3-Turns教学法在实践共同体促进深度学习中的应用

在电气工程专业实践教学过程中凝练出由Turn up、Turn away、Turn back等环节组成的3-Turns教学法。经过多轮的实践应用,3-Turns教学法在实践共同体中提供了一个兼具解释性与可操作性的教学样例。研究发现,3-Turns教学法对实践共同体促进工科生深度学习起到了提质增效的作用;3-Turns教学法为工程实践学习情境的强化设计提供了理论依据与经验支持。该研究验证了基于3-Turns教学法的实践共同体促进工科生深度学习的有效性,为助力工科人才培养质量的持续提升做出了积极的探索与实践。

Double enzyme mimetic activities of multifunctional Ag nanoparticle-decorated Co_(3)V_(2)O_(8)hollow hexagonal prismatic pencils for application in colorimetric sensors and disinfection

Since the catalytic activity of most nanozymes is still far lower than the corresponding natural enzymes,there is urgent need to discover novel highly efficient enzyme-like materials.In this work,Co_(3)V_(2)O_(8)with hollow hexagonal prismatic pencil structures were prepared as novel artificial enzyme mimics.They were then decorated by photo-depositing Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)on the surface to further improve its catalytic activities.The Ag NPs decorated Co_(3)V_(2)O_(8)(ACVPs)showed both excellent oxidase-and peroxidase-like catalytic activities.They can oxidize the colorless 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine rapidly to induce a blue change.The enhanced enzyme mimetic activities can be attributed to the surface plasma resonance(SPR)effect of Ag NPs as well as the synergistic catalytic effect between Ag NPs and Co_(3)V_(2)O_(8),accelerating electron transfer and promoting the catalytic process.ACVPs were applied in constructing a colorimetric sensor,validating the occurrence of the Fenton reaction,and disinfection,presenting favorable catalytic performance.The enzyme-like catalytic mechanism was studied,indicating the chief role of⋅O_(2)-radicals in the catalytic process.This work not only discovers a novel functional material with double enzyme mimetic activity but also provides a new insight into exploiting artificial enzyme mimics with highly efficient catalytic ability.

Efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics for neural regeneration

Glucagon-like peptide 1（GLP-1）is secreted from enteroendocrine L cells in response to nutrient ingestion and exhibits insulinotropic properties by stimulating specific G protein-linked receptors（GLP-1Rs）on pancreaticβcells.Several GLP-1 mimetics,such as exenatide（exendin-4（Ex-4））,liraglutide,and lixisenatide,have been developed and approved as treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes.These peptides show bioactiv-ities almost identical to those of GLP- 1 and have a substantially longer plasma half-life than GLP-1 because of their resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4, a GLP-1 degrading enzyme.

Application of Renneted Skim Milk as a Fat Mimetics in Nonfat Yoghurt

For a long time, fermented dairy products have been consumed for human’s nutrition and health. Recently, consumption of whole dairy products, such as full fat yoghurt, has declined due to the awareness of probable harmful effects of fat on consumers’ health, resulting change of market interest in favor of low or non fat dairy products. It is a challenge for food scientists to produce a suitable fat substitute providing the functionality of the missing fat. The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of 0 to 50% renneted skim milk (RSM) as a fat mimetic upon the physico-chemical, physical, rheological and sensory characteristics of nonfat yoghurt in comparison to control samples (full fat and skim yoghurt). By increasing RSM content, the chemical characteristics (titratable acidity, pH as well as the content of fat and total protein) of yoghurts did not alter except decrease of total solid in sample with 50% RSM. The yoghurts with more content of RSM exhibited higher b*and a* values, while the highest L* value, viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC), firmness and lowest syneresis were found in sample containing 30% RSM. It seems that new interaction in gel network of yoghurts containing RSM, exhibited greater ability to bind water than control skim yoghurt. In addition, probably new bridges between milk proteins (interacting partially hydrolyzed casein with casein) can increase the number of bounds between protein particles leading to lower syneresis. However, excessive RSM content (higher than 30%) did not increase the L* value, viscosity and WHC of samples probably because of too much aggregation of casein. Sensory results revealed that sample containing 30% RSM was exactly alike to full fat yoghurt in terms of overall sensory attributes. New formulation of palatable skim yoghurt was developed using 3% RSM successfully.

Dimeric Dipeptide Mimetics of NGF and BDNF Are Promising Agents for Post-Stroke Therapy

The dimeric dipeptide mimetics of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) loops 1 and 4 and nerve growth factor (NGF) loop 4 were designed and synthesized at the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology. There are respectively bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-methionyl-L-serine) heptamethylenediamide(GSB-214), bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine) hexamethylenediamide (GSB-106) and bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine) hexamethylenediamide (GK-2). All of the ob-tained compounds activated a corresponding specific NGF or BDNF tyrosine kinase receptor (TrkA or TrkB), but had different postreceptor signaling patterns. GSB-106 activated the ERK and AKT, whereas GSB-214 and GK-2 only activated the AKT kinase. Here we report a comparative analysis of neuroprotective activity of these dipeptides in a model of ischemic stroke induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The all three dimeric dipeptides showed a statistically significant decrease of infarct volumes with the treatment beginning 4 hour after surgery. In the experiment with BDNF mimetics, GSB-106 reduced this volume by 66% and GSB-214 by 26%. NGF GK-2 reduced the cerebral infarct volume by 45%. Thus, BDNF mimetic, which activated both the ERK and AKT, and NGF mimetic, which selectively activated PI3K/AKT, showed high neuroprotective efficacy. In addition, we studied neuroprotective effects of GK-2 at the beginning of the treatment 6, 8 and 24 hours after reperfusion. The neuroprotective effect of GK-2 persisted in all these conditions. The effectiveness of GK-2 at a delayed start of administration suggests that the dipeptide has neuroregenerative properties. The results obtained suggest a potential role for the dimeric dipeptide NGF and BDNF mimetics as therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of a stroke.

Discovery of natural BH3 mimetics and research on related mechanism

In the past two decades,with the increase of smoking population,more and more people are suffering from small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Besides,it is difficult to find an effective way to cure SCLC,since patience can easily develop drug resistance.On the other hand,with the development of science and technology,people began to study the anti-cancer strategy to increase apoptosis,such as inhibiting the overexpression of survival factors.In these survival factors,BCL-2 family has attracted a lot of attention.BH3-only protein is a member of BCL-2 family and it can directly inhibit the expression of BCL-2 protein,thereby prompting apoptosis.Since the BH3-only protein itself is difficult to become a clinical drug,to find alternatives BH3-only protein-BH3 mimetics is particularly important.Plus,more and more researchers have paid attention on the natural BH3 mimetic since it has less side-effect than artificial BH3 mimetics.To find possible BH3 mimetics,we made a primary screening with this pharma.cophore on a small molecular compounds library via Discovery Studio software.And then MTS assay were introduced to verify the activity of compounds.After that,we use Western Blot and Co-IP meth.ods to test the effect of BH3 mimetics.And finally use CDOCKER to predict the further mechanism on autophagy and apoptosis.In our studies,we found 3 possible BH3 mimetics compounds from 170,000 natural small molecular compounds via pharmacophore-based virtual screening.Furthermore,we dem.onstrated AD23,one of the 3 possible natural BH3 mimetics,induced autophagy and apoptosis simulta.neously in dose-time dependence in SCLC cell line.Finally,we use Molecular Docking to predict the further mechanism on autophagy and apoptosis.We believe our works would provide evidences and clues for the structural optimizing and further study of new drugs in the future.

Curl Constraint-Preserving Reconstruction and the Guidance it Gives for Mimetic Scheme Design

Several important PDE systems,like magnetohydrodynamics and computational electrodynamics,are known to support involutions where the divergence of a vector field evolves in divergence-free or divergence constraint-preserving fashion.Recently,new classes of PDE systems have emerged for hyperelasticity,compressible multiphase flows,so-called firstorder reductions of the Einstein field equations,or a novel first-order hyperbolic reformulation of Schrödinger’s equation,to name a few,where the involution in the PDE supports curl-free or curl constraint-preserving evolution of a vector field.We study the problem of curl constraint-preserving reconstruction as it pertains to the design of mimetic finite volume(FV)WENO-like schemes for PDEs that support a curl-preserving involution.(Some insights into discontinuous Galerkin(DG)schemes are also drawn,though that is not the prime focus of this paper.)This is done for two-and three-dimensional structured mesh problems where we deliver closed form expressions for the reconstruction.The importance of multidimensional Riemann solvers in facilitating the design of such schemes is also documented.In two dimensions,a von Neumann analysis of structure-preserving WENOlike schemes that mimetically satisfy the curl constraints,is also presented.It shows the tremendous value of higher order WENO-like schemes in minimizing dissipation and dispersion for this class of problems.Numerical results are also presented to show that the edge-centered curl-preserving(ECCP)schemes meet their design accuracy.This paper is the first paper that invents non-linearly hybridized curl-preserving reconstruction and integrates it with higher order Godunov philosophy.By its very design,this paper is,therefore,intended to be forward-looking and to set the stage for future work on curl involution-constrained PDEs.

A New Analysis of an Implicit Mimetic Scheme for the Heat Equation

A mimetic finite difference scheme for the transient heat equation under Robin’s conditions is presented. The scheme uses second order gradient and divergence mimetic operators, on a staggered grid, to approximate the space derivatives. The temporal derivative is replaced by a first order backward difference approximation to obtain an implicit formulation. The resulting scheme contains nonstandard finite difference stencils. An original convergence analysis by the matrix’s method shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally stable. A comparative study against standard finite difference schemes, based on central difference or first order one side approximations, reveals the advantages of our scheme without being its implementation more expensive or difficult to achieve.

铜基漆酶模拟酶Cu-MP的制备及活性研究

天然漆酶的催化活性和稳定性易受外界环境因素的不良影响,受天然漆酶活性中心和电子转移的启发,利用6-巯基嘌呤与铜离子的配位反应合成一种新型漆酶模拟酶(Cu-MP),并采用SEM-EDS、BET、FTIR、XRD、XPS对其性能进行表征并分析。结果表明:Cu-MP呈珊瑚状多孔网状结构,可为催化反应提供较大的比表面积;6-MP主要通过硫和碱基氮(N7)与铜离子配位合成Cu-MP。催化机理推测,模拟酶Cu-MP通过铜离子从底物获取电子后,按照S-C_(6)-C_(5)-N_(7)通道实现电子转移;与相同质量浓度下的天然漆酶相比,Cu-MP对底物的亲和力更佳,其最大反应速度v_(max)是天然漆酶的4.7倍;在25℃下储存7 d后,Cu-MP的酶活保留率达84.03%;经过9轮循环利用,酶活保留率在70%以上;甚至在高盐或有机溶液中,Cu-MP仍能保持相对稳定的催化活性。因此,Cu-MP可以取代天然漆酶,尤其在一些极端条件下,用于处理酚类等环境污染物,是一种具有发展和应用前景的环境催化剂。

WO_(3)纳米片的制备及其在比色测定尿酸中的应用

在室温条件下制备具有过氧化物酶样活性的WO_(3)纳米片(WO_(3)NSs),基于WO_(3)NSs催化H_(2)O_(2)氧化3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)生成蓝色氧化产物(ox-TMB)及在尿酸氧化酶催化下,尿酸被氧化并定量释放H_(2)O_(2)的原理,建立一种以WO_(3)NSs为过氧化物模拟酶的尿酸测定方法。考察了多种因素对吸光度响应的影响。在优化的实验条件下,当尿酸浓度在1.0~100μmol/L范围内时,吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为0.61μmol/L,应用于血清样品中尿酸的测定,回收率在97.1%~101.4%范围内。

儿童主体的建构:师幼互动中教师的角色扮演与支持研究

儿童天生具有主动建构的能力,其能力的可能性不以“成人”的标准为准则。儿童主体的呈现与建构需要从儿童主动行动与他者行为反馈中发现。本文旨在揭示幼儿教师通过角色扮演为儿童主体的建构提供的支持行为及其二者交互影响的过程。在“前台”,教师是主体建构的“设计者”,儿童以“合作者”角色参与其中;在“后台”,幼儿教师通过适时介入与沉默观察成为“辅助者”,儿童则在教师角色和行为的转变下,成为主体建构的“主动者”。究其成因,儿童主体的建构既在与成人互动的直接经验中,又在对成人行为与角色的理解过程中自然生成。因此,理解儿童主体及其建构过程需要教师意识到并接纳不同情境下能动且具有多重样态的儿童角色形象,包容在他者事件中丰富自身身体体验的儿童行为。

海藻酸钠类糖苷酶活性及其催化机理研究

本研究发现海藻酸钠(SA)具有类糖苷酶活性,并通过4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)和4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-葡糖苷(MUG)两种不同的糖苷酶底物验证了这一发现,同时对SA进行了催化动力学分析;再以重氧水(H_(2)^(18)O)代替普通水(H_(2)^(16)O),利用液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)对PNPG的水解产物进行分析。结果表明,SA具有类糖苷酶活性,并且与天然糖苷酶的催化机制类似,即一对羧基分别充当质子供体和亲核试剂,来活化水分子或进攻异头碳,从而断裂糖苷键。

去铁胺在骨组织再生中的应用进展

背景:除了铁络合作用外,去铁胺还被认为是一种有效的低氧模拟剂及缺氧诱导因子1α稳定剂,近年的基础及临床研究中去铁胺也表现出良好的骨再生效应。去铁胺溶液或负载去铁胺的生物支架被局部应用于骨组织工程中,其对骨再生的促进涉及多种功能特性及分子机制,但尚未完全明确,且其在骨再生中的研究进展缺乏有效总结。目的:对去铁胺应用于骨再生的功能特性、优缺点及其在基础研究及临床实践中的进展进行综述,以期为后续相关研究提供参考及策略。方法:以“deferoxamine OR desferrioxamine OR desferal OR DFO”“bone tissue engineering OR bone regeneration OR bone remodeling OR bone repair OR bone healing OR osteogenesis”“angiogenesis OR vascularized bone regeneration OR angiogenic-osteogenic coupling”为英文检索词检索PubMed数据库,以“去铁胺”“骨组织工程,骨再生,骨重建,骨修复,骨愈合”“成血管,血管化成骨,成骨-成血管偶联”为中文检索词检索万方和中国知网数据库,最终纳入88篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①去铁胺能招募干细胞并调节干细胞功能,激活相关信号通路提高细胞的低氧适应能力,发挥抗炎抗氧化特性改善局部炎性环境,并通过偶联成骨-成血管及抑制骨吸收来促进骨再生。②相较于传统骨组织工程中加载的生长因子或多肽,去铁胺作为小分子药物具有独特的优势,同时也存在毒性反应及应用局限,因此优化载药形式及剂量是必要的。③去铁胺独特的成血管-成骨偶联能力,在不同类型的骨损伤如骨折、骨坏死、牵张成骨、骨移植、口腔相关成骨及骨缺损中,因对骨愈合过程中血管生成的加强而更能适应和解决复杂多变的临床情况及个体差异下造成的骨修复困难;但同时也需要对去铁胺的应用方式及安全剂量加以对比和优化,利于其应用范围的扩大及临床价值的提升。

摹拟词语音手段的跨语言考察

摹拟词属于普遍而又特殊的类。跨语言调查表明,无论从语音构造还是表达功能来看,摹拟词都呈现鲜明而独特的个性。就语音构造而言,摹拟词的语音“特殊”性表现有不同的形式,其中重叠是最典型的语音手段。但在有些语言中变音、语音交替、长音化、高低音调对立、音节前后置换、特定辅音结构、词末辅音等手段也有区别摹拟词语义,在表达摹状义时具有强化主观色彩的功能,具有类推性、能产性,可构成数量庞大的摹拟词词群。

基于多内核的操作系统内生安全技术

随着数字化、智能化、网络化趋势席卷全球,功能安全与网络安全日益交织、叠加,演变为内生安全问题。操作系统是计算机系统的重要组成部分,是软件架构的基石,操作系统级内生安全至关重要。基于拟态防御的动态异构冗余架构是实现操作系统内生安全的关键技术,但目前面临单内核操作系统不支持内生安全、操作系统级内生安全方案缺失、操作系统层共识机制设计不完善等挑战。本文从操作系统内生安全架构、异构冗余机制、高效通信和共识机制等方面展开分析和设计,提出了一套基于多内核的操作系统内生安全技术方案。

基于Fe_(3)O_(4)@CeO_(2)过氧化物模拟酶的尿酸检测

两步水热法制备的四氧化三铁@二氧化铈(Fe_(3)O_(4)@CeO_(2))具有过氧化物模拟酶活性,可催化H2O2氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)生成蓝色的氧化产物(TMBox)。通过与尿酸酶对尿酸的催化反应进行级联,开发了高灵敏、高特异性的尿酸比色检测新方法。该方法测定尿酸的线性范围为10~100μmol/L,检测限为7.9μmol/L,结果准确可靠。

数字化转型背景下制造侧网络安全发展情况与建议

在数字化转型的大背景下,网络安全威胁日益严重,系统性网络风险的潜在威胁不断增加。然而,当前的数字产品设计者和制造商往往没有充分认识到网络安全的重要性,导致在产品制造过程中其网络安全质量管理存在明显缺陷。为应对这一挑战,欧美地区强调政府在市场机制失效时的干预作用,并迅速出台一系列政策和法规,以加强对数字产品在生产环节的安全质量管理。因此,中国必须坚持自主创新,发挥在制造业内生安全理论和拟态构造技术方面的先发优势,提出一种平衡网络安全责任和风险的解决方案,避免落后。

基于拟态防御技术的API网关安全防护方法

针对当前API网关采用常规防御的方法很难有效防御漏洞、病毒及后门监测所产生的数据安全威胁,提出一种基于拟态防御技术的API网关安全防护方法。首先,在网关通过构建基于熵的异构度和内外安全度计算执行体裁决指标;其次,结合随机调度机制实现可信执行体选择;最后,通过反馈机制实现可信执行体动态调整,从而达到安全防御的闭环并不依赖任何执行条件实现系统的自适应防御。实验表明,所提算法相对于基于优先级调度算法的优势,具有一定的实用性。

An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.

Application of Mn(Ⅱ) as a Mimetic Enzyme of Horseradish Peroxidase

In this study, Mn(Ⅱ) as a mimetic enzyme of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The method introduced in this paper is based on Mn(Ⅱ)’s catalytic effect on the oxidation of 4-aminoantipyrine(4-AAP) with modified Trinder’s reagent N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3, 5-dimethoxyaniline(DAOS) by H2O2. By coupling this mimetic catalytic reaction with the catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOD), glucose can be detected. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graphs for the determination of H2O2 and glucose are in the range of 1.0×10-3?1.0×10-1 mol/L and 1.0×10-3?14×10-3 mol/L respectively. The detection limit is 5.9×10-4 mol/L for H2O2 and is 9.2×10-4 mol/L for glucose. The feasibility of Mn ( II ) as a HRP mimetic enzyme in practical clinical analysis has been proven in the determination of glucose in human serum. So far, Mn ( II ) is the simplest and the most inexpensive mimetic enzyme.