Molecular mapping of a novel wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Ml92145E8-9 and its application in wheat breeding by marker-assisted selection

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is one of the most devastating diseases of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.). The wheat line 92145 E8-9 is immune to Bgt isolate E09. Genetic analysis reveals that the powdery mildew resistance in 92145 E8-9 is controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated Ml92145 E8-9. Bulkedsegregant analysis(BSA) with simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers indicates that Ml92145 E8-9 is located on chromosome 2 AL. According to the reactions of 92145 E8-9,VPM1(Pm4 b carrier), and Lankao 906(PmLK906 carrier) to 14 Bgt isolates, the resistance spectrum of 92145 E8-9 differs from those of Pm4 b and PmLK906, both of which were previously localized to 2 AL. To test the allelism among Ml92145 E8-9, Pm4 b and PmLK906, two F2 populations of 92145 E8-9 × VPM1(Pm4 b) and 92145 E8-9 × Lankao 906(PmLK906) were developed in this study. Screening of 784 F2 progeny of 92145 E8-9 × VPM1 and 973 F2 progeny of 92145 E8-9 × Lankao 906 for Bgt isolate E09 identified 37 and 19 susceptible plants, respectively. These findings indicated that Ml92145 E8-9 is non-allelic to either Pm4 b or PmLK906. Thus, Ml92145 E8-9 is likely to be a new powdery mildew resistance gene on2 AL. New polymorphic markers were developed based on the collinearity of genomic regions of Ml92145 E8-9 with the reference sequences of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium(IWGSC). Ml92145 E8-9 was mapped to a 3.6 c M interval flanked by molecular markers Xsdauk13 and Xsdauk682. This study also developed five powdery mildew-resistant wheat lines(SDAU3561, SDAU3562, SDAU4173, SDAU4174, and SDAU4175)using flanking marker-aided selection. The markers closely linked to Ml92145 E8-9 would be useful in marker-assisted selection for wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.

Grain selection and growth orientation of prior-β phase for Ti-6-4 during additive manufacturing:insights from a modeling perspective

The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-β grain,which leads to a decrease of the tensile behavior and the occurrence of anisotropy.To understand and control the grain evolution,a multiscale simulation is applied to investigate the relationship between the grain selection,growth orientation,and the molten pool morphology with the different deposition layer numbers and processing parameters.The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiments in both qualitative and quantitative ways.Results show that when the grain with unfavorable orientation loses the competitive growth with its neighbors,there will be a great chance that the blocked grain is eliminated in the following layer-and-layer deposition,which leads to the increase of the grain width.The size of the molten pool increases remarkably as the layer number increases,which lays a heavy burden on the stability of the molten pool.The analytical relationship between the molten pool morphology and the grain growth orientation is also deduced.The flat molten pool causes the grains with the <001> direction close to the building direction to have greater survival potential.Besides,decreasing the line power energy shows little effect on the stability of the molten pool and the grain growth orientation,especially when the deposited layer number is large.The revealing mechanisms will help in understanding and further controlling the grain evolution.

λ-超凸空间中的一个选择定理及其应用

本文研究度量空间中取非空λ外超凸值的集值映象的选择问题.利用Zorn引理,得到了一个选择定理.作为应用,得到了一个不动点定理,并且证明了有界λ超凸空间中1λLipschitzian集值映象的不动点集为λ超凸集.

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Edible Sunflower Variety AR9-9293

Edible sunflower variety AR9-9293 was approved by the Sunflower Variety Appraisal Committee with the country Identification number of sunflower 2015005. This paper introduced the breeding process, yield performance and characteristics, and the high-yield cultivation technology of new edible sunflower variety AR9-9293. The promotion of edible sunflower varieties and cultivation technology could achieve the effects of improving the level of the sunflower cultivation, promoting the development of rural and agricultural economy and increasing farmers＇ income, as well as positively promoting development of the society and adjusting agricultural industry structure.

有限簇多值Φ-拟伪压缩型映射公共不动点的迭代程序

引入具误差的修正Mann和Ishikawa迭代程序及多值Φ-拟伪压缩型映射,在一致光滑实Banach空间证明了此迭代序列强收敛于具广义Lipschitzian连续的(一般未必连续或有界)多值Φ-拟伪压缩型映射有限簇的唯一公共不动点,统一和发展了包括王林和王刚(2006年)、周海云(2006年)、HUANG(2002年)、曾六川(2005年)、徐裕光(2004年)、张石生(2000年)和倪仁兴(2001和2002年)等近期许多相关结果.

气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用法测定水产品及食用油中氟乐灵的残留量

建立了一种可用于水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留量分析的分散型固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱方法。水产品及食用油经乙腈提取，4℃冷藏后，采用分散型固相萃取法净化，由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱选择离子监测技术进行测定与确证，同位素内标法定量。在1～40μg / L 范围内氟乐灵农药的线性关系良好；方法定量限（LOQ）为0.02μg / kg；对鳗鱼、烤鳗、梭子蟹、小龙虾、猪油和橄榄油等6种复杂基质进行1.0、2.0和3.0μg / kg 等3个水平的添加回收试验，平均回收率均处于80％～100％之间，RSD≤10.3％；无干扰现象出现。该方法可作为水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留检测的确证方法。

Cleaner and convenient preparation of 3-（4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy）-2-methyl-phenol

Environmental concerns have highlighted the need of cleaner technologies. A cleaner, convenient and selective technology has been developed for the preparation of 3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-2-methyl-phenol (DPMP) from 2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol in water as solvent. The isolated yield of DPMP is up to 86% in good selectivity. The product structure was characterized by conventional methods, H-NMR and MS. This technology belongs to the modern concept of 1 environmentally friendly low wastes or non-wastes technology (LWNWT).

Green fuel from coal via Fischer-Tropsch process： scenario of optimal condition of process and modelling

Extracting, transportation and the using from fossil fuels can damage to the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the Earth＇s atmosphere. But humans always need to this valuable substance. The production of oil derivatives by means of forest waste and coal through the Fischer-Tropsch process is an appropriate solution for the cleanliness of all parts of the environment. For the production of favorite products by the synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch, the performance of the catalyst under different operating conditions should be predictable. For this reason, in this paper, eight mathematical models were determined for the selectivity of five products of methane, light hydrocarbons, gasoline, diesel and wax based on three factors of reduction temperature, time on stream, and He/CO ratio inlet gas on iron-based catalyst. The results showed that the reduction temperature factor had the most effective on the selectivity of hydrocarbon products, exception diesel, so that the increase of the reduction temperature led to increase of the selectivity of methane, light hydrocarbons, gasoline and reduce of the degree of selectivity of the wax and vice versa. For the diesel selectivity, factor of the He/CO ratio inlet gas was the most effective than other factors.

Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Using Molecular Oxygen on MoOx/(LaCoO3+Co3O4)Catalysts

Comparatively high CH3OH selectivity (60.0%) and yield (6.7%) were obtained on MoOx/(LaCoO3+Co3O4) catalysts in selective oxidation of methane to methanol using molecular oxygen as oxidant. The interaction between MoOx and La-Co-oxide modified the molecular structure of molybdenum oxide and the ratio of O7O ' on the catalyst surface, which controlled the catalytic performance of MoOx/(LaCoO3+Co3O4) catalysts.

Study on Support Vector Machine Based on 1-Norm

The model of optimization problem for Support Vector Machine(SVM) is provided, which based on the definitions of the dual norm and the distance between a point and its projection onto a given plane. The model of improved Support Vector Machine based on 1-norm(1-SVM) is provided from the optimization problem, yet it is a discrete programming. With the smoothing technique and optimality knowledge, the discrete programming is changed into a continuous programming. Experimental results show that the algorithm is easy to implement and this method can select and suppress the problem features more efficiently. Illustrative examples show that the 1-SVM deal with the linear or nonlinear classification well.

Synthesis of 3-O-Benzoyl-1 ,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-allofuranose and Its Dimesylated Derivative

Diisopropylidenated α-D-glucofuranose （1） was oxidated with CrO3-pyridine complex. Oxidated product and its hydrate were separated and were reduced together to synthesize diisopropylidenated α-D-allofuranose （ 3）. The yield of 3 increased by 8% than that with only oxidated product as reduction substrate. Benzoylated derivative of 3 was selectively nydrolyzed and dimesylated to synthesize 3-O-benzoyl-1 .2- O- isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose （ 5 ） and its dimesylated derivative respectively. The overall yield of 5 from 1 was 36%. Each step and final products were analyzed by ^1H-NMR spectra and other methods. The experiments showed that the influence of acetic acid concentration on selective hydrolysis was obvious. The hydrolysis yield was 81.8%. Oxidation. reduction and other procedures were practical and had application potential.

Homogenization on solution treatment and its effects on the precipitation-hardening of selective laser melted 17-4PH stainless steel

17-4 precipitation-hardened(PH)stainless steel(SS)exhibits high strength and good corrosion resistance via Cu-precipitation hardening.Unlike conventional wrought 17-4PH SS,Cu segregation andε-Cu pre-cipitates are observed in additively manufactured(AM)17-4PH SS owing to the repeated rapid cooling after heating,which characterizes the AM process.In this study,solution treatment was conducted under various temperatures(1,000,1,050,1,100,and 1,200℃)and durations(1,2,4,and 8 h)to minimize the negative effects of Cu segregation andε-Cu precipitates on precipitation hardening.The mechanical prop-erties and microstructures of each condition for the Cu precipitation behavior were examined.Although theε-Cu precipitates did not disappear after solution treatment,the average diameter of theε-Cu precipi-tates tended to decrease with increasing solution treatment temperature and duration.Therefore,solution treatment at a temperature of 1,200℃ for 8 h was the best,resulting in improved strength compared to the conventional solution treatment at 1,050℃.Solution treatment on at least 1,100℃ is effective in AM.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Biofilm Inhibition of Functionally Graded TC4/TC4-5Cu Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting against Streptococcus mutans

Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)used in dentistry and orthopedics as implant biomaterial faces the risk of microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)owing to the residence of diverse oral microorganisms.Hereinto,Streptococcus mutans is a critical pathogenic microorganism that causes dental caries.This work investigated the corrosive effects of S.mutans on TC4 and functional gradient TC4/TC4-5Cu coupons fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM)through various electrochemical measurements,surface examination,observation of biofilm and corrosion analysis.The results indicated that the Cu-bearing alloy showed an inhibitory effect on the biofilms due to the release of Cu element,thereby reducing the corrosion rate of MIC.The corrosion current density(icorr)of TC4(11.7±0.8)nA cm−2 is higher than that of TC4/TC4-5Cu(7.4±0.4)nA cm−2 in the presence of S.mutans,while the maximum pit depth of TC4 is 1.6 times that of TC4/TC4-5Cu.Therefore,metal modification through Cu alloying is an effective strategy to improve the MIC resistance.

一般变分不等式的三步迭代算法

利用变分不等式和不动点问题的等价关系,给出了一个新的求解一般变分不等式的三步迭代算法;该算法在现有的两步迭代算法基础上,利用校正方法建立了第三步迭代公式;最后在适当条件下证明了该算法的收敛性,所得结论推广了该领域内的一些最新结果.

Selective laser melting 3D printing of Ni-based superalloy： understanding thermodynamic mechanisms

A mesoscopic model has been established to investigate the thermodynamic mechanisms and densification behavior of nickel-based superalloy during additive manufacturing/three-dimensional （3D） printing （AM/3DP） by numerical simulation, using a finite volume method （FVM）. The influence of the applied linear energy density （LED） on dimensions of the molten pool, thermodynamic mechanisms within the pool, bubbles migration and resultant densification behavior of AM/3DP-processed superalloy has been discussed. It reveals that the center of the molten pool slightly shifts with a lagging of 4 ktm towards the center of the moving laser beam. The Mar- angoni convection, which has various flow patterns, plays a crucial role in intensifying the convective heat and mass transfer, which is responsible for the bubbles migration and densification behavior of AM/3DP-processed parts. At an optimized LED of 221.5 J/m, the outward convection favors the numerous bubbles to escape from the molten pool easily and the resultant considerably high relative density of 98.9 % is achieved. However, as the applied LED further increases over 249.5 J/m, the convection pattern is apparently intensified with the formation of vortexes and the bubbles tend to be entrapped by the rotating flow within the molten pool, resulting in a large amount of residual porosity and a sharp reduction in densification of the superalloy. The change rules of the relative density and the corresponding distribution of porosity obtained by experiments are in accordance with the simulation results.

Effect of TiO_2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V 2O 5 supported on various TiO 2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico\|chemical measurements such as BET, NH\-3\|TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO\-2 surface properties on the SCR(selective catalytic reduction) activity of V\-2O\-5/TiO\-2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO\-2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V\-2O\-5/TiO\-2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.

有限多个集值映象公共不动点的修正的Mann迭代程序

研究用于寻求有限多个集值似Φ-伪压缩映象公共不动点的修正的Mann迭代程序.在似广义Lipschitzian条件下证明了分别在Hilbert空间与一致光滑Banach空间中由修正的Mann迭代程序生成的序列强收敛到这有限多个集值似Φ-伪压缩映象唯一的公共不动点.