocatalytic activities of Ga2O3 were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline sydrochloride solution. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 was higher than that of α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 obtained at the calcination temperature of 900℃, which showed the best photocatalytic activity. The reasons for the differences in photocatalytic activity of Ga2O3 are discussed in terms of crystallinity, surface area, crystals and electronic structures.
基金supported by Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),the Government of India agency research grant(F.N.5/9/1328/2020-Nut).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 mM)and benzydamine hydrochloride(7.5μM).The imflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro-(TNF-αand IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays.Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Results:Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6,as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells,thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation.The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride.Conclusions:Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.
基金supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00226).
文摘The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.
文摘The new method proposed is based on the formation of hydralazine-Bromophenol blue ion pair simply and without further extraction or heating. The ion pair was prepared in the presence of pH 3 citrate buffer forming a yellow-colored chromogen. A new maximum UV-visible band formed at 416 nm. The color was stable for more than 10 hours and obeyed Beer’s Law over the concentration range of 10 - 50 µg/mL. The calculated molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 1.01 × 104 L∙mol−1∙cm−1 and 0.0514 µg/mL, respectively. The elements of method validation stipulated by The International Conference on Harmonization [Q2 (R1)] were applied for hydralazine hydrochloride assay in pure and pharmaceutical tablet formulation. The average recoveries of the pure solution and the pharmaceutical formulation were 98.94% and 99.50%, respectively. The results were statistically compared by F-test, which indicates that the method can be precise and repeatable for both pure and pharmaceutical solutions. The method was found to be accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective, and validated for the assay of hydralazine in terms of the routine quality control.
基金supported by the Program for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52070077,51879101,51779090)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals of China(2014)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-13R17)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ20013,2021JJ40098).
文摘Carbon-doped copper ferrite(C–CuFe_(2)O_(4))was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method,which showed enhanced tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)removal efficiency as compared to the pure CuFe_(2)O_(4) in Fenton-like reaction.A removal efficiency of 94%was achieved with 0.2 g L^(-1) catalyst and 20 mmol L^(-1) H_(2)O_(2) within 90 min.We demonstrated that 5%C–CuFe_(2)O_(4) catalyst in the presence of H_(2)O_(2) was significantly efficient for TCH degradation under the near-neutral pH(5–9)without buffer.Multiple techniques,including SEM,TEM,XRD,FTIR,Raman,XPS M€ossbauer and so on,were conducted to investigate the structures,morphologies and electronic properties of as-prepared samples.The introduction of carbon can effectively accelerate electron transfer by cooperating with Cu and Fe to activate H_(2)O_(2) to generate·OH and·O_(2)^(-).Particularly,theoretical calculations display that the p,p,d orbital hybridization of C,O,Cu and Fe can form C–O–Cu and C–O–Fe bonds,and the electrons on carbon can transfer to metal Cu and Fe along the C–O–Fe and C–O–Cu channels,thus forming electron-rich reactive centers around Fe and Cu.This work provides lightful reference for the modification of spinel ferrites in Fenton-like application.
基金Supported by the General Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission on Medical Innovation Research,No.21Y11923500the Second Round of the“National Medical Strong and Excellent”Three-Year Action Plan(2022-2024)of the Hongkou District of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Schools and Characteristic Technology Inheritance Support Construction Project,No.HKGYQYXM-2022-17the Shanghai Culture and Tourism Bureau.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common,chronic,and recurrent mood disorder that has become a worldwide health hazard.Fluoxetine hydrochloride,a common treatment method,can inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)recycling in the presynaptic membrane;however,the efficacy of a single drug is inadequate.At present,mildto-moderate depression can be treated with acupuncture of ghost caves,but the clinical curative effect of combined therapy with fluoxetine hydrochloride has not been sufficiently reported.AIM To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression.METHODS This retrospective study included 160 patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were admitted to Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2022 and June 2023.Patients were separated into a single-agent group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment,n=80)and a coalition group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment combined with acupuncture at ghost points,n=80).Pre-treatment symptoms were recorded,and the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions[Asberg Antidepressant Side Effects Scale(SERS)]were assessed.Depression before and after treatment[Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)-24],neurotransmitter levels[5-HT,norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)],oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and sleep quality[Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)]were compared.RESULTS The total efficacy rate was 97.50%in the coalition group and 86.25%in the single-agent group(P<0.05).After 2,4,6,and 8 wk of treatment,the HAMD,self-rating depression scale,and SERS scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased compared with pre-treatment,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).After 8 wk of treatment,the levels of NE,DA,5-HT,and SOD in the coalition and single-agent groups increased,while the levels of MDA decreased;the increases and decrease in the coalition group were more significant(P<0.05).The PSQI scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture at ghost points combined with paroxetine tablets can safely improve depressive symptoms and sleep disorders,regulate neurotransmitter levels,and reduce stress responses in patients with mild-to-moderate depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204360(to HM)and 82270411(to GW)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program,No.2021ZD0200900(to YL)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A total of 60 cases of ADHD children admitted to our hospital between November 2021 and November 2022 were selected and randomly grouped into Group I and Group II. There were 30 cases in Group I who were treated with ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy. There were 30 cases in Group II who were treated with ATX monotherapy, and the therapeutic effects were compared. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the behavioral problem scores and cognitive function indexes of the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the behavioral problem scores of Group I were lower than those of Group II, and the cognitive function indicators of Group I were lower than those of Group II (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate of Group I was lower than that of Group II, and the total effective rate was higher than that of Group II (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy improved the behavioral problems of ADHD children, enhanced their cognitive function, and reduced the adverse reactions to drug treatment.