Novelty of Different Distance Approach for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Challenges Using q-Rung Vague Sets

In this article,multiple attribute decision-making problems are solved using the vague normal set(VNS).It is possible to generalize the vague set(VS)and q-rung fuzzy set(FS)into the q-rung vague set(VS).A log q-rung normal vague weighted averaging(log q-rung NVWA),a log q-rung normal vague weighted geometric(log q-rung NVWG),a log generalized q-rung normal vague weighted averaging(log Gq-rung NVWA),and a log generalized q-rungnormal vagueweightedgeometric(logGq-rungNVWG)operator are discussed in this article.Adescription is provided of the scoring function,accuracy function and operational laws of the log q-rung VS.The algorithms underlying these functions are also described.A numerical example is provided to extend the Euclidean distance and the Humming distance.Additionally,idempotency,boundedness,commutativity,and monotonicity of the log q-rung VS are examined as they facilitate recognizing the optimal alternative more quickly and help clarify conceptualization.We chose five anemia patients with four types of symptoms including seizures,emotional shock or hysteria,brain cause,and high fever,who had either retrograde amnesia,anterograde amnesia,transient global amnesia,post-traumatic amnesia,or infantile amnesia.Natural numbers q are used to express the results of the models.To demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the models we are investigating,we compare several existing models with those that have been developed.

An Intelligent MCGDM Model in Green Suppliers Selection Using Interactional Aggregation Operators for Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Soft Sets

Green supplier selection is an important debate in green supply chain management(GSCM),attracting global attention from scholars,especially companies and policymakers.Companies frequently search for new ideas and strategies to assist them in realizing sustainable development.Because of the speculative character of human opinions,supplier selection frequently includes unreliable data,and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft set(IVPFSS)provides an exceptional capacity to cope with excessive fuzziness,inconsistency,and inexactness through the decision-making procedure.The main goal of this study is to come up with new operational laws for interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft numbers(IVPFSNs)and create two interaction operators-the intervalvalued Pythagorean fuzzy soft interaction weighted average(IVPFSIWA)and the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft interaction weighted geometric(IVPFSIWG)operators,and analyze their properties.These operators are highly advantageous in addressing uncertain problems by considering membership and non-membership values within intervals,providing a superior solution to other methods.Moreover,specialist judgments were calculated by the MCGDM technique,supporting the use of interaction AOs to regulate the interdependence and fundamental partiality of green supplier assessment aspects.Lastly,a statistical clarification of the planned method for green supplier selection is presented.

VR环境下SET GO教学法的构建及在耳鼻喉临床教学的应用

SET GO教学法也称为应诊录像教学法,就是在教学过程中,通过观察操作者的视频录像,进行教学的教学法。由于耳、鼻、喉的结构复杂,内部空间狭小,增加了视频录制的难度。在此背景下,吉林药学院附属医院将VR技术融入SET GO教学法中,借助VR技术录制成三维视频,使录制的视频清晰度更高,为SET GO教学法的实施提供了可行性。具体的教学环节分为前期教学、VR模拟操作及录制、VR录像加工、See和Else教学环节、Think教学环节、Goals和Offers教学环节等。通过以上环节的有序实施,提高了耳鼻喉科的临床教学效果。如在视频录制质量评价和SET GO教学效果评价方面,学生各项指标评价的良好率均在90%以上。建议进一步推广和应用。

Aggregation Operators for Decision Making Based on q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hypersoft Sets:An Application in Real Estate Project

In this paper,a decision-making problem with a q-rung orthopair fuzzy hypersoft environment is developed,and two operators of ordered weighted average and induced ordered weighted average are developed.Several fundamental features are also derived.The induced ordered weighted average operator is essential in a q-ROFH environment as the induced ordered aggregation operators are special cases of the existing aggregation operators that already exist in q-ROFH environments.The main function of these operators is to help decision-makers gain a complete understanding of uncertain facts.The proposed aggregation operator is applied to a decision-making problem,with the aim of selecting the most promising real estate project for investment.

Solving the k-Independent Sets Problem of Graphs by Gröbner Bases

The aim of this paper is to given an algebraic computational method for finding maximal independent sets as well as the independent number of an arbitrary finite graph of n vertices G by strengthening the problem of finding maximal independent sets of G to the problem of finding k-independent sets in G for. It is shown that the existence of k-independent sets in G is equivalent to the existence of solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations. It follows that the problem of finding k-independent sets can be realized by using Gröbner bases of polynomial ideals. Since the number of k-independent sets is finite, the triangular equations composed by Gröbner bases are easier to be solved. Consequently, the maximal independent sets and the independent number of G are obtained after solving at most n such equations. Finally, the numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this algebraic computational method.

Minimal Doubly Resolving Sets of Certain Families of Toeplitz Graph

The doubly resolving sets are a natural tool to identify where diffusion occurs in a complicated network.Many realworld phenomena,such as rumour spreading on social networks,the spread of infectious diseases,and the spread of the virus on the internet,may be modelled using information diffusion in networks.It is obviously impractical to monitor every node due to cost and overhead limits because there are too many nodes in the network,some of which may be unable or unwilling to send information about their state.As a result,the source localization problem is to find the number of nodes in the network that best explains the observed diffusion.This problem can be successfully solved by using its relationship with the well-studied related minimal doubly resolving set problem,which minimizes the number of observers required for accurate detection.This paper aims to investigate the minimal doubly resolving set for certain families of Toeplitz graph Tn(1,t),for t≥2 and n≥t+2.We come to the conclusion that for Tn(1,2),the metric and double metric dimensions are equal and for Tn(1,4),the double metric dimension is exactly one more than the metric dimension.Also,the double metric dimension for Tn(1,3)is equal to the metric dimension for n=5,6,7 and one greater than the metric dimension for n≥8.

A NOTE ON THE JULIA SETS OF ENTIRE SOLUTIONS TO DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Let f be an entire solution of the Tumura-Clunie type non-linear delay differential equation.We mainly investigate the dynamical properties of Julia sets of f,and the lower bound estimates of the measure of related limiting directions is verified.

Mathematical Morphology View of Topological Rough Sets and Its Applications

This article focuses on the relationship between mathematical morphology operations and rough sets,mainly based on the context of image retrieval and the basic image correspondence problem.Mathematical morphological procedures and set approximations in rough set theory have some clear parallels.Numerous initiatives have been made to connect rough sets with mathematical morphology.Numerous significant publications have been written in this field.Others attempt to show a direct connection between mathematical morphology and rough sets through relations,a pair of dual operations,and neighborhood systems.Rough sets are used to suggest a strategy to approximatemathematicalmorphology within the general paradigm of soft computing.A single framework is defined using a different technique that incorporates the key ideas of both rough sets and mathematical morphology.This paper examines rough set theory from the viewpoint of mathematical morphology to derive rough forms of themorphological structures of dilation,erosion,opening,and closing.These newly defined structures are applied to develop algorithm for the differential analysis of chest X-ray images from a COVID-19 patient with acute pneumonia and a health subject.The algorithm and rough morphological operations show promise for the delineation of lung occlusion in COVID-19 patients from chest X-rays.The foundations of mathematical morphology are covered in this article.After that,rough set theory ideas are taken into account,and their connections are examined.Finally,a suggested image retrieval application of the concepts from these two fields is provided.

Novel Distance Measures on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based on Equal-Probability Transformation and Their Application in Decision Making on Intersection Traffic Control

The purpose of this study is to reduce the uncertainty in the calculation process on hesitant fuzzy sets(HFSs).The innovation of this study is to unify the cardinal numbers of hesitant fuzzy elements(HFEs)in a special way.Firstly,a probability density function is assigned for any given HFE.Thereafter,equal-probability transformation is introduced to transform HFEs with different cardinal numbers on the condition into the same probability density function.The characteristic of this transformation is that the higher the consistency of the membership degrees in HFEs,the higher the credibility of the mentioned membership degrees is,then,the bigger the probability density values for them are.According to this transformation technique,a set of novel distance measures on HFSs is provided.Finally,an illustrative example of intersection traffic control is introduced to show the usefulness of the given distance measures.The example also shows that this study is a good complement to operation theories on HFSs.

MTA2、SET8蛋白在喉癌中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨MTA2、SET8蛋白在喉癌中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。方法收集喉癌患者205例作为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测MTA2、SET8阳性蛋白,采用Real-time PCR检测MTA2、SET8 mRNA表达水平。分析MTA2、SET8蛋白表达与喉癌患者临床病理特征的关系。Spearson相关性分析MTA2蛋白与SET8蛋白表达之间的关系。结果喉癌组MTA2、SET8蛋白阳性表达率(56.10%、54.15%)显著高于癌旁组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.926,P<0.001;χ^(2)=28.277,P<0.001);喉癌组MTA2、SET8 mRNA表达水平高于癌旁组,差异均具有统计学意义(t=25.005,P<0.001;t=20.390,P<0.001)。喉癌组织中MTA2、SET8蛋白阳性表达与性别、年龄、是否吸烟、临床分型均无关(P>0.05),与淋巴结是否转移、病理分级、临床分期有关(P<0.05)。Spearson相关性分析显示,MTA2蛋白与SET8蛋白表达呈现正相关(γ=0.477,P<0.05)。结论MTA2、SET8蛋白在喉癌中表达明显上升,且与喉癌的发展密切相关,预示其可能成为诊断分子的潜能。

All-electron ZORA triple zeta basis sets for the elements Cs-La and Hf-Rn

Segmented all-electron basis set of triple zeta valence quality plus polarization functions(TZP)for the elements of the fifth row to be used together with the zero-order regular approximation(ZORA)is carefully constructed.To correctly describe electrons distant from atomic nuclei,the basis set is augmented with diffuse functions giving rise to a set designated as ATZP-ZORA.At the ZORA-B3LYP theoretical level,these sets are used to calculate the ionization energy and mean dipole polarizability of some atoms,bond length,dissociation energy,and harmonic vibrational frequency of diatomic molecules.Then,these results are compared with the theoretical and experimental data found in the literature.Even considering that our sets are relatively compact,they are sufficiently accurate and reliable to perform property calculations involving simultaneously electrons from the inner shell and outer shell.The performances of the ZORA and second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonians are evaluated and the results are also discussed.

A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method Using Belief-Based Probabilistic Linguistic Term Sets and Its Application in Emergency Decision-Making

Probabilistic linguistic term sets(PLTSs)are an effective tool for expressing subjective human cognition that offer advantages in the field ofmulti-attribute decision-making(MADM).However,studies have found that PLTSs have lost their ability to accurately capture the views of decision-makers(DMs)in certain circumstances,such as when the DM hesitates between multiple linguistic terms or the decision information is incomplete,thus affecting their role in the decision-making process.Belief function theory is a leading streamof thought in uncertainty processing that is suitable for dealing with the limitations of PLTS.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to extend PLTS to incorporate belief function theory.First,we provide the basic concepts of the extended PLTS(i.e.,belief-based PLTS)through case analyses.Second,the aggregation operator of belief-based PLTS is defined with the ordered weighted average(OWA)-based soft likelihood function,which is improved by considering the reliability of the information source.Third,to measure the magnitude of different belief-based PLTSs,the belief interval of singleton is calculated,and the comparison method of belief-based PLTS is constructed based on probabilities.On the basis of the preceding discussion,we further develop an emergency decision framework that includes several novel techniques,such as attribute weight determination and decision information aggregation.Finally,the usefulness of the framework is demonstrated through a case study,and its effectiveness is illustrated through a series of comparisons.

Picture Fuzzy Relations over Picture Fuzzy Sets

Nowadays, picture fuzzy set theory is a flourishing field in mathematics with uncertainty by incorporating the concept of positive, negative and neutral membership degrees of an object. A traditional crisp relation represents the satisfaction or the dissatisfaction of relationship, connection or correspondence between the objects of two or more sets. However, there are some problems that can’t be solved through classical relationships, such as the relationship between two objects being vague. In those situations, picture fuzzy relation over picture fuzzy sets is an important and powerful concept which is suitable for describing correspondences between two vague objects. It represents the strength of association of the elements of picture fuzzy sets. It plays an important role in picture fuzzy modeling, inference and control system and also has important applications in relational databases, approximate reasoning, preference modeling, medical diagnosis, etc. In this article, we define picture fuzzy relations over picture fuzzy sets, including some other fundamental definitions with illustrations. The max-min and min-max compositions of picture fuzzy relations are defined in the light of picture fuzzy sets and discussed some properties related to them. The reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity of a picture fuzzy relation are described over a picture fuzzy set. Finally, various properties are explored related to the picture fuzzy relations over a picture fuzzy set.

Quantum algorithm for minimum dominating set problem with circuit design

Using quantum algorithms to solve various problems has attracted widespread attention with the development of quantum computing.Researchers are particularly interested in using the acceleration properties of quantum algorithms to solve NP-complete problems.This paper focuses on the well-known NP-complete problem of finding the minimum dominating set in undirected graphs.To expedite the search process,a quantum algorithm employing Grover’s search is proposed.However,a challenge arises from the unknown number of solutions for the minimum dominating set,rendering direct usage of original Grover’s search impossible.Thus,a swap test method is introduced to ascertain the number of iterations required.The oracle,diffusion operators,and swap test are designed with achievable quantum gates.The query complexity is O(1.414^(n))and the space complexity is O(n).To validate the proposed approach,qiskit software package is employed to simulate the quantum circuit,yielding the anticipated results.

Two-Sided Matching Decision Making with Multi-Attribute Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

In previous research on two-sided matching(TSM)decision,agents’preferences were often given in the form of exact values of ordinal numbers and linguistic phrase term sets.Nowdays,the matching agent cannot perform the exact evaluation in the TSM situations due to the great fuzziness of human thought and the complexity of reality.Probability hesitant fuzzy sets,however,have grown in popularity due to their advantages in communicating complex information.Therefore,this paper develops a TSM decision-making approach with multi-attribute probability hesitant fuzzy sets and unknown attribute weight information.The agent attribute weight vector should be obtained by using the maximum deviation method and Hamming distance.The probabilistic hesitancy fuzzy information matrix of each agent is then arranged to determine the comprehensive evaluation of two matching agent sets.The agent satisfaction degree is calculated using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Additionally,the multi-object programming technique is used to establish a TSM method with the objective of maximizing the agent satisfaction of two-sided agents,and the matching schemes are then established by solving the built model.The study concludes by providing a real-world supply-demand scenario to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The proposed method is more flexible than prior research since it expresses evaluation information using probability hesitating fuzzy sets and can be used in scenarios when attribute weight information is unclear.

基于SET-AHP-TRIZ的坐式康复训练器设计研究

为解决现有坐式康复训练器形式与功能单一、操作使用缺乏智能化等问题,文章构建了基于SET-AHP-TRIZ的设计思路。首先,对产品的现状、用户进行市场调研,采用SET分析法确定目标产品的机会缺口;其次,应用AHP法对需求点进行定量计算,以确定创新过程中需要着重改善的问题;最后,通过应用TRIZ理论分析出现的矛盾问题,并总结其矛盾类型,利用发明原理解决问题,进行坐式康复训练器设计实践,减少了设计过程主观因素的影响,使设计结果更为科学合理,以期提高用户的满意度。

Arterial Hypertension-Related Factors within Custodial Settings of Southern Benin in 2023

Introduction: Hypertension, a non-communicable disease, is a major public health threat worldwide, accounting for a high level of morbidity and mortality. Although it has been extensively published among the general population, further research is needed to understand the reality of hypertension within the custodial setting. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with arterial hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study held in prisons in southern Benin from March to April 2023, involving inmates selected by two-stage random sampling. In the first stage, four prisons out of the six in the southern region of Benin were selected by simple random sampling. In the second stage, the prisoners were selected by systematic random sampling, with the sampling frame being the numbered list of eligible prisoners in each prison selected. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using Stata 11 software. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight was defined by a body mass index (weight/height2 (kg/m2) ≥ 25. Factors associated with hypertension were identified by multiple logistic regression, at a 5% threshold of significance. Results: Altogether 336 inmates aged 37.55 ± 1.72 years were surveyed. The prevalence of hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023 was 31.32% (95% CI [17.06;52.57]). Associated factors were inmate age (ORa = 3.36 95% CI: [1.94;5.85]) and abnormal waist circumference (ORa = 2.61 95% CI [1.27;5.40]). Conclusion: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in prisons of southern Benin (31.32%) is high when compared with the national average (25.9% (22.5-29.3)). The ministries of the Interior and Health need to collaborate to involve inmates in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases, including hypertension.

Incidence and Survivability of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in the United States: Analysis of SEER Data Set from 2000-2019

The main goal of this research is to assess the impact of race, age at diagnosis, sex, and phenotype on the incidence and survivability of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) among patients in the United States. By taking these factors into account, the study aims to explore how existing cancer registry data can aid in the early detection and effective treatment of ALL in patients. Our hypothesis was that statistically significant correlations exist between race, age at which patients were diagnosed, sex, and phenotype of the ALL patients, and their rate of incidence and survivability data were evaluated using SEER*Stat statistical software from National Cancer Institute. Analysis of the incidence data revealed that a higher prevalence of ALL was among the Caucasian population. The majority of ALL cases (59%) occurred in patients aged between 0 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis, and 56% of the affected individuals were male. The B-cell phenotype was predominantly associated with ALL cases (73%). When analyzing survivability data, it was observed that the 5-year survival rates slightly exceeded the 10-year survival rates for the respective demographics. Survivability rates of African Americans patients were the lowest compared to Caucasian, Asian, Pacific Islanders, Alaskan Native, Native Americans and others. Survivability rates progressively decreased for older patients. Moreover, this study investigated the typical treatment methods applied to ALL patients, mainly comprising chemotherapy, with occasional supplementation of radiation therapy as required. The study demonstrated the considerable efficacy of chemotherapy in enhancing patients’ chances of survival, while those who remained untreated faced a less favorable prognosis from the disease. Although a significant amount of data and information exists, this study can help doctors in the future by diagnosing patients with certain characteristics. It will further assist the health care professionals in screening potential patients and early detection of cases. This could also save the lives of elderly patients who have a higher mortality rate from this disease.

Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network for Open Set Recognition of Electromagnetic Signal

This paper proposes a novel open set recognition method,the Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network(SDFEN),to address the problem of electromagnetic signal recognition in an open environment.The spatial distribution feature extraction layer in SDFEN replaces convolutional output neural networks with the spatial distribution features that focus more on inter-sample information by incorporating class center vectors.The designed hybrid loss function considers both intra-class distance and inter-class distance,thereby enhancing the similarity among samples of the same class and increasing the dissimilarity between samples of different classes during training.Consequently,this method allows unknown classes to occupy a larger space in the feature space.This reduces the possibility of overlap with known class samples and makes the boundaries between known and unknown samples more distinct.Additionally,the feature comparator threshold can be used to reject unknown samples.For signal open set recognition,seven methods,including the proposed method,are applied to two kinds of electromagnetic signal data:modulation signal and real-world emitter.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other six methods overall in a simulated open environment.Specifically,compared to the state-of-the-art Openmax method,the novel method achieves up to 8.87%and 5.25%higher micro-F-measures,respectively.

Prospective randomized study to evaluate and compare the post-procedural sexual function in patients undergoing semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy for distal ureteric stones in three different operating room settings

Objective:To evaluate and compare the effect of semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy on post-procedural sexual function with three different operating room settings.Methods:In this prospective randomized study,consecutive sexually active patients with normal pre-operative sexual function undergoing uncomplicated semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy for distal ureteric stones were randomized into three groups,with three different operating room settings.Procedure-related anxiety and sexual function were assessed pre-operatively using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale and Brief Sexual Function Inventory(in males)and Female Sexual Function Index-6(in females),respectively.All the participants were stented following the procedure,and the stent was removed after 3 weeks.Post-procedural sexual function and general discomfort were assessed and compared between three groups at 1 week,3 weeks,and 12 weeks.The effect of surgery-related anxiety,preoperative sexual function,age,and general discomfort(including stent-related discomfort)on post-procedural sexual function were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Totally,327 eligible patients were randomized into three groups.The group of patients who underwent the procedural with a screen separating the operating area from the patient vision,while the patient could watch the endoscopy through a separate monitor,had better post-procedural sexual function compared to those who had total vision of the operating area as well as to those whose eyes were blocked.This difference was statistically significant.This post-procedural reduction in sexual function could not be attributed to in situ stent alone.Conclusions:Our study showed that semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy can have significant negative effect on sexual function,which can be reduced with proper preoperative counseling and an ideal operating room settings.