The Association between GLP-1 Receptor-Based Agonists and the Incidence of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Obesity:A Meta-Analysis

Objective Recent studies have indicated potential anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)on asthma,which is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Therefore,we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with T2DM and/or obesity.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to July 2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists(GLP-1RA,GLP-1 based dual and triple receptor agonist)with reports of asthma events were included.Outcomes were computed as risk ratios(RR)using a fixedeffects model.Results Overall,39 RCTs with a total of 85,755 participants were included.Compared to non-GLP-1 receptor-based agonist users,a trend of reduced risk of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments,although the difference was not statistically significant[RR=0.91,95%confidence interval(CI):0.68 to 1.24].Further Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of light-molecular-weight GLP-1RAs might be associated with a reduced the risk of asthma when compared with non-users(RR=0.65,95%CI:0.43 to 0.99,P=0.043).We also performed sensitivity analyses for participant characteristics,study design,drug structure,duration of action,and drug subtypes.However,no significant associations were observed.Conclusion Compared with non-users,a modest reduction in the incidence of asthma was observed in patients with T2DM or obesity using GLP-1 receptor-based agonist treatments.Further investigations are warranted to assess the association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the risk of asthma.

Combining GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors for cardiovascular disease prevention in type 2 diabetes:A systematic review with multiple network meta-regressions

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are associated with significant cardiovascular benefit in type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I alone may not improve some cardiovascular outcomes in patients with prior cardiovascular co-morbidities.AIM To explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can achieve additional benefit in preventing cardiovascular diseases in T2D.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations.The protocol was registered on PROSPERO(ID:42022385007).A total of 107049 participants from eligible cardiovascular outcomes trials of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I were included in network meta-regressions to estimate cardiovascular benefit of the combination treatment.Effect modification of prior myocardial infarction(MI)and heart failure(HF)was also explored to provide clinical insight as to when the INTRODUCTION The macro-and micro-vascular benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are independent of their glucose-lowering effects[1].In patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D),the major cardiovascular outcome trials(CVOT)showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors(DPP-4I)did not improve cardiovascular outcomes[2],whereas cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I was significant[3,4].Further subgroup analyses indicated that the background cardiovascular risk should be considered when examining the cardiovascular outcomes of these newer glucose-lowering medications.For instance,prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)was only seen in those patients with baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease[3,4].Moreover,a series of CVOT conducted in patients with heart failure(HF)have demonstrated that(compared with placebo)SGLT-2I significantly reduced risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death,irrespective of their history of T2D[5-8].However,similar cardiovascular benefits were not observed in those with myocardial infarction(MI)[9,10].Cardiovascular co-morbidities are not only approximately twice as common but are also associated with dispropor-tionately worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D,compared to the general population[11].Therefore,it is of clinical importance to investigate whether the combination treatment of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I could achieve greater cardiovascular benefit,particularly when considering patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities who may not gain sufficient cardiovascular protection from the monotherapies.This systematic review with multiple network meta-regressions was mainly aimed to explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can provide additional cardiovascular benefit in T2D.Cardiovascular outcomes of these newer antidiabetic medications were also estimated under effect modification of prior cardiovascular diseases.This was to provide clinical insight as to when the combination treatment might be prioritized.

A Retrospective Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the variations in clinical indices before and after treatment of type 2 mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that were treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Methods: The electronic medical record system was utilized to search for a total of 16 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by NAFLD who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from October 2022 to April 2023 and treated with GLP-1RA for the first time. The clinical indices were compared before and after 12 weeks of treatment with GLP-1RA. Results: The liver-spleen CT ratio (L/S), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in all patients treated with GLP-1RA after 12 weeks were significantly different (P 0.05). The patients were categorized into two groups based on the types of GLP-1RAs. The changes in L/S, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the long-acting group after treatment were statistically significant (P Conclusions: GLP-1RAs can improve liver function, regulate lipid metabolism, and reduce the severity of fatty liver in patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD, which demonstrates the importance of clinical applications.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes:Emerging evidence of benefit of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and incretin-based therapies

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a global epidemic,affecting more than half of the people living with type 2 diabetes(T2D).The relationship between NAFLD and T2D is bidirectional and the presence of one perpetuates the other,which significantly increases the hepatic as well as extrahepatic complications.Until recently,there was no approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitits(NASH).However,there is evidence that drugs used for diabetes may have beneficial effects on NAFLD.Insulin sensitizers acting through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)modulation act on multiple levels of NAFLD pathogenesis.Pioglitazone(PPARγ agonist)and saroglitazar(PPARα/γagonist)are particularly beneficial and recommended by several authoritative bodies for treating NAFLD in T2D,although data on biopsyproven NASH are lacking with the latter.Initial data on elafibanor(PPARα/δ agonist)and Lanifibranor(pan PPAR agonist)are promising.On the other hand,incretin therapies based on glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and dual-and triple-hormone receptor co-agonists reported impressive weight loss and may have anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties.GLP-1 RAs have shown beneficial effects on NAFLD/NASH and more studies on potential direct effects on liver function by dual-and triple-agonists are required.Furthermore,the long-term safety of these therapies in NAFLD needs to be established.Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers such as primary care doctors,hepatologists,and endocrinologists are warranted for selecting patients for the best possible management of NAFLD in T2D.

Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effects of weekly and daily formulations of GLP-1RA on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All patients were treated with metformin.We evaluated changes in blood glucose levels and a series of important indicators in patients before and after treatment with either a weekly or daily preparation of GLP-1RA(group A;n=33 and group B;n=37).RESULTS The degree of decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose,mean blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,total cholesterol,triglycerides,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after treatment in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05),whereas the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels decreased more so in group B than in group A(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of glycated hemoglobin,standard deviation of blood glucose,coefficient of variation,absolute mean of daily differences,percentage of time with 3.9 mmol/L<glucose<10 mmol/L,and high-and low-density lipoproteins between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of the weekly preparation of GLP-1RA in controlling blood glucose levels in the patients,suppressing inflammation,and reducing adverse reactions was significantly higher than that of the daily preparations,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

基于哨兵-2数据的白岗岩型铀矿构造蚀变特征研究——以纳米比亚罗辛矿区为例

白岗岩型铀矿是重要的铀矿资源,但针对该类铀矿典型矿床遥感特征的研究还十分薄弱。文章以纳米比亚罗辛铀矿区为研究对象,获取了该矿区哨兵-2遥感影像,总结了矿区典型蚀变矿物的光谱吸收特征,建立了针对矿区地质体的增强与构造解译方法。在此基础上,对获取的遥感影像进行了大气校正与几何校正,并应用主成分分析、波段比值等方法,提取了铁染、羟基和碳酸盐化蚀变信息。结果表明,罗辛铀矿中碳酸盐化蚀变在空间上与卡里毕比组的分布较为一致。通过选取合理的阈值,识别出与铀成矿相关的含大理岩地层。同时,对图像进行增强,并利用建立的构造解译方法,对罗辛铀矿的构造进行了识别。经野外查证,发现遥感识别构造、蚀变与野外查证结果一致,说明利用哨兵-2数据可以对白岗岩型铀矿的成矿条件与控矿要素进行识别,进而为铀矿勘查提供参考。

基于三维点云计算的CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度量化表征方法

CO_(2)地质封存是减少大气中CO_(2)排放,降低温室效应的重要途径,CO_(2)注入含水地层中时,CO_(2)-水-岩反应可能引起岩石矿物的侵蚀,对CO_(2)地质封存安全性产生显著影响。在室内实验中,通过表征岩石表面的形貌特征可以有效地评估CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,为CO_(2)地质封存的安全性评估提供科学依据。通过三维点云计算可以精确量化地表征CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,这种方法首先运用三维激光扫描技术,构建岩石表面的三维模型,确定CO_(2)-水处理前岩石表面三维模型的基准面,并基于处理前的均方根粗糙度确定处理后岩石表面三维模型的基准面。基于三维模型点云信息,提出了两种不同的体积计算新方法,并通过对规则模型体积的计算比较了两种计算方法的准确性与适用性,可根据实际情况选择两种计算方法量化表征CO_(2)-水处理前后岩石表面的侵蚀体积。最后,以陕西省咸阳市某煤矿煤样为例,开展了CO_(2)-水-岩反应模拟试验,验证了计算的可行性。试验结果表明:该文提出的侵蚀体积计算方法可有效地量化表征CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,CO_(2)-水处理后岩石表面不同区域的侵蚀差异性明显,岩石表面的侵蚀体积与均方根粗糙度之间存在显著的正比关系,随着均方根粗糙度的增大,侵蚀体积也相应上升。

富含γ-氨基丁酸红小豆对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是世界范围内最普遍代谢性疾病,已成为全球流行的健康问题。豆类为基础的饮食有助于预防和控制T2DM发生及发展。为了研究富含γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)红小豆的健康效应,该研究构建T2DM模型,对富含GABA红小豆膳食干预的小鼠糖脂代谢水平、肝功能相关指标进行分析。结果显示,高剂量富含GABA红小豆组(TF3)对抵抗超重具有一定效果,且可显著降低空腹血糖水平(P<0.05),恢复机体对血糖的调节能力,减轻胰岛素抵抗。与M组相比,各处理组不同程度降低T2DM小鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素和肌酐水平,其中TF3及阳性对照组平衡血糖及调节T2DM小鼠肝肾损伤效果更好,同时可缓解高脂饮食造成的肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。表明富含GABA红小豆膳食可改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢水平,并可缓解肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。该研究为富含GABA功能食品研发及应用提供理论依据。

白细胞介素-17基因多态性与山西东南地区汉族人群2型糖尿病的相关性

目的 研究山西省东南地区汉族人群白细胞介素-17(IL-17)基因单核苷酸多态性及其与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的相关性。方法 收集健康对照组和T2DM组受试者基本信息及临床资料,提取全血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-高温连接酶反应对IL-17基因4个位点(rs2275913、rs3819024、rs4711998和rs8193036)进行多态性检测。结果 两组IL-17基因4个SNP位点基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),在校正年龄、BMI、WC和血脂异常等因素后,两组研究对象在不同遗传模型下的基因型及等位基因频率分布差异亦无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。进一步分析显示,T2DM组rs2275913位点AA基因型FPG和HOMA-IR显著低于AG和GG基因型,三组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);而三组间BMI、FINS、HbA1c水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。此外,T2DM组rs3819024位点AA基因型WC、HOMA-IR显著高于GG基因型,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 IL-17基因rs2275913、rs3819024、rs4711998、rs8193036多态性与山西省东南地区汉族人群T2DM可能无关,IL-17 rs2275913位点AA基因型、rs3819024位点GG基因型分别与山西东南地区汉族T2DM患者FPG和HOMA-IR、WC和HOMA-IR相关,可能是IL-17影响糖代谢的潜在基因型。

重度创伤性颅脑损伤后凝血功能障碍患者血浆α2-抗纤溶酶、vWF及ET-1水平及其影响因素分析

目的探讨重度创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)后凝血功能障碍患者血浆α2-抗纤溶酶(α2-AP)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)及内皮素-1(ET-1)水平变化及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月南阳市第一人民医院神经外科和新乡市中心医院神经外科收治的106例重度TBI患者。其中男性58例,女性48岁;年龄32~60岁,平均43.7岁。根据TBI后24 h内是否发生凝血功能障碍分为凝血正常组(74例)和凝血障碍组(32例)。比较两组重度TBI患者临床资料和入院次日清晨的凝血功能指标及血浆α2-AP、vWF、ET-1水平;Pearson相关性分析重度TBI后凝血功能障碍患者血浆α2-AP、vWF、ET-1水平与凝血功能指标的关系;Logistic回归性分析影响重度TBI患者发生凝血功能障碍的危险因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血浆α2-AP、vWF、ET-1水平对重度TBI患者发生凝血功能障碍的预测价值。结果两组患者年龄、入院GCS、入院头部最高AIS和入院时平均MAP比较,差异有统计学意义[(45.4±5.7)岁vs.(42.8±4.2)岁、(6.7±1.1)分vs.(7.2±0.9)分、(4.6±0.8)分vs.(3.7±0.6)分、(84.1±11.2)mmHg vs.(91.0±9.7)mmHg],P<0.05。凝血障碍组TBI患者PT、APTT和INR等凝血功能指标水平和血浆α2-AP、vWF、ET-1水平高于凝血正常组,纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平低于凝血正常组[(27.9±3.4)s vs.(12.0±1.9)s、(66.4±5.8)s vs.(36.2±2.3)s、1.6±0.2 vs.1.0±0.1、(67.8±8.2)mg/L vs.(19.3±2.4)mg/L、(162.5±24.6)%vs.(94.8±10.4)%、(65.1±5.2)mg/L vs.(41.6±3.9)mg/L、(2.6±0.3)g/L vs.(3.9±0.5)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析,重度TBI后凝血功能障碍患者血浆α2-AP、vWF、ET-1与PT呈强正相关(r=0.723、0.528、0.586,P<0.05),与APTT呈强正相关(r=0.646、0.572、0.585,P<0.05),与INR呈强正相关(r=0.592、0.507、0.548,P<0.05),与FIB呈强负相关(r=-0.653、-0.672、-0.526,P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,入院时GCS降低(OR=2.593,95%CI:1.018~6.606,P<0.05)、α2-AP水平升高(OR=3.019,95%CI:1.107~8.236,P<0.05)和vWF水平升高(OR=2.729,95%CI:1.028~7.243,P<0.05)为重度TBI患者发生凝血功能障碍的相关危险因素;ROC曲线显示,α2-AP、vWF、ET-1预测重度TBI患者发生凝血功能障碍的AUC分别为0.887(95%CI:0.805~0.969,P<0.05)、0.828(95%CI:0.734~0.922,P<0.05)和0.807(95%CI:0.695~0.918,P<0.05),联合检测的AUC为0.912(95%CI:0.854~0.970,P<0.05),灵敏度为91.67%,特异度为87.14%。结论重度TBI后凝血功能障碍患者血浆α2-AP、vWF和ET-1水平均显著升高,其中血浆α2-AP、vWF水平升高为重度TBI患者发生凝血功能障碍的相关危险因素。

清燥救肺汤联合痰热清注射液防治放射性肺损伤的临床疗效及对免疫指标、IL-2和TNF-α表达的影响

目的探讨清燥救肺汤联合痰热清注射液防治放射性肺损伤的临床疗效及对免疫指标、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达的影响。方法选择2020年9月~2022年12月在唐山市人民医院放化科接受胸部三维适形放射治疗的肺癌患者100例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各50例。对照组采用单纯放疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予清燥救肺汤联合痰热清注射液。放疗结束后3个月比较两组近期疗效、放射性肺炎和不良反应发生情况,及放疗前与放疗结束后3个月生存质量、免疫指标、IL-2和TNF-α水平变化。结果治疗组近期有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组放疗结束后3个月卡氏功能状态(karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分高于放疗前(P<0.05);治疗组放疗结束后3个月KPS评分改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组放疗结束后3个月中医证候积分均低于放疗前(P<0.05);治疗组放疗结束后3个月中医证候积分改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组患者放疗结束后3个月CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+高于放疗前(P<0.05),改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05),对照组患者放疗结束后3个月CD3+、CD4+/CD8+较放疗前无明显变化(P>0.05)。2组患者放疗结束后3个月血清IL-2水平高于放疗前,而TNF-α水平低于放疗前(P<0.05);治疗组患者放疗结束后3个月血清IL-2水平和TNF-α水平改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论清燥救肺汤联合痰热清注射液可明显降低放射性肺炎发生率,改善部分免疫指标水平,减轻细胞炎性反应。

钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂对急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者临床指标及预后的影响

目的观察钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者临床指标及预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年6月于安徽医科大学第二附属医院胸痛中心就诊后确诊AMI合并T2DM患者180例,根据入院后降糖方案分为对照组(79例,给予磺脲类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、二甲双胍等药物)和观察组(101例,给予达格列净或恩格列净)。患者出院后定期随访,比较2组患者临床指标及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果所有患者随访6~12个月,结果显示观察组白细胞计数小于对照组[(7.4±1.6)×10^(9)/L比(8.7±1.6)×10^(9)/L],左心室舒张末期内径改善优于对照组[(-0.527±1.462)mm比(1.359±2.111)mm](均P<0.05)。观察组MACE发生率低于对照组[5.4%(2/37)比25.0%(8/32)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。结论SGLT-2i较其他降糖药物12个月内能改善AMI合并T2DM患者的心脏功能及预后,且能减轻该类患者的全身炎症反应。

CA125、Ang-2在子宫肌瘤患者血清中的表达及其与术后转归的关系

目的探讨糖类抗原125(CA125)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)在子宫肌瘤患者血清中的表达及其与术后转归的关系,为评估肿瘤活性和预测术后复发风险提供参考。方法选取2019年1月至2020年12月攀枝花市第二人民医院收治的60例接受子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者作为研究对象,设为观察组。另选取同期60例健康体检子宫正常者设为对照组。检测对照组及观察组术前、术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平,并对观察组进行1年的随访。采用Logistic回归分析影响术后复发的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CA125、Ang-2水平与术后子宫肌瘤复发的预测价值。结果观察组术前血清CA125、Ang-2水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平均低于观察组术前(P<0.05)。观察组术后随访1年,其中复发15例,未复发45例,复发率为25.0%。复发组术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平均高于未复发组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平是影响术后复发的独立危险因素(OR=1.032、1.046,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,术后7 d血清CA125、Ang-2水平对术后肌瘤复发的预测价值较高,曲线下面积分别为0.823、0.841。结论子宫肌瘤患者血清CA125、Ang-2水平高与子宫肿瘤生长及复发有关,可作为评估子宫肌瘤活性和预测术后转归的指标,是影响术后复发的独立危险因素,具有较高的预测价值。

益肾填精凉血汤联合西药治疗慢性过敏性紫癜性肾炎的疗效及外周血ET-1、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α水平的影响

目的:探讨益肾填精凉血汤联合西药治疗慢性过敏性紫癜性肾炎(Henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis,HSPN)患者的疗效及对肾功能、外周血内皮素-1(ET-1)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)水平的影响。方法:将97例HSPN患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,研究组(49例)和对照组(48例)。对照组中脱落3例,剩余45例患者进行常规治疗,包括口服贝那普利、泼尼松以及双嘧达莫。研究组中脱落4例,剩余45例患者在对照组基础上,给予益肾填精凉血汤口服。2组均治疗12 w。观察2组治疗后的临床疗效,治疗前后肾外症状(皮肤紫癜疹消退时间、关节肿痛消失时间、腹痛消失时间、血尿消失时间)、中医证候积分、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 hUpro)、血肌酐(Scr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿红细胞计数(U-RBC)、免疫T细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)阳性率及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值)水平、血清细胞因子[白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、肾脏微循环指标(ET-1、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α)及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组总有效率(86.67%)高于对照组(62.22%)(P<0.05)。研究组皮肤紫癜疹消退时间、关节肿痛消失时间、腹痛消失时间、血尿消失时间均缩短;中医证候积分,24 hUpro、Scr、BUN、β2-MG、U-RBC,CD8^(+)水平,IL-1、IL-17、TNF-α,ET-1、TXB2均降低;CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平,6-Keto-PGF1α均升高(P<0.05),且研究组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,肝、肾功能等均未有严重不良反应发生。结论:益肾填精凉血汤联合西药治疗慢性HSPN的疗效确切,能缩短肾外症状消失时间,调节肾功能,提高机体免疫功能,抑制炎症反应,改善肾脏微循环,减轻单纯服用西药的不良反应。

ZnO/TiO_(2)核-壳纳米结构的低温制备及其光电性能研究

ZnO因其自身的高电荷复合、化学性质活泼,导致其应用受到限制,通过表面修饰进行复合可实现电子-空穴的分离并提高其化学稳定性。以二水合醋酸锌、六水合硝酸锌、六氟钛酸铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶、水热和液相沉积相结合的方法,在低温条件下制备出ZnO/TiO_(2)单异质结。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、PL等对样品进行表征并对其光电性能进行测试。结果表明,在沉积时间为20 min时,ZnO/TiO_(2)核-壳结构形貌最规整,其中ZnO直径约115 nm,TiO_(2)薄膜厚度约7.6 nm;TiO_(2)的负载,降低了电极中光生电荷的复合,提高了ZnO对光子的收集能力,光电流密度提升大约10倍,达到0.21μA/cm^(2),表现出优异的光电化学性能。

基于抑菌实验和网络药理学探讨D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌的抑制作用

目的:采用抑菌实验研究蛇床子-冰片药对成分中的D-柠檬烯及2-茨醇的体外抗白色念珠菌作用,并运用网络药理学预测D-柠檬烯和2-茨醇治疗念珠菌病的核心靶点和通路。方法:以白色念珠菌为研究对象,K-B纸片扩散法分别测定0.5、1.0、1.5 mg的D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇、制霉菌素的药液抑菌圈直径;采用试管双倍稀释法和棋盘法,测定D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及两两联用的MIC,计算出联合抑菌分数(FIC)。通过Pubchem、SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇的有效靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库检索念珠菌病相关的疾病靶点;运用Venny软件获得两种化学成分和念珠菌病的共同靶点;运用Cytoscape 3.9. 0软件构建“成分-靶点-疾病”网络;利用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作PPI网络;利用R软件进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。结果:D-柠檬烯的MIC为5 mg/mL,2-茨醇的MIC为2.5 mg/mL。D-柠檬烯与2-茨醇联用的FIC指数为0.75,呈相加作用。网络药理学筛选得到两种成分相关作用靶点152个,疾病靶点893个,两者交集靶点为24个;网络拓扑分析得到核心靶点为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、雌激素受体(ESR1)等;KEGG分析得到核心通路为C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)、催乳素信号通路(prolactin signaling pathway)等。结论:D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇对白色念珠菌均有抑制作用,且2种组分药物联合使用具有一定的协同作用。网络药理学预测初步提示D-柠檬烯、2-茨醇可能通过作用于TNF、PPARG、ESR1等核心靶点调控C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Fc epsilon RI信号通路(Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway)等以治疗念珠菌病。

达格列净联合胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂对2型糖尿病的疗效研究

目的探讨达格列净联合胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1 RAs)对2型糖尿病患者血液流变学及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法将2020年11月—2022年10月泉州市中医院收治的102例2型糖尿病患者随机分为2组,每组51例。对照组给予达格列净治疗,研究组采用达格列净联合GLP-1 RAs(利拉鲁肽)的治疗方案。比较2组临床疗效、血糖指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、空腹胰岛素(FINS)及胰岛素抵抗[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)]、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、血液流变学指标[红细胞聚集指数(EAI)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞变形指数(EDI)、血浆黏度(PV)]和不良反应。结果研究组总有效率为94.12%,高于对照组的80.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组治疗后FBG、2 hPG、HbAlc、BMI均低于治疗前,且研究组治疗后FBG、2 hPG、HbAlc水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组FINS、HOMA-β水平高于对照组,HOMA-IR水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组治疗后HDL-C均高于治疗前,TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于治疗前;研究组治疗后HDL-C水平高于对照组,TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组和对照组EAI、HCT、EDI、PV水平均低于治疗前,且研究组EAI、HCT、EDI、PV水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率为11.76%,与对照组的9.80%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论达格列净联合GLP-1 RAs(利拉鲁肽)治疗2型糖尿病的疗效确切,可有效调节患者血糖及血脂水平,缓解胰岛素抵抗,改善血液流变学指标。

胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者不良反应文献分析

目的 分析胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)致2型糖尿病患者药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点和规律,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台中GLP-1RA致2型糖尿病患者ADR个案报道并整理分析。结果 收集个案报道102例,GLP-1RA引发ADR未见显著性别差异,ADR多发生于用药3个月内,可引发皮肤、皮下组织系统、胃肠系统、肾脏系统、心血管系统等多系统疾病。结论 临床应用GLP-1RA过程中应加强用药监护,尤其对既往存在相关基础疾病的患者,以防严重ADR发生。

miR-214-5p通过DNMT1介导的AXIN2基因DNA甲基化修饰在皮肤基底细胞癌中的作用机制

目的探讨皮肤基底细胞癌中轴抑制蛋白2(Axis inhibition protein 2,AXIN2)基因启动子甲基化对基因转录的影响及miR-214-5p通过靶向DNA甲基转移酶1(DNA methyltransferase1,DNMT1)对AXIN2甲基化率的调控机制。方法收集2022年1月-2023年6月在广州市皮肤病防治所就诊治疗的102例皮肤基底细胞癌(Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma,BCC)患者作为研究对象,提取癌组织和癌旁正常组织标本及基线资料。焦磷酸测序法检测AXIN2基因启动子区甲基化率。实时荧光定量PCR检测AXIN2、DNMT1基因mRNA和miR-214-5p的表达水平。将miR-214-5p模拟物(mimic)、抑制物(inhibitor)及其阴性对照(mimic NC和inhibitor NC)分别对基底细胞癌A431细胞进行转染,48 h后检测DNMT1基因mRNA表达水平和AXIN2基因甲基化率。结果BCC癌组织的AXIN2基因甲基化率显著高于癌旁正常组织(t=5.128,P<0.001),AXIN2基因mRNA相对表达水平显著低于癌旁正常组织(t=7.826,P<0.001),DNMT1基因mRNA表达水平显著高于癌旁正常组织(t=4.838,P<0.001),miR-214-5p表达水平显著低于癌旁正常组织(t=5.426,P<0.001)。BCC癌组织的AXIN2基因甲基化率与其mRNA表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.793,P<0.001),DNMT1基因mRNA水平与AXIN2基因甲基化率呈正相关(r=0.814,P<0.001),miR-214-5p表达水平与DNMT1基因mRNA水平呈负相关(r=-0.747,P<0.001)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果证实,DNMT1是miR-214-5p的靶基因。细胞转染后,与mimic NC、inhibitor和inhibitor NC比较,mimic的DNMT1基因mRNA水平、AXIN2基因甲基化率显著降低(P<0.001);而inhibitor的DNMT1基因mRNA水平和AXIN2基因甲基化率相较于其他三组明显上升(P<0.001)。结论miR-214-5p可通过调控下游靶蛋白DNMT1表达,影响AXIN2基因的DNA甲基化率,调控AXIN2基因的表达水平,参与皮肤基底细胞癌的发生机制。