Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic ...Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.展开更多
L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled pro...L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.展开更多
[目的]探讨二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP-4i)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清肌酐(Cr)的影响。[方法]系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Science数据库,纳入DPP-4i治疗T2DM患者调节Cr的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用固定效应或随机效应...[目的]探讨二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP-4i)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清肌酐(Cr)的影响。[方法]系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Science数据库,纳入DPP-4i治疗T2DM患者调节Cr的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用固定效应或随机效应模型进行数据拟合,采用I^(2)指数定量评价异质性,使用标准方法进行敏感性分析和发表偏倚检验。[结果]经系统检索数据库,纳入12项RCT,共计2276名受试者。由于潜在异质性的原因,故采用随机效应模型进行数据拟合,DPP-4i治疗可轻度提高T2DM患者的Cr水平(WMD:0.15 mg/L,95%CI:0.03~0.27,I^(2)=18%,P=0.02),结果具有统计学差异。根据敏感性测试,Meta分析其结果较为可靠。同时进行Begg’s与Egger’s检验,未见发表偏倚。[结论]T2DM患者应用DPP-4i进行降糖治疗,可能会出现血Cr水平轻度升高。未来还需开展更大样本量的多中心研究,以进一步探讨DPP-4i治疗引起Cr水平改变的临床意义。展开更多
文摘Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.
文摘L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.
文摘[目的]探讨二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP-4i)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清肌酐(Cr)的影响。[方法]系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Science数据库,纳入DPP-4i治疗T2DM患者调节Cr的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用固定效应或随机效应模型进行数据拟合,采用I^(2)指数定量评价异质性,使用标准方法进行敏感性分析和发表偏倚检验。[结果]经系统检索数据库,纳入12项RCT,共计2276名受试者。由于潜在异质性的原因,故采用随机效应模型进行数据拟合,DPP-4i治疗可轻度提高T2DM患者的Cr水平(WMD:0.15 mg/L,95%CI:0.03~0.27,I^(2)=18%,P=0.02),结果具有统计学差异。根据敏感性测试,Meta分析其结果较为可靠。同时进行Begg’s与Egger’s检验,未见发表偏倚。[结论]T2DM患者应用DPP-4i进行降糖治疗,可能会出现血Cr水平轻度升高。未来还需开展更大样本量的多中心研究,以进一步探讨DPP-4i治疗引起Cr水平改变的临床意义。
