Ischemia Modified Albumin and C-Reactive Protein in Children with β-Thalassemia Major

Background: Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemoglobin (Hb) β-globin synthesis, leading to excess α-globin chains that cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is not a signal protein and not generated in pro-inflammatory state alone but rather an end product of oxidative stress. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with β-thalassemia major and its relation to different iron chelators. Patients and Methods: The study was carried on 40 children diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major recruited from the outpatient clinic and the pediatric department, at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University and EL Minia Insurance Hospital. They were 20 male and 20 female, aged from 4 - 11 years. Another 40 apparently healthy children age and sex matched as control group. CRP and IMA were determined for all participants. Results: There were significant increases in serum CRP, IMA and ferritin levels in patients group compared to control group. There were significant decreases of IMA and CRP levels of thalassemic patients on chelation deferiprone (DFP) compared to deferasirox (DFX) P-value (<0.01) for each. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and both CRP and IMA levels in thalassemic children (r = 0.40, p < 0.01), (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IMA and CRP in beta-thalassemic patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). Conclusion: IMA, CRP and Serum ferritin were higher in children with β-thalassemia major than controls. Moreover, IMA and CRP levels in thalassemic children on deferiprone (DFP) were significantly lower compared with children on deferasirox (DFX). So it could be considered as useful markers in the follow up assessment of thalassemic patients for early detection of complications.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with β-thalassemia major: multicenter experience in China

Backgroundβ-Thalassemia major (β-TM) has become a public health problem in China's Mainland. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has remained the only cure forβ-TM in China's Mainland since 1998. Methods This multicenter retrospective study provides a comprehensive review of the outcomes of 50 pediatric patients withβ-TM who received HSCT between 1998 and 2009 at five centers in China's Mainland. Both related (n = 35) and unrelated donors (n = 15) with complete human leukocyte antigen matches were included. The stem cell sources included bone mar-row (BM), peripheral blood stem cells, umbilical cord blood (UCB) and a combination of BM and UCB or a combination of BM and peripheral blood stem cells from a single sibling donor. Results The probabilities of 5-year overall survival (OS) and thalassemia-free survival (TFS) after the first HSCT were 83.1 and 67.3%, respectively. Graft failure (GF) occurred in 17 patients. Univariate analyses showed that umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) was one of the potential risk factors for decreased OS (P = 0.051), and that UCBT (P = 0.002) was potentially related to TFS. GF incidence was distinct between the UCBT and non-UCBT groups (P = 0.004). Four cases of UCB-BM combined transplantation led to decreased risks of mortality and recurrence. In the UCBT group, related donor transplantation produced more favorable results than unrelated donor transplantation in OS (P = 0.009) but not in TFS (P = 0.217). Conclusions GF was the primary cause of UCBT failure. Though UCBT from related donors was not favorable, the combined transplantation of UCB and BM could improve the prognosis of UCBT.

Changes in IncRNAs and related genes in β-thalassemia minor and β-thalassemia major

β-thalassemia is caused by β-globin gene mutations. However, heterogeneous phenotypes were found in individuals with same genotype, and still undescribed mechanism underlies such variation. We collected blood samples from 30 β-thalassemia major, 30 β-thalassemia minor patients, and 30 matched normal controls. Human lncRNA Array v2.0 （8 × 60 K, Arraystar） was used to detect changes in long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） and mRNAs in three samples each from β-thalassemia major, β-thalassemia minor, and control groups. Compared with normal controls, 1424 and 2045 lncRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively, in β-thalassemia major patients, whereas 623 and 349 lncRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively, in β-thalassemia minor patients. Compared with β-thalassemia minor group, 1367 and 2356 lncRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively, in β-thalassemia major group. We selected five lncRNAs that displayed altered expressions （DQ583499, X-inactive specific transcript （Xist）, IincRNA-TPM1, MRFS16P, and lincRNA-RUNX2-2） and confirmed their expression levels in all samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Based on coding-non-coding gene co-expression network and gene ontology biological process analyses, several signaling pathways were associated with three common organ systems exhibiting β-thalassemia phenotypes： hematologic, skeletal, and hepatic systems. This study implicates that abnormal expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNA in β-thalassemia cases may be correlated with its various clinical phenotypes.

Amelioration of β^(654)-thalassemia in mouse model with the knockdown of aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA

Large amounts of aberrantly spliced mRNA from the β^654 allele was present in erythroid cells, which might impair the erythropoiesis. A therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia was explored by knocking down the aberrantly spliced mRNA of β-globin. Lentiviral vector with siRNA fragment targets on the specific portion of β^654-globin aberrantly spliced pre-mRNA was constructed. In HeLa β^654 cells, the siRNA vector could reduce approximately 60% of aberrantly spliced mRNA, which was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a disease model of β^654 thalassemia mice with lentiviral-mediated siRNA was produced by subzonal injection （named Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice）. Our results showed that the hemotological parameters were improved in Hβi-Hbb^th-4/Hbb^＋ transgenic mice. This study provides a potential way for β^654-thalassemia therapy by knocking down the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA, whilst supporting that the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA may aggravate the disease.

Detection of rare mutation of β-thalassemia by direct sequence analysis of the PCR products

A technique of direct sequence analysis of β-globin gene with the products of amplifi-cation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was reported and a case of β-thalassemia with therare mutation in Chinese,‘codon 14/15 (+G)’ was detected by this method.After the se-quence of the mutation site was determined,an analysis of the restriction map of the gene anddot blot hybridization with radioactive allele specific oligonucleotide probe was designed to con-firm the result of DNA sequencing.

A rapid reverse dot blot assay for all 18 β-thalassemia mutations in Chinese population

A set of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting all 18 β-tha-lassemia mutations found in Chinese was immobilized on two strips of Biodyne C membrane;one containing 7 pairs of oligonucleotide probes specific for the most commonly found mutant al-leles,and the other containing the remaining 11 pairs of ASO_s specific for the less commonlyfound.The membranes were hybridized with β-globin sequences amplified by polymerase chainreaction (PCR) with biotinylated primers,and then treated with Streptavidin-POD conjugateand substrates for color development.The method has been applied successfully to the detectionof all 18 Chinese β-thalassemia mutations and prenatal diagnosis of two high-risk pregnancies ofβ-thalassemia.Patients with homozygous,heterozygous and compound heterozygous alleles ofthese mutations and normal individuals could be easily distinguished by the present method.Us-ing the immobilized-probe format (reverse dot blot),it was able to screen simultaneously multi-ple β-thalassemia mutations of a DNA sample by performing hybridization only once.This assayis simple,rapid and independent of radio-isotopes and can be appplied for all 18 β-thalassemiamutations so far found in Chinese population.It is considered that this method may be usefulfor gene frequency investigation of large numbers of β-thalassemia DNA samples and used as aroutine method in the clinic laboratory.

Direct antiglobulin test-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient withβ-thalassemia minor during pregnancy:A case report

BACKGROUND Severe refractory anemia during pregnancy can cause serious maternal and fetal complications.If the cause cannot be identified in time and accurately,blind symptomatic support treatment may cause serious economic burden.Thalassemia minor pregnancy is commonly considered uneventful,and the condition of anemia rarely progresses during pregnancy.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA)is rare during pregnancy with no exact incidence available.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 30-year-oldβ-thalassemia minor multiparous patient experiencing severe refractory anemia throughout pregnancy.We monitored the patient closely,carried out a full differential diagnosis,made a diagnosis of direct antiglobulin test-negative AIHA,and treated her with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin.The patient gave birth to a healthy full-term baby.CONCLUSION Coombs-negative AIHA should be suspected in cases of severe hemolytic anemia in pregnant patients with and without other hematological diseases.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia:Two case report

BACKGROUND BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages and by mutually exclusive JAK2 V617F,CALR,and MPL[A1]mutations.The combination of MPN and thalassemia is extremely unusual.Several cases with myeloproliferative neoplasms andβ-thalassemia have been reported.However,these have not been extensively reviewed.The present report describes two cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia and reviews all similar cases reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report two patients who were diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.Both patients had abnormal increases in platelet counts.Based on bone marrow pathology and molecular biology assessment,we made the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia.The female patient was given hydroxyurea and interferon,which enabled good control of her blood counts;the male patient was given ruxolitinib tablets,thalidomide tablets,and interferon to control the condition,but the patient poorly responded to drug treatment and died of gastrointestinal bleeding six months later.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,we hypothesize that myeloproliferative neoplasms complicated withβ-thalassemia can lead to rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Chelating Agent Deferoxamine for <i>β</i>-Thalassemia Major Patients

Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to prevent or decrease the risk associated with the toxic effects of medication. This study aims to evaluate the potential advantages of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of subcutaneous Deferoxamine injection and prevention of clinical problems in β-thalassaemia major patients. Patients & Methods: Fifty-four thalassemia patients were allocated into two groups;missing, and not missing deferoxamine dose. TDM of Deferoxamine injection and it clinical outcomes was critically studied under the following subheadings: assessment of the adequacy of Deferoxamine usage, serum peak and trough concentrations of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine with needed pharmacokinetics, cardiac parameters and biomarkers, biochemical and hematological indices, adverse effects/toxicity, urinary assessment of Fe, Zn, selenium, and copper levels, compliance to treatment, dose adjustment in correlation to therapeutic index and life style. Results: Demographic data showed no significant difference. Peak plasma concentrations were 144.83±69 and 43.54±39.16 μg/L, while trough concentrations were 33±26.32 and 31.13±21.58 μg/L of Deferoxamine and ferroxamine, respectively. The elimination rate constant was 0.0237±0.00029 min-1, half-life was 34 min, and distribution volume was 0.93±0.078. Although cardiac parameters showed no significant differences, there were significant differences in CK-MB, and hsCRP levels;troponin I value could not be detected. Biochemical and hematological studies showed significant differences in Ferritin B, urea, SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin and serum calcium. Assessment of adverse effects/toxicity showed significant differences. The correlation of serum ferritin to therapeutic index, and the life style including Vitamin C and/or E administration were assessed for the compliance to treatment. Conclusion: Therapeutic monitoring of chelation therapy by Deferoxamine in β-thalassemia patients is necessary to ensure effective treatment, compliance, and to avoid adverse side effects and toxicity.

Determination of Iron（Ⅱ）, Iron（Ⅲ） and Total Iron in Some β -Thalassemia Patients Using Different Analytical Techniques

There are many well-known analytical methods for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ）. Among these methods： Gravimetric, titrimetric, potentiometric, conductometric and batch and flow-injection spectrophotometric methods. In present study, two batch spectrophotometric, atomic absorption spectrometric and biolabo kit methods have been used for determination of iron（Ⅱ）, iron（Ⅲ） and total iron. The present methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost reagent, low operation cost, simplicity, speed and their applications for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ） in some serum samples of normal human and fl-thalasemia patients in Erbil city. For the first time especially in Erbil city attempts were made to use zero, first and second derivative spectra to identify the serum samples of some β-thallasemia patients from the normal human serum samples due to the appearance and resolution of peaks in both cases.

Co-Inheritance of Beta &Delta-Globin Gene (HbYialousa) Mutations in an Iranian <i>β</i>-Thalassemia Carrier

Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is characterized by absence or reduced synthesis of the β-globin. Carriers of β-thalas- semia, typically have microcytic hypochromic anemia and elevated hemoglobin HbA2 and normal HbF level. On the other hand carriers of severe alpha-thalassemia also have similar CBC parameters to that of β-thalassemia with normal HbA2 level. Co-presence of mutations in the β-globin and delta-globin genes (point mutations or deletions) usually give normal HbA2 and elevated HbF level. We report a β-thal carrier with normal level of HbA2 and increased level of HbF who had a point mutation in CD39 on the beta-globin gene and a point mutation in CD27 on the δ-globin gene named Hb-Yialousa. Materials & Methods: An individual with low hematological indices, normal HbA2 and elevated HbF was referred to our center as routine premarital screening program. Mutations in the β-globin and δ-globin genes were screened using ARMS and sequencing methods. Results: The mutation in β- and δ-globin genes were identified as CD39 and CD27 (HbYialousa) respectively. No point mutation or deletion in α-globin gene was identified. Discussion: We showed that normal HBA2 with elevated HbF level is due to co-inheritance of delta-globin gene mutation with mutation in the β-globin gene. When screening for β-thalassemia, one has to either rule out presence of α-globin gene mutation of mutation in the delta-globin gene.

Impact of Ferritin Load on Gonadal Reserve among Regular Transfused β-Thalassemia

Background: Iron overload in association with persistent anemia is responsible for endocrine dysfunction in β-thalassemia patients, blood transfusion combined with iron-chelation can modify life quality in these children, but they tend to suffer from delayed maturity and endocrine dysfunction. Aim: This study aims to correlate degree of hypogonadism to ferritin load in regular transfused β-thalassemia patients. Methods: It was carried out on 30 β-thalassemia major (TM) patients aged 12 to 18 years, puberty was assessed clinically, blood picture on Cell-Dyne 2700, ferritin level and pattern of FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol before and after gonadotropin (GnRH) analogue stimulation test, they were determined on ARCHITECT ABBOTT system. Results: Twenty patients had not yet achieved puberty, FSH level was 1.45 ± 1.88 mIU/ml before (GnRH) analogue and 3.78 ± 4.19 mIU/ml after 4 hours of injection. LH level was 1.91 ± 4.79 mIU/ml before (GnRH) test, while after 4 hours it was 6.52 ± 7.50 mIU/ml, 88.24% of males had low serum testosterone level, 84.6% of girls had low serum estradiol level, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone before and after GNRH analogue were statistically insignificant, mean ferritin level was 3344.32 ± 1142.142 ng/ml, with insignificant correlation to hormonal pattern before and after GnRH therapy. Conclusion: Iron overload and hypogonadism are the presenting data in this study, insignificant correlation between ferritin level and hormonal reserve pattern, there may be another etiology in pathophysiology of low gonadal reserve such as severe anemia, chronic disease and may be genetic predisposition underlying susceptibility to iron toxicity, which need further investigations.

构建重型β地中海贫血患者移植后出现巨细胞病毒感染风险的预测模型

目的:构建列线图预测模型以预测重型β地中海贫血患者移植后出现巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的风险,评估模型的预测价值。方法:收集2020年7月至2022年6月在广西医科大学第一附属医院血液内科接受造血干细胞移植的重型β地中海贫血患者的临床资料,以出现CMV感染为结局分为感染组和未感染组,通过独立样本t检验、非参数检验、卡方检验、LASSO回归方法确定纳入列线图模型的预测指标。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、校准曲线、C指数和决策曲线分析评估和验证模型的价值,并通过Bootstrap方法进行内部验证。结果:年龄、HLA配型、环孢素A、血清铁蛋白、CD34、急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHP)是构建重型β地中海贫血移植后出现CMV感染的列线图模型的预测指标。列线图的C指数为0.682(95%CI:61.0%~75.4%),内部验证的C指数为0.644,ROC曲线下面积0.682,决策曲线分析结果为0.09~0.83。结论:首次构建以年龄、HLA配型、环孢素A、血清铁蛋白、CD34、急性移植物抗宿主病为评分依据的列线图预测模型,该模型预测重型β地中海贫血患者移植后出现CMV感染风险的效果良好,有利于优化患者的临床诊疗,更好地提高患者的生活质量。

重型β地中海贫血患儿移植前后肠道菌群变化研究

目的了解重型β地中海贫血(β-TM)患儿造血干细胞移植前后不同阶段肠道菌群改变及其影响因素。方法选择2019年11月至2020年6月在血液肿瘤科行造血干细胞移植的确诊β-TM的患儿作为研究对象。收集移植启动前期(A组)、清洁肠道期(B组)、预处理期(C组)、干细胞输注期(D组)及移植后细胞植入期(E组)的粪便样本。利用16SrDNA基因V4区域的Illumina HiSeq测序系统测序粪便样本。结果纳入37例β-TM患儿,男27例、女10例,中位年龄7.5(3.0~17.3)岁。最终纳入分析共96份样本,A组28份、B组17份、C组18份、D组21份、E组12份。A组和B组肠道菌群构成占比前两位为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门,C、D、E组菌群占比前两位为变形菌门及拟杆菌门。5组之间厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、梭菌门、放线菌门、疣状菌门、蓝菌门的丰度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。利用Chao指数比较移植不同时期肠道菌群Alpha丰度。A组Chao指数为225.9(182.0~260.5),B组为234.6(193.0~311.3),C组为127.6(81.1~180.0),D组为96.8(71.1~139.9),E组为122.7(97.5~142.7),5组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。利用Shannon指数预测移肠道菌群Alpha多样性。A组Shannon指数为2.9(2.4~3.3),B组为2.2(1.6~2.9)、C组为1.4(1.2~2.0)、D组为2.0(1.4~2.3)、E组为0.9(0.6~2.2),5组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。万古霉素、亚胺培南-西司他丁以及其他类型广谱抗菌药物三组之间肠道菌群丰度与多样性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论造血干细胞移植术对β-TM患儿肠道菌群的组成有较大影响;清洁肠道方案对肠道菌群的丰度影响不大;肠道菌群丰度及多样性在移植后早期不能恢复重建;在造血干细胞移植过程中暂无法依据肠道菌群来优化选择抗生素种类。

重型β地中海贫血儿童异基因造血干细胞移植后并发出血性膀胱炎的危险因素分析

目的探讨重型β地中海贫血(β-thalassemia major,TM)患儿异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)后并发出血性膀胱炎(hemorrhagic cystitis,HC)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2021年1月-2022年11月在深圳市儿童医院进行allo-HSCT的247例TM患儿的临床资料,以术后是否并发HC,分为HC组(91例)和非HC组(156例),采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨HC发生的危险因素,并采用受试者操作特征曲线分析相关因素预测HC的效能。结果247例allo-HSCT TM患儿中,HC发生率为36.8%(91/247)。单因素分析显示,年龄、供受者血型不一致、发生急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft-versus-host disease,aGVHD)、尿BK病毒核酸(BK virus deoxyribonucleic acid,BKV-DNA)阳性和≥2种病毒感染与患儿allo-HSCT后并发HC有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,供受者血型不一致(OR=3.171,95%CI:1.538~6.539)、发生aGVHD(OR=2.581,95%CI:1.125~5.918)和尿BKV-DNA阳性(OR=21.878,95%CI:9.633~49.687)是allo-HSCT TM患儿并发HC的独立危险因素。受试者操作特征曲线分析显示,单一尿BKV-DNA阳性或联合其他2种危险因素(发生aGVHD、供受者血型不一致)预测allo-HSCT后并发HC具有一定的准确性(曲线下面积>0.8,P<0.05)。结论供受者血型不一致、发生aGVHD和尿BKV-DNA阳性是TM患儿allo-HSCT后并发HC的独立危险因素,定期监测尿BKV-DNA对HC的早期诊断及治疗具有积极意义。

压力-应变环评价重型β地中海贫血患儿左室功能

目的应用压力-应变环(PSL)技术定量检测重型β地中海贫血(β-TM)患儿不同铁负荷的左室收缩功能,评价铁过载(IO)对心功能的影响。方法应用PSL技术定量检测192例β-TM患儿左室功能,分为大龄组与小龄组;以心脏MRI T2*评价心肌铁负荷为标准,分为铁过载组(IO组)与非铁过载组(非IO组);根据是否进行造血干细胞移植,分为移植组与未移植组;取同期体表面积相匹配的63例健康儿童为对照组。比较各组间超声心动图心肌做功指标包括GLS、GWI、GCW、GWW及GWE。结果192例β-TM患儿中男107例,女85例,中位年龄9.1(7.2,11.0)岁,年龄范围4.8岁-18岁。其中,心脏MRI T2*铁过载42例(21.8%)。①全部β-TM组患儿的GLS、GWI、GCW及GWE均减小于对照组(均P<0.05);②在小龄组患儿中,PSL结果在IO患儿与非IO患儿之间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);③在大龄组患儿中,大龄IO患儿的GLS、GWI、GCW和GWW结果较同组非IO患儿减低,其中GWI、GCW差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);④移植组与未移植者比较,PSL结果中仅有GWW减小(P<0.05)。结论β-TM患儿左室的压力-应变功能较正常儿童明显下降,患儿年龄越大者,心功能损伤越明显;移植后儿童期PSL功能损伤仍然存在。

重型β-地中海贫血患儿治疗后心肝脾超声影像指标分析

目的探讨规范化输血和祛铁治疗对重型β-地中海贫血(TM)患儿肝脏、脾脏和心脏超声影像指标的影响。方法选取2020年7月—2021年8月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二三医院检查的136例广西籍TM患儿,男性78例,女性58例,平均年龄(10.5±6.0)岁。以PHILIPS IU22行肝脾超声检查,分别测量肝脏和脾脏大小,以PHILIPS IU33行心脏超声检查,测量左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)等指标,检测血清铁蛋白和血红蛋白浓度,获取输血和祛铁治疗信息,按TM诊疗指南标准分组。结果规范输血和祛铁治疗的TM患者心肝脾超声影像指标明显好于非规范化治疗的患者(P<0.05),且非规范输血治疗的患者LVEF显著降低(P<0.05)。结论规范输血和祛铁治疗的患者肝、脾、心超声影像指标显著优于非规范治疗或部分规范治疗的患者。

造血干细胞移植治疗重型β-地中海贫血合并难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血一例报告并文献复习

目的探讨造血干细胞移植治疗重型β-地中海贫血合并难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血治疗效果。方法回顾2020年12月28日贵州省儿童医院1例重型β-地中海贫血(β41-42纯合突变)合并难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血患儿行亲缘性HLA全相合造血干细胞移植的案例,分析其临床特征,并通过检索“难治性自身免疫性溶血/refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia”、“造血干细胞移植/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation”为关键词检索维普数据库、万方数据库、中国知网数据库及PubMed、Web of Science数据库自建库至2022年6月收录的文献,分析治疗效果。结果8岁女患,7年前因面色苍白起病,就诊于海南某三甲医院完善地贫基因,提示β41-42纯合突变,明确诊断重型β-地中海贫血;2年前患儿因反复出现皮肤巩膜黄染、浓茶色尿,查血红蛋白最低至22 g/L,网织红细胞6.3%,直接抗人球蛋白实验阳性,故诊断自身免疫性溶血性贫血。2020年12月28日,经家属知情同意后,行亲缘性HLA全相合造血干细胞移植(HSCs),供者为其同胞哥哥。患儿HLA-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类混合抗体强阳性,本次入院前已予血浆置换清除抗体治疗。移植预处理方案:氟达拉滨、白消安、环磷酰胺及抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白;预防移植物抗宿主病方案:环孢素、甲氨蝶呤及吗替麦考酚酯,排除造血干细胞移植禁忌;经右侧颈内静脉输注供者外周血干细胞(MNC 6.19×10^(8)/kg,CD34^(+)6.85×10^(6)/kg)输注,14 d后患儿造血及免疫功能重建。外送嵌合检查提示:外周血中供者细胞占比99.55%;移植后随访患儿血常规未见异常,脱离输血。结论异基因造血干细胞移植可以同时治愈儿童重型地中海贫血和合并的难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血。

磁共振成像(T2~*)检测重型地中海贫血患者心脏、肝脏铁负荷及其临床意义

目的联合血清铁蛋白、心脏及肝脏磁共振T2-sta(rT2*)评估重型β-地中海贫血(β-TM)患者的心脏、肝脏铁超负荷的临床意义。方法南方医科大学南方医院输血+去铁治疗的β-TM中选择28例≥10岁,血清铁蛋白>1000μg/L的患儿,2010-2011年分批赴香港进行心脏T2*、肝脏T2*检测,检测结果分别与年龄、血清铁蛋白、左心室射血分数(LVEF)进行比较。结果 14例(50%)发生心肌铁超负荷,其中心脏T2*<10 ms(重度)7例,10-14 ms(中度)2例,15-20 ms(轻度)5例;肝脏铁过载28例(100%),其中2.7-6.3 ms(轻度)2例,1.4-2.7 ms(中度)7例,<1.4 ms(重度)19例;发生LVEF下降共2例(7.14%),其中1例患者重度心肌铁超负荷;肝脏T2*与心脏T2*呈正相关(r=0.378,P=0.047),心脏T2*与血清铁蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.479,P=0.01),年龄与血清铁蛋白、LVEF、心脏T2*、肝脏T2*均不相关。结论磁共振成像(T2*)是检测β-TM患者输血所致心脏、肝脏铁超负荷的有效、无创的手段,联合血清铁蛋白可作为评估机体重要脏器铁过载的主要诊断指标。

重型β地中海贫血患者输注保存不同时间红细胞后血红蛋白浓度的变化

目的探讨重型β地中海贫血(TM)患者输注红细胞的疗效及红细胞保存时间对TM输血效果的影响。方法将采集后6-8 h完成白细胞过滤、血细胞比容(Hct)45%-47%、常规检测合格的血液52(人)份(400 m L/份),各自等分成2份1 U的少白红细胞(少白RBC)备用;给按研究标准纳入的52名TM患者分别输注采自同一献血者储存至d3(新鲜血)和d17(陈旧血)的少白RBC各1 U(200 m L/U),并在输血前、输血后24 h和输血后d14分别做血细胞分析。结果本组52例TM中,除10例脱落外,有42例完成研究,其血清铁蛋白(SF)为125 1.00-7406.07(中位值343 4.6)ng/m L,其中重度铁过载28例,肝大16例,脾大38例。5次检测Hb(g/L)依次为80.9+16.1、100.7+14.5、83.4+12.8、100.9+12.2和82.1+12.6。TM患者输新鲜血和陈旧血后每10 kg体重Hb(g/L)分别提升33.0+8.5和29.4+10.0(P<0.05),输血后d14 Hb(g/L)分别下降30.4+14.3和32.1+11.6(P>0.05)。新鲜血输注后Hb降低量与SF和重度铁过载呈正相关关系;陈旧血输注后Hb降低量与肝大呈正相关关系。结论铁超载、肝脏增大影响TM患者输血的效果。保存时间短的红细胞(新鲜血)提升Hb的幅度大于保存时间长的红细胞(陈旧血)。