基于“IDEAL”模式的物理问题解决能力培养研究

学生“物理问题解决能力弱”是长期困扰物理教学的问题,认知心理学关于问题解决的“IDEAL”模式为该问题的研究提供了新的视角。以2022年全国乙卷理综第25题为例,借助“IDEAL”模式可以清晰地梳理问题解决的过程,明确各阶段学生遇到的困难及成因。研究发现,借助“读思达”教学法,通过粗读、精读等过程,可以有效帮助学生建构物理模型、理清物理过程,从而提高物理问题解决能力。

Yeats’s Ideals:Women Old and Young

William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,Lady Gregory,and Georgie Hyde-Lees.Even in Yeats’s poetry involved with symbolism,it is worth noting that his employment of symbols has used these women as the archetypes,and that the historical context rendered Yeats’s representations of them in his poetry all the more interesting.

For the Ideal Homeland

A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban designer,she is held in high esteem in the academic and planning communities in the U.K.and is a fellow of the U.K.Academy of Social Sciences and former president of the Royal Town Planning Institute(RTPI)based in London.She is also chief executive and co-founder of the Digital Task Force for Planning(DTFP),a non-profit social enterprise,and founding director of London-based planning and urban design firm Wei Yang&Partners.

iDEAL-CIO: Instant Digital Express Advocated “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet

Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amount of intelligent content stored in the cloud. One such innovation introduces a ground-breaking concept to remove superfluous and outdated sequential search patterns that overwhelm the user and computer in order to better serve the user in an eclectic & elastic and multidimensional approach to finding, grouping, assimilation, organizing, and delivering archival content. The cloud intelligence outlet (CIO) is presented in this article as the perfect magic lamp option for quick digital express advocacy. The grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting (GIFT) method of multidimensional online synthetic/analytical intelligent content (MOSAIC) for adaptive intelligence is the fundamental intelligent aggregation and automated process of the Magic Lamp. Three perspectives above this new ideal framework are available to observe: The Magic Lamp proposes contextual and multiple analytical tracks to improve cloud intelligence services conceptually. Technically speaking, MOSAIC combines domain-specific services for a wide range of international users, and through the usage of Cloud Intelligence Outlet, GIFT operationally activates grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting to promote decent experience and in-depth research on target for users’ wants. Because of this, iDEAL-CIO works in tandem with cloud extraction, digital transformation, and archival loading to provide improved service through the readily accessible cloud intelligence outlet.

磁共振脂肪定量技术IDEAL-IQ评价腰椎骨质疏松严重程度的价值

目的 探讨基于MRI迭代最小二乘法水脂分离定量技术(IDEAL-IQ)的椎体骨髓脂肪分数(FF)值在评估腰椎骨质疏松严重程度中的价值。方法 收集88例同时接受双能X线骨密度测量(DXA)和腰椎IDEAL-IQ序列检查的患者,根据DXA结果分为正常骨量组(36例)、低骨量组(23例)和骨质疏松组(29例),并在IDEAL-IQ序列脂肪分数图中测量椎体的脂肪分数;应用单因素方差分析比较3组椎体的FF值,ROC曲线评估诊断效能;FF值与年龄、身高、体重、BMI指数以及BMD值进行Pearson相关分析。结果 正常骨量组、低骨量组、骨质疏松组FF值分别为(38.84±6.75)%、(51.96±7.65)%、(58.39±12.81)%,总体及组间比较差异显著(P<0.05);FF值识别正常组、低骨量组的AUC为0.797,以46.85%为阈值,敏感度、特异度分别为73.91%、80.56%;FF值识低骨量组、骨质疏松组的AUC为0.691,以57.12%为阈值,敏感度、特异度分别为79.31%、69.57%。FF值与年龄呈正相关(P<0.001,r=0.6059);FF与身高(P<0.001,r=-0.3783)、体重(P<0.001,r=-0.4686)、BMI(P<0.001,r=-0.3649)、BMD(p=0.01,r=-0.2738)呈负相关;与性别无明确相关性。结论 IDEAL-IQ能够精准量化椎体的骨髓脂肪含量,对评估骨质疏松症严重程度有一定价值,有助于从骨质量层面反映骨质疏松状态。

Generalized （∈, ∈ ∨ q）-fuzzy Ideals in BCK-algebras

In this paper, as a generalization of the notion of(∈, ∈∨ q)-fuzzy ideals, we introduced the notion of(∈, ∈∨ qδ)-fuzzy ideals and investigated their properties in BCKalgebras. Several equivalent characterizations of(∈, ∈∨ qδ)-fuzzy ideals are obtained and relations between(∈, ∈∨ qδ)-fuzzy ideals and ideals are discussed in BCK-algebras.

L-fuzzy h-ideals with Operators in Hemirings

The notions of M-hemirings and L-fuzzy left h-ideals with operators in M-hemirings are introduced, and some properties are investigated. Given an L-fuzzy left h-ideal with operators, a new L-fuzzy left h-ideal with operators is established. Using a collection of left M-h-ideals, L-fuzzy left h-ideals with operators are constructed. Moreover, the concept of M-Notherian M-hemiring is introduced and its characterization is given.

3.0 T磁共振T_(2)WI IDEAL及DTI在腰椎间盘退行性变中应用

目的 探讨3.0 T磁共振T_(2)加权成像(T_(2)WI)、三点法非对称回波水脂分离(IDEAL)成像及扩散张量成像(DTI)在腰椎间盘退行性变评估中的应用价值。方法 选择100例腰椎间盘退行性变患者,其中男性51例,女性49例;年龄14~85岁,平均年龄49.4岁;病程1天~3年,平均病程(65.0±16.2)天;发生椎间盘突出部位L_(1/2)椎间盘2例,L_(2/3)椎间盘7例,L_(3/4)椎间盘23例,L_(4/5)椎间盘56例,L5/S1椎间盘48例。采用T_(2)WI IDEAL水相位图根据Pfirrmann分级标准对椎间盘进行分级,并测量各椎间盘T_(2)信号强度(T_(2)SI)。采用矢状位DTI图测量各椎间盘部分各向异性系数(FA)及表观扩散系数(ADC)。比较椎间盘不同Pfirrmann分级间FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI,并统计分析FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI与Pfirrmann分级间的相关性。结果 腰腿痛患者中,Ⅰ级椎间盘19个,Ⅱ级椎间盘126个,Ⅲ级椎间盘178个,Ⅳ级椎间盘144个,Ⅴ级椎间盘33个。椎间盘不同Pfirrmann分级间FA、ADC值及T_(2)SI总体差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间多重比较显示,椎间盘ADC值在Ⅳ级与Ⅴ级之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅰ~Ⅲ级组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FA及T_(2)SI组间比较,除Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余Ⅲ~Ⅴ级组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间盘FA值与Pfirrmann分级呈中度正相关(r=0.626,P<0.05);ADC值与Pfirrmann分级呈高度负相关(r=-0.752,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与Pfirrmann分级呈高度负相关(r=-0.712,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与ADC值呈中度正相关(r=0.505,P<0.05);T_(2)SI与FA值呈弱负相关(r=-0.319,P<0.05)。结论 结合T_(2)WI IDEAL和DTI进行分析,可以为腰椎间盘退行性变的临床诊断及疗效评估提供参考依据。

On ideal convergence of double sequences in 2-fuzzy n-normed linear space

The purpose of this paper is to define the notions of convergence, Cauchy st–convergence, st–Cauchy, I –convergence and I –Cauchy for double sequences in 2–fuzzy n–normed spaces with respect to α–n–norms and study certain classical and standard properties related to these notions.

Exploration and optimization of surgical techniques for laparoscopic transhiatal lower mediastinal lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: A prospective IDEAL 2a study with qualitative design

Objective: To explore the change and feasibility of surgical techniques of laparoscopic transhiatal(TH)-lower mediastinal lymph node dissection(LMLND) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)according to Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up(IDEAL) 2a standards.Methods: Patients diagnosed with AEG who underwent laparoscopic TH-LMLND were prospectively included from April 14, 2020, to March 26, 2021. Clinical and pathological information as well as surgical outcomes were quantitatively analyzed. Semistructured interviews with the surgeon after each operation were qualitatively analyzed.Results: Thirty-five patients were included. There were no cases of transition to open surgery, but three cases involved combination with transthoracic surgery. In qualitative analysis, 108 items under three main themes were detected: explosion, dissection, and reconstruction. Revised instruction was subsequently designed according to the change in surgical technique and the cognitive process behind it. Three patients had anastomotic leaks postoperatively, with one classified as Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa.Conclusions: The surgical technique of laparoscopic TH-LMLND is stable and feasible;further IDEAL 2b research is warranted.

National Hypertension Day: Healthy Living, Ideal Blood Pressure

According to the “Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022” released by the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China is on the rise, with approximately 245 million people suffering from hypertension. October 8, 2023.

磁共振3D-IDEAL-IQ技术定量评估2型糖尿病大腿肌肉脂肪浸润

目的:采用MRI定量技术3D-IDEAL-IQ分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者与健康志愿者之间的大腿肌间、肌内脂肪浸润含量差异,并分析其分布情况。方法:搜集确诊为T2DM的男性患者23例,女性患者20例(T2DM组),招募年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者40例(对照组,男20例,女20例)。对所有受试者进行大腿中段的MRI检查,分别测量皮下脂肪面积和肌肉区域间脂肪面积,通过各肌肉脂肪分数计算肌肉内的脂肪面积及单纯肌肉面积。再根据人体解剖学分区将肌肉分群,分别计算各肌群的肌肉内脂肪面积及纯肌肉面积。结果:T2DM组的皮下脂肪面积(P=0.004)、肌肉区域间的脂肪面积(P<0.001)、肌内脂肪面积(P<0.001)绝对值均大于对照组;T2DM组的肌内脂肪面积相对值较对照组大(P<0.001),单纯肌肉面积相对值较对照组小(P=0.044),并且大腿前外侧群肌肉减少更为显著(P=0.003)。结论:3D-IDEAL-IQ定量技术可以用于评价T2DM患者大腿肌间和肌内脂肪浸润含量和分布;T2DM患者大腿骨骼肌的脂肪及肌肉的比率较健康人群产生变化,脂肪沉积更明显,肌肉含量更少,且前外侧群的肌肉受累较严重。

Approximations by Ideal Minimal Structure with Chemical Application

The theory of rough set represents a non-statistical methodology for analyzing ambiguity and imprecise information.It can be characterized by two crisp sets,named the upper and lower approximations that are used to determine the boundary region and accurate measure of any subset.This article endeavors to achieve the best approximation and the highest accuracy degree by using the minimal structure approximation space MSAS via ideal J.The novel approach(indicated by JMSAS)modifies the approximation space to diminish the bound-ary region and enhance the measure of accuracy.The suggested method is more accurate than Pawlak’s and EL-Sharkasy techniques.Via illustrated examples,several remarkable results using these notions are obtained and some of their properties are established.Several sorts of near open(resp.closed)sets based on JMSAS are studied.Furthermore,the connections between these assorted kinds of near-open sets in JMSAS are deduced.The advantages and disadvan-tages of the proposed approach compared to previous ones are examined.An algorithm using MATLAB and a framework for decision-making problems are verified.Finally,the chemical application for the classification of amino acids(AAs)is treated to highlight the significance of applying the suggested approximation.

基于IDEAL-CT试验评价后掺法温拌环氧沥青混合料抗裂性能

薄层环氧沥青在相对经济的条件下可实现路表长寿命,且后掺法工艺克服了其施工要求苛刻而导致应用受限的难题,可实现规模化应用,具有广阔的应用前景。为评价室内模拟后掺法工艺制备的环氧沥青混合料抗裂性能,采用沥青间接拉伸开裂(IDEAL-CT)试验,以最大荷载、最大位移、荷载-位移曲线75%最大荷载处斜率绝对值(∣m_(75)∣)和抗裂指数(CT)为评价指标,研究了纤维和沥青种类、公称最大粒径、沥青用量和空隙率对混合料抗裂性能的影响规律,并探究其抗裂性能评价指标的合理性。结果表明,在环氧沥青混合料中添加纤维、增加油量可延缓裂纹的发展,提高其抗裂性能,其中玄武岩纤维抗裂性能表现最优;环氧沥青混合料抗裂性能与集料公称最大粒径呈负相关,同时其骨架密实型混合料的抗裂性能优于悬浮密实型;混合料变密实,抗变形能力下降,裂纹扩展速度加快,抗裂性能降低;与SBS改性沥青相比,环氧沥青抵抗荷载开裂的能力较强,但抗裂缝延展能力较差,在可能出现变形大或不均匀沉降的结构上应用,应注意防止裂缝发生。评价指标上,最大位移对环氧沥青混合料抗裂性能评价敏感性差,不适合用于评价热固性沥青材料的抗裂性能。

An Unbounded Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on Ideal Lattices and Chinese Remainder Theorem

We propose an unbounded fully homomorphic encryption scheme, i.e. a scheme that allows one to compute on encrypted data for any desired functions without needing to decrypt the data or knowing the decryption keys. This is a rational solution to an old problem proposed by Rivest, Adleman, and Dertouzos [1] in 1978, and to some new problems that appeared in Peikert [2] as open questions 10 and open questions 11 a few years ago. Our scheme is completely different from the breakthrough work [3] of Gentry in 2009. Gentry’s bootstrapping technique constructs a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme from a somewhat homomorphic one that is powerful enough to evaluate its own decryption function. To date, it remains the only known way of obtaining unbounded FHE. Our construction of an unbounded FHE scheme is straightforward and can handle unbounded homomorphic computation on any refreshed ciphertexts without bootstrapping transformation technique.

IDEAL-IQ联合Micro-CT定量评估兔1型糖尿病骨髓脂肪含量和骨小梁微结构相关性的研究

目的 采用定量非对称回波的最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离序列(iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence, IDEAL-IQ)联合计算机显微断层扫描(micro computed tomography, Micro-CT)技术评估兔1型糖尿病腰椎骨髓脂肪含量和骨小梁微结构相关性。材料与方法 将16只雄性日本大耳白兔随机分为糖尿病组(n=8)和对照组(n=8),糖尿病组采用四氧嘧啶造模。在造模成功后第0、4、8、12、16周通过IDEAL-IQ定量评估兔腰椎骨髓脂肪含量。在第16周采用Micro-CT及组织病理学检查对兔腰椎骨小梁微结构进行定量评估。不同时间点腰椎IDEAL-IQ脂肪分数差异比较采用重复测量方差分析;同一时间点组间脂肪分数、Micro-CT骨小梁形态计量学参数、组织病理学参数差异比较采用独立样t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;采用Pearson相关系数评估骨髓脂肪分数与骨小梁形态计量学参数、组织病理学参数相关性。结果 糖尿病组骨髓脂肪含量随时间变化呈上升趋势,且差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照组各时间点脂肪含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病组与对照组腰椎骨髓脂肪分数在第16周差异有统计学意义(59.987±4.859 vs. 51.015±8.469,P<0.05);第16周糖尿病组骨体积、总表面积、骨表面积、骨表面积总体积比、骨小梁数量均低于对照组,而骨小梁分离度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组织病理学结果显示,与对照组相比,第16周糖尿病兔腰椎骨髓脂肪细胞数量(32.875±11.051 vs. 71.667±13.125, P<0.01)增加,而骨小梁数量(11.375±1.506vs.4.333±1.211, P<0.01)与骨小梁面积(0.927±0.071vs.0.312±0.100, P<0.01)明显减少;IDEAL-IQ脂肪分数与组织病理学脂肪细胞计数呈正相关关系(r=0.539 95%CI:0.012~0.832),与骨小梁模式因子、骨小梁结构模型指数、骨小梁分离度呈轻中度正相关关系,与骨矿物质密度、总体积、骨体积、骨体积分数、总表面积、骨表面积、骨表面积体积比、骨表面积总体积比、骨小梁数量呈轻至中度负相关关系。结论 1型糖尿病腰椎骨髓脂肪含量与骨小梁微结构变化存在相关性,IDEAL-IQ联合Micro-CT的多模态定量影像技术有望为1型糖尿病提供全面的骨髓微环境评估策略。

Impact of the Atlantic multidecadal variability on East Asian summer climate in idealized simulations

本文利用基于地球系统模式CESM1开展的北大西洋多年代际振荡理想化数值试验,研究了北大西洋多年代际振荡对东亚夏季气候的影响。结果显示,北大西洋多年代际振荡可以通过中纬度罗斯贝波以及热带开尔文波的传播两种途径影响东亚夏季气候.当北大西洋多年代际振荡处于正位相时,一方面,偏暖的北大西洋通过激发一条从北大西洋向下游传播的中纬度大气罗斯贝波列导致东亚陆地气压降低而西北太平洋气压升高,使得东亚-西北太平洋之间的海陆气压差增强;另一方面,偏暖的北大西洋激发赤道开尔文波东传,激发西北太平洋对流层低层出现反气旋式环流异常.通过以上两种途径,正位相的北大西洋多年代际振荡最终导致东亚夏季风增强,东亚地区夏季出现北湿南干和偏暖的气候。

双重伪补Ockham代数的理想与滤子的构造

序代数理论在理论计算机、多值逻辑学、信息系统科学等方面有着广泛且重要的应用。在序代数研究领域,理想和滤子是刻画代数结构的重要工具。双重伪补Ockham代数是在双重伪补代数和Ockham代数基础上定义的一类新的代数类,基于双重伪补Ockham代数的运算规律以及双重伪补运算与Ockham代数运算的关联性,对双重伪补Ockham代数的理想与滤子做进一步的研究。首先,运用Ockham代数的运算构造出双重伪补Ockham代数的滤子,并探讨了相关性质。其次,借助于双重伪补Ockham代数核理想和余核滤子的充要条件构造出了核理想和余核滤子的具体集合形式。所得结论为其他序代数类的理想和滤子性质的研究提供了方法,也将有助于进一步探索序代数理论在其他学科如模糊集、计算机科学中的应用。

关于我国林木育种向智能分子设计育种发展的思考

“作物育种4.0”的提出,为我国林木遗传育种指明了向智能分子设计育种发展的前进方向。本文提出了理想品种的概念及其智能设计实现条件,简要综述了我国林木遗传育种研究历史以及存在的问题,并提出了推动我国林木智能分子设计育种的发展对策等。林木遗传育种应该瞄准国家林业重大需求,有组织地选择重要树种系统布局,在推动树种高世代遗传改良及其利用的同时,准备系谱关系清晰的育种资源群体,做到等位变异有迹可循;解析重要性状遗传变异规律及其调控网络,实现基因调控有据可查;建立高效的多组学大数据整合分析以及育种群体构建、亲本选配和后代选择等分子设计育种技术方法体系,保证智能育种有“法”可依等。逐步解决我国林木遗传育种中存在的问题,为实施林木智能设计育种创造理想条件。在每一育种世代品种向理想品种选育的推进过程中,尽可能将智能分子设计育种的最新理论和技术成果应用于育种实践,选育出高产、优质、高抗的当前世代理想品种,满足国家林业发展的现实需要。

基于理想过程模型的探究学习评价——探究学习评价的新思路

在教育情境下,探究学习被定义为旨在达到特定高阶能力目标的学习过程。因此,其评价应侧重于过程取向,而非结果取向。为刻画理想的探究学习过程并保留情境信息,特别是学习目标信息,需对特定的探究学习设计进行理想过程建模,所生成的理想过程模型可作为评价实际发生的探究学习的标尺。探究学习的理想过程建模包括以下五个步骤:(1)完成探究学习的详案设计;(2)绘制探究学习活动所蕴含的知识建模图;(3)具体描述探究学习的整体过程;(4)将探究学习整个过程划分为多个环节,并绘制探究环节图;(5)将所有环节图按照探究学习的一般过程连接成一个整体,形成理想过程模型。对实际发生的探究学习也应进行上述操作,并在完成预处理后,生成探究学习的真实过程模型。通过比较真实过程模型与理想过程模型,找出差异点,依此可以评估实际发生的探究学习。这种评价方法不仅有助于了解探究学习的质量,还能为探究学习设计的改进提供反馈,更为重要的是,它可以使探究学习成为日常教学的一部分。