It has been found that microwave assisted decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives can be achieved under solvent-free and catalyst free conditions. This new method produces the corresponding carboxylic acid in a pu...It has been found that microwave assisted decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives can be achieved under solvent-free and catalyst free conditions. This new method produces the corresponding carboxylic acid in a pure manner and with a high yield in a very short reaction time: 3 - 10 min. In general terms, the condition under which this reaction is carried out accelerates the decarboxylation significantly of a series of disubstituted malonic acid derivatives, and makes this new process efficient, easy and environmentally friendly.展开更多
Formaldehyde fixation is the main method for crosslinking cellular proteins prior to their usage in immunocytochemistry. In order to create these links, formaldehyde undergoes a Mannich reaction in which the formaldeh...Formaldehyde fixation is the main method for crosslinking cellular proteins prior to their usage in immunocytochemistry. In order to create these links, formaldehyde undergoes a Mannich reaction in which the formaldehyde forms a methylene bridge between the aminogroup of two amino acids. Crosslinking increases protein stability allowing for more accurate preservation of in vivo conformations which in turn increases binding affinity of fluorochrome conjugated antibodies for fluorescent imaging. Formaldehyde is also a known carcinogen as classified by the National Cancer Institute. Malonic acid, a green, plant-based, water-soluble, and relatively inexpensive polycarboxylic acid has been shown to undergo crosslinking of proteins through an unknown mechanism. To test whether malonic acid can crosslink proteins within cells we fixed SH-5YSY cells with either malonic acid or formaldehyde and then stained with a fluorochrome conjugated antibody for the cytoskeletal protein α-tubulin. The cells were then imaged 72 hours after fixation. We observed a non-significant difference in the fluorescence of immunostained SH-5YSY cells fixed with malonic acid as compared to paraformaldehyde (p-value = 0.2469, ANOVA). In addition, we have created a theoretical mechanism showing malonic acid forming a propyl bridge for crosslinking proteins in a similar mechanism to that of formaldehyde. Here, we show that malonic acid is able to fix cells and retain fluorescence just as well as paraformaldehyde up to 72 hours after fixation and present several possible mechanisms for this chemical process.展开更多
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with broad distribution and host range.Bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been proven to be effective in controlling S.sclerotiorum....Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with broad distribution and host range.Bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been proven to be effective in controlling S.sclerotiorum.In this study,the mycelial growth of S.sclerotiorum was effectively inhibited by maleic acid,malonic acid,and their combination at a concentration of 2 mg/mL,with respective inhibition rates of 32.5%,9.98%,and 67.6%.The treatment of detached leaves with the two acids resulted in a decrease in lesion diameters.Interestingly,maleic acid and malonic acid decreased the number of sclerotia while simultaneously increasing their weight.The two acids also disrupted the cell structure of sclerotia,leading to sheet-like electron-thin regions.On a molecular level,maleic acid reduced oxalic acid secretion,upregulated the expression of Ss-Odc2 and downregulated CWDE10,Ss-Bi1 and Ss-Ggt1.Differently,malonic acid downregulated CWDE2 and Ss-Odc1.These findings verified that maleic acid and malonic acid could effectively inhibit S.sclerotiorum,providing promising evidence for the development of an environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.展开更多
A new complex of malonic acid with lanthanum,La(Hmal)·(mal)·3H_2O,was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra.The thermal decomposition process and their kinetic parameters n and E...A new complex of malonic acid with lanthanum,La(Hmal)·(mal)·3H_2O,was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra.The thermal decomposition process and their kinetic parameters n and E_a were studied by means of TG and DTG.All of the intermediate and end products were determined and characterized by the mass loss in TG curve,elemental analysis and IR spectra.展开更多
Radionuclide migration in aquatic environment is influenced by its sorption onto colloids/mineral oxides and the presence of organic complexing anions.With a view to understand the sorption of trivalent actinides by m...Radionuclide migration in aquatic environment is influenced by its sorption onto colloids/mineral oxides and the presence of organic complexing anions.With a view to understand the sorption of trivalent actinides by mineral oxides in presence of organic acid,in the present study,Eu(Ⅲ),malonic acid(MA)andγ-alumina are considered as representatives of trivalent actinides,low molecular weight natural occurring organic acid and aluminol sites,respectively.The influence of MA on sorption of Eu(Ⅲ)byγ-alumina was elucidated by batch sorption,spectroscopic techniques and surface complexation modeling,for the first time.Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic studies of MA sorbed onγ-alumina revealed the presence of two inner-sphere surface complexes.Batch sorption for binary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ))and ternary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ)-MA)systems were investigated as a function of p H,Eu(Ⅲ)concentration and sequential addition of Eu(Ⅲ)/MA.The p H edge for Eu(Ⅲ)sorption shifts to higher p H with increasing Eu(Ⅲ)concentration.In ternary systems,Eu(Ⅲ)sorption is significantly enhanced at p H<4.5.Eu(Ⅲ)speciation onγ-alumina is independent of addition sequence of Eu(Ⅲ)/MA.Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of Eu(Ⅲ)sorbed onγ-alumina exhibited two surface species,≡XOEu^2+and(≡YO)2 Eu^(+).The enhancement in I 616/I 592 and lifetime for ternary systems,as compared to binary system,at low p H,indicates the participation of Eu-MA complexes in the formation of surface species in ternary systems.The diffuse layer model has been employed to successfully model the experimental sorption profiles of binary and ternary systems,using code FITEQL 4.0,by considering the surface species identified by spectroscopic techniques.展开更多
文摘It has been found that microwave assisted decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives can be achieved under solvent-free and catalyst free conditions. This new method produces the corresponding carboxylic acid in a pure manner and with a high yield in a very short reaction time: 3 - 10 min. In general terms, the condition under which this reaction is carried out accelerates the decarboxylation significantly of a series of disubstituted malonic acid derivatives, and makes this new process efficient, easy and environmentally friendly.
文摘Formaldehyde fixation is the main method for crosslinking cellular proteins prior to their usage in immunocytochemistry. In order to create these links, formaldehyde undergoes a Mannich reaction in which the formaldehyde forms a methylene bridge between the aminogroup of two amino acids. Crosslinking increases protein stability allowing for more accurate preservation of in vivo conformations which in turn increases binding affinity of fluorochrome conjugated antibodies for fluorescent imaging. Formaldehyde is also a known carcinogen as classified by the National Cancer Institute. Malonic acid, a green, plant-based, water-soluble, and relatively inexpensive polycarboxylic acid has been shown to undergo crosslinking of proteins through an unknown mechanism. To test whether malonic acid can crosslink proteins within cells we fixed SH-5YSY cells with either malonic acid or formaldehyde and then stained with a fluorochrome conjugated antibody for the cytoskeletal protein α-tubulin. The cells were then imaged 72 hours after fixation. We observed a non-significant difference in the fluorescence of immunostained SH-5YSY cells fixed with malonic acid as compared to paraformaldehyde (p-value = 0.2469, ANOVA). In addition, we have created a theoretical mechanism showing malonic acid forming a propyl bridge for crosslinking proteins in a similar mechanism to that of formaldehyde. Here, we show that malonic acid is able to fix cells and retain fluorescence just as well as paraformaldehyde up to 72 hours after fixation and present several possible mechanisms for this chemical process.
基金supported by the open funds of the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology(AMLKF202009)the Opening Project of Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture(G2-KF2007)+4 种基金the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology,Ministry of Education(FECBOF2021006)the Opening Project of Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment(Fujian Polytechnic Normal University)(S1-KF2110)Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development(Se-2021A01)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(NK201702)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFB489).
文摘Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with broad distribution and host range.Bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been proven to be effective in controlling S.sclerotiorum.In this study,the mycelial growth of S.sclerotiorum was effectively inhibited by maleic acid,malonic acid,and their combination at a concentration of 2 mg/mL,with respective inhibition rates of 32.5%,9.98%,and 67.6%.The treatment of detached leaves with the two acids resulted in a decrease in lesion diameters.Interestingly,maleic acid and malonic acid decreased the number of sclerotia while simultaneously increasing their weight.The two acids also disrupted the cell structure of sclerotia,leading to sheet-like electron-thin regions.On a molecular level,maleic acid reduced oxalic acid secretion,upregulated the expression of Ss-Odc2 and downregulated CWDE10,Ss-Bi1 and Ss-Ggt1.Differently,malonic acid downregulated CWDE2 and Ss-Odc1.These findings verified that maleic acid and malonic acid could effectively inhibit S.sclerotiorum,providing promising evidence for the development of an environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new complex of malonic acid with lanthanum,La(Hmal)·(mal)·3H_2O,was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra.The thermal decomposition process and their kinetic parameters n and E_a were studied by means of TG and DTG.All of the intermediate and end products were determined and characterized by the mass loss in TG curve,elemental analysis and IR spectra.
文摘Radionuclide migration in aquatic environment is influenced by its sorption onto colloids/mineral oxides and the presence of organic complexing anions.With a view to understand the sorption of trivalent actinides by mineral oxides in presence of organic acid,in the present study,Eu(Ⅲ),malonic acid(MA)andγ-alumina are considered as representatives of trivalent actinides,low molecular weight natural occurring organic acid and aluminol sites,respectively.The influence of MA on sorption of Eu(Ⅲ)byγ-alumina was elucidated by batch sorption,spectroscopic techniques and surface complexation modeling,for the first time.Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic studies of MA sorbed onγ-alumina revealed the presence of two inner-sphere surface complexes.Batch sorption for binary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ))and ternary(alumina-Eu(Ⅲ)-MA)systems were investigated as a function of p H,Eu(Ⅲ)concentration and sequential addition of Eu(Ⅲ)/MA.The p H edge for Eu(Ⅲ)sorption shifts to higher p H with increasing Eu(Ⅲ)concentration.In ternary systems,Eu(Ⅲ)sorption is significantly enhanced at p H<4.5.Eu(Ⅲ)speciation onγ-alumina is independent of addition sequence of Eu(Ⅲ)/MA.Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of Eu(Ⅲ)sorbed onγ-alumina exhibited two surface species,≡XOEu^2+and(≡YO)2 Eu^(+).The enhancement in I 616/I 592 and lifetime for ternary systems,as compared to binary system,at low p H,indicates the participation of Eu-MA complexes in the formation of surface species in ternary systems.The diffuse layer model has been employed to successfully model the experimental sorption profiles of binary and ternary systems,using code FITEQL 4.0,by considering the surface species identified by spectroscopic techniques.
