Host-induced silencing of MpPar6 confers Myzus persicae resistance in transgenic rape plants

Plant-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)has emerged as a promising technology for insect control.The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,feeds on over 400 species of host plants.Brassica napus(rape)is the second most important oilseed crop worldwide.Myzus persicae is highly reproductive and causes severe damage to the rape plants due to its quite flexible life cycle.In this study,we tested the RNAi effects of transgenic rape plants on M.persicae.By in vitro feeding M.persicae with artificial diets containing double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting seven aphid genes,we identified a new gene encoding the partitioning-defective protein 6(Par6)as the most potent RNAi target.Tissue-and stage-expression analysis of Par6 suggested this gene is highly expressed in the embryo and adult stage of M.persicae.We next generated transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 by Agrobacteriummediated transformation and obtained nine independent transgenic lines.Compared to wild-type control plants,transgenic rape lines expressing ds Par6 showed strong resistance to M.persicae.Feeding assays revealed that feeding transgenic rape plants to M.persicae significantly decreased MpPar6 expression and survival rate and impaired fecundity.Furthermore,we showed that the resistance levels to M.persicae are positively correlated with ds Par6 expression levels in transgenic rape plants.Our study demonstrates that transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 are efficiently protected from M.persicae.Interfering with the genes involved in embryo development could be the effective RNAi targets for controlling aphids and potentially other insect pests.

Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies identify BnPAP17 as conferring the utilization of organic phosphorus in oilseed rape

Phosphorus(P)is essential for living plants,and P deficiency is one of the key factors limiting the yield in rapeseed production worldwide.As the most important organ for plants,root morphology traits(RMTs)play a key role in P absorption.To investigate the genetic variability of RMT under low P availability,we dissected the genetic structure of RMTs by genome-wide association studies(GWAS),linkage mapping and candidate gene association studies(CGAS).A total of 52 suggestive loci were associated with RMTs under P stress conditions in 405 oilseed rape accessions.The purple acid phosphatase gene BnPAP17 was found to control the lateral root number(LRN)and root dry weight(RDW)under low P stress.The expression of BnPAP17 was increased in shoot tissue in P-efficient cultivars compared to root tissue and P-inefficient cultivars in response to low P stress.Moreover,the haplotype of BnPAP17^(Hap3)was detected for the selective breeding of P efficiency in oilseed rape.Over-expression of the BnPAP17^(Hap3)could promote the shoot and root growth with enhanced tolerance to low P stress and organic phosphorus(Po)utilization in oilseed rape.Collectively,these findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BnPAP17-mediated low P stress tolerance in oilseed rape.

Rape Breeding and Its Intellectual Property Protection in China

Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China.The national average rapeseed yield is only 2077.5 kg/hm^(2),and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm^(2).This paper introduced the main types,germplasm resources,breeding bases and breeding progress of Chinese rape,and studied its high-quality varieties,breeding patents and new varieties of agricultural plants.We analyzed the main problems such as serious loss of germplasm resources in Brassica campestris L.and Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss and weak"agricultural chip"in rape field,and put forward strategies such as strengthening the protection of rape germplasm resources,encouraging the development of"agricultural chip"in rape industry clusters with national advantages and characteristics,and strengthening the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights.

Geographical Indication Intellectual Property Protection and Regional Public Brand Construction of Rape Industry in China

As China s largest oil crop,rape occupies a central position in ensuring the safety of China s cooking oil supply.This paper introduced China s rapeseed industry from the rape type,rapeseed production,planting area,national rapeseed production protected area,rape national dominant characteristic industrial clusters,and rapeseed industry,etc.Besides,from the aspects of geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,and geographical indications of agricultural products,this paper discussed the intellectual property protection of geographical indications of rape,rapeseed,and rapeseed oil in China.It analyzed the main problems such as the lag in the formulation of relevant standards for geographical indications and the low use of special signs for geographical indications,and finally came up with recommendations including building a public brand of geographical indications and expanding foreign exchanges of geographical indications.

National Protection Zone for Rapeseed Production and Industrial Cluster of Rape in Hubei Province

Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.

An Artificial Approach for the Fractional Order Rape and Its Control Model

The current investigations provide the solutions of the nonlinear fractional order mathematical rape and its controlmodel using the strength of artificial neural networks(ANNs)along with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation approach(LMBA),i.e.,artificial neural networks-Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation approach(ANNs-LMBA).The fractional order investigations have been presented to find more realistic results of the mathematical form of the rape and its control model.The differential mathematical form of the nonlinear fractional order mathematical rape and its control model has six classes:susceptible native girls,infected immature girls,susceptible knowledgeable girls,infected knowledgeable girls,susceptible rapist population and infective rapist population.The rape and its control differential system using three different fractional order values is authenticated to perform the correctness of ANNs-LMBA.The data is used to present the rape and its control differential system is designated as 70%for training,14%for authorization and 16%for testing.The obtained performances of the ANNs-LMBA are compared with the dataset of the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme.To substantiate the consistency,aptitude,validity,exactness,and capability of the LMBA neural networks,the obtained numerical values are provided using the state transitions(STs),correlation,regression,mean square error(MSE)and error histograms(EHs).

Biotechnology ofα-linolenic acid in oilseed rape(Brassica napus)using FAD2 and FAD3 from chia(Salvia hispanica)

α-Linolenic acid(ALA,18:3Δ9,12,15)is an essential fatty acid for humans since it is the precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA).Modern people generally suffer from deficiency of ALA because most staple food oils are low or lack ALA content.Biotechnological enrichment of ALA in staple oil crops is a promising strategy.Chia(Salvia hispanica)has the highest ALA content in its seed oil among known oil crops.In this study,the FAD2 and FAD3 genes from chia were engineered into a staple oil crop,oilseed rape(Brassica napus),via Agrobaterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of their LP4-2A fusion gene construct driven by the seed-specific promoter P_(NapA).In seeds of T0,T1,and T2 lines,the average ALA contents were 20.86,23.54,and 24.92%,respectively,which were 2.21,2.68,and 3.03 folds of the non-transformed controls(9.42,8.78,and 8.22%),respectively.The highest seed ALA levels of T0,T1,and T2 plants were 38.41,35.98,and 39.19%respectively,which were 4.10-4.77 folds of the respective controls.FA-pathway enzyme genes(BnACCD,BnFATA,BnSAD,BnSCD,BnDGAT1,BnDGAT2,and BnDGAT3)and positive regulatory genes(BnWRI1,BnLEC1,BnL1L,BnLEC2,BnABI3,BnbZIP67,and BnMYB96)were all significantly up-regulated.In contrast,BnTT1,BnTT2,BnTT8,BnTT16,BnTTG1,and BnTTG2,encoding negative oil accumulation regulators but positive secondary metabolism regulators,were all significantly down-regulated.This means the foreign ShFAD2-ShFAD3 fusion gene,directly and indirectly,remodeled both positive and negative loci of the whole FA-related network in transgenic B.napus seeds.

Maternal-Fetal Pregnancy Complications of in Minors Raped with or without Physical Restraint in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: Pregnancy resulting from rape is a public health and sexual and reproductive health issue, especially among minors. Rape can be perpetrated with or without physical restraint. The objective of the present study is to highlight the prevalence of physical coercion leading to pregnancy and the associated maternal-fetal complications. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of complications associated with post-rape pregnancy by physical restraint among minors who were treated at the General Reference Hospital of Panzi over a two-year period from June 2020 to June 2022. A total of 140 minor survivors of violence with pregnancy were included in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, coded and analyzed in Excel and XLSTAT version 2014. Results: The prevalence of physical constraints was 65%. After mulltivariate analyses, denial of pregnancy (ORa: 9.64 95% CI: 1.1 - 81.2;p-value: 0.0370), attempted abortion (ORa: 56.1 95% CI: 1.5 - 2027.6;p-value: 0.0278) and agitation during delivery (ORa: 88.7 95% CI: 4.5 - 1715;p-value: 0.0030) were the complications associated with pregnancy in minors who experienced physical restraint rape. In addition, BMI was a factor in reducing the risk of physical restraint rape at the ORa of 0.5054 [0.3;0.8];p 0.006). Conclusion: Pregnancy among minors is a reality and occurs in a situation of physical coercion in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. These pregnancies are often associated with complications that require an intensive management system since they can jeopardize the maternal-fetal prognosis of minors.

面向夹持采收的油菜薹夹段茎秆离散元参数标定与优化

为提高离散元法对指导油菜薹有序采收装备设计与优化的准确性和可靠性,该研究以双行垄作移栽的“农大1号”双低甘蓝型油菜机械化适收期油菜薹夹段茎秆为对象,测定其本征参数、表面接触参数以及破碎力学参数,利用EDEM仿真软件Hertz-Mindlin无滑移模型和Hertz-Mindlin with bonding粘结模型建立夹段茎秆堆积仿真标定模型和破碎仿真标定模型。采用逐步调整仿真参数使仿真试验值与物理试验值逼近的方法,利用夹段茎秆堆积仿真标定模型,以休止角仿真试验值与实际物理试验值的相对误差为目标,完成夹段茎秆表面接触参数的标定与优化;利用破碎仿真标定模型,以轴向压缩和弯曲仿真试验与实际物理试验的最大轴向压缩力和最大弯曲力的相对误差为目标,利用标定后的表面接触参数完成夹段茎秆粘结参数的标定与优化。最后,利用夹段茎秆的径向压缩与剪切、内芯与表皮拉伸的破碎仿真力学试验和有序采收EDEM-Recurdyn耦合仿真试验验证标定后的表面接触参数和粘结参数。结果表明,仿真与实测试验的破碎力学参数相对误差在5%以内,且仿真与实测的“时间-载荷”曲线变化趋势一致,低速、中速和高速档的有序采收仿真试验结果与实际物理试验结果相对误差在7.0%以内。研究结果表明,采用离散元仿真方法研究油菜薹采收过程具有可行性,标定结果可用于指导油菜薹机械化生产。

基于YOLO v5的直播油菜激光间苗系统设计与试验

间苗是保证直播油菜增产的一项关键技术措施,为解决人工间苗劳动强度大、机械间苗不精确的问题,采用机器视觉的方式,基于深度学习算法YOLO v5平台,设计并搭建自动间苗装置。机器视觉系统评估幼苗种群的合理密植情况,间苗算法以间距和幼苗叶展为评估标准,实现控制幼苗间距和筛选优质苗的功能。选用遗传算法对间苗行进路径进行规划,相较于未规划路径可缩短最低为50%的行进距离,最终采用激光器高温烧除的方式完成间苗作业。选取油菜苗作为试验材料,间苗阈值α是划定幼苗最小间距的参数,设置不同的间苗阈值α进行试验。结果表明,间除苗的数量随着间苗阈值α的增加而增加,幼苗平均密度下降的同时种群分布趋于均匀,对间除苗的叶展长度分类统计,α为0~75 mm时,间除苗叶展长度全部在0~20 mm范围;α为75~200 mm时,间除苗叶展长度为0~40 mm,其中叶展长度为20~40 mm的最高占比约为76%;α为200~350 mm时,间除苗叶展长度在40 mm以上的幼苗开始增加,最高占比约为14%,间除苗叶展长度梯次分布证明了间苗算法具备筛选优质苗的性能。间苗执行阶段耗时占据间苗作业总耗时的90%以上,以激光走线参数L、激光器功率P、间苗距离阈值为试验因素,三因素三水平正交试验结果表明:选择合适的激光走线参数L能有效提高间苗死亡率、降低间苗误伤率和减少间苗耗时,在参数L为30 mm、P为7.5 W、α为250 mm下开展土槽台架性能验证试验,激光间苗平均死亡率为93.29%,平均误伤率为5.19%,平均总耗时为15.19 min,为开发基于机器视觉的激光自动间苗机提供了理论基础和技术支撑。

油菜抗根肿病品种在云南省西南发病区的田间评价

通过明确‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’2个抗根肿病油菜品种的田间抗性、农艺性状和产量情况,为油菜根肿病重发区筛选出优良的抗病品种。本研究在云南省西南地区的腾冲市、梁河县和临翔县3个油菜根肿病病区进行田间试验,采用本课题组研发品种和当地主推品种作为对照。田间试验结果显示,‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟安全越冬,生育期176~199d,各生育期表现整齐一致;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在腾冲和梁河点对油菜根肿病表现为高度抗病,在临翔点表现为抗病;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点的农艺性状良好;‘华双5R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产2.71%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’和‘德油1号’相比增产幅度为7.49%~56.83%;‘华油杂62R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产5.76%,比临翔点的‘德油1号’减产4.61%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’相比增产幅度为4.12%~51.90%。‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟,生育期176~199d,对根肿病表现出较强抗性,同时农艺性状良好、产量较高,可在云南省西南地区油菜根肿病病区推广种植。

中国油菜种业发展现状与对策研究

油菜种业作为食用油产业链上游的关键链条,其稳定健康发展对于保障我国植物油供给安全至关重要。该文从品种选育与保护、种子生产与推广、种子市场规模等方面对我国油菜种业发展现状进行全面阐述,深刻分析我国油菜种业发展存在的优异种质资源创新利用不足、突破性新品种缺乏、现有育种技术落后等问题,并从加大优异种质资源挖掘与创新利用、加快突破性新品种选育、加速现代油菜育种技术跨越式发展等方面提出推动我国油菜种业发展的政策建议。

强制、同意与性别平等:强奸罪入罪模式及其改革

我国刑法规定的强奸罪确立了以“强制手段”为核心要素的规范结构,可概括为强制模式。在强制手段或被害人反抗不明显的情形中,行为人违反被害人意愿实施性行为却难以受到刑法的制裁,从而使个人性自主权的保护存在重大漏洞。强制不是强奸罪不法的核心,违背他人意志才是强奸罪的本质。以同意替代强制是强奸罪法律规范发展的必然趋势。强奸罪立法的主要任务是为个体之间的性互动确立一个相对客观的、符合社会规范和性别平等价值的沟通规则。根据性互动的沟通结构及其特点,结合性互动行为的实践和不同模式的适用效果,我国宜采取修正的否定同意模式,即一般情形下适用否定同意模式,对虽然具有同意能力但其认知能力和防卫能力存在减损的脆弱人群应适用积极同意模式。

农户油菜种植意愿影响因素实证分析——基于江西省325个油菜种植户的调查数据

稳定发展油菜产业事关我国食用油安全战略,为扩大全国油菜种植面积,需要对农户油菜种植行为展开研究。基于江西省325份油菜种植户的调查数据,通过建立二元选择Logit模型,从农户生产特征、经济因素和政策因素等维度实证分析影响农户油菜种植意愿的因素。研究表明:油菜种植面积、机械化水平、菜油售价、肥田效果、旅游开发增收效果、直接补贴力度、农机补贴情况和农业保险参保情况对农户油菜种植意愿具有正向影响,种植成本和水稻补贴力度则具有负向影响。其中菜油售价、旅游开发增收效果、农机补贴情况和农业保险参保情况在1%水平上显著,机械化水平和直接补贴力度在5%水平上显著。因此,建议相关部门可从加大补贴力度、完善农业技术支持体系、推广机械化种植、提高农业保险覆盖率、开发油菜观光旅游项目等方面制定政策措施。

油菜角果叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用研究

该文研究油菜叶绿素含量传感检测技术在农业信息化中的应用,探讨其在作物生长监测、营养管理与施肥优化、病虫害预测与防控等方面的重要性。通过分析突出该技术在提高农业生产效率、实现资源精细管理方面的广泛应用。最后,该文也讨论该技术面临的测量误差与精度问题、传感器的稳定性与耐久性等挑战,期望通过不断深化研究,该技术能够更好地服务于现代农业的可持续发展与智能化管理。

安徽稻油两熟制不同种植方式下气候资源配置和演变

安徽沿江地区稻-油复种模式下茬口衔接紧密、光温资源紧张,季节间气候资源配置备受关注。移栽和直播是补充和调配气候资源的有效种植方式,而稻油两熟制中不同种植方式下不同作物生长季气候资源配置、演变特征以及对未来气候变化的适应性尚不清晰。本研究以安徽沿江地区27个气象站1992—2022年的气温、日照时数、总辐射和降水等气象资料为基础,分析了不同种植方式下稻-油复种季节间气候资源配置与演变特征以及光温生产潜力。结果表明,近30年稻-油复种模式下季节间总辐射量、日照时数和光合生产潜力均呈下降趋势,气温、降水量和光温生产潜力呈上升趋势。水稻季移栽和直播方式下总辐射量倾向率分别为-27.9 MJ·m^(-2)·(10a)^(-1)和-28.8MJ·m^(-2)·(10a)^(-1),油菜季分别为-40.5 MJ·m^(-2)·(10a)^(-1)和-26.6 MJ·m^(-2)·(10a)^(-1)。水稻季移栽和直播方式下平均日最高气温倾向率分别为0.30℃·(10a)^(-1)(P<0.05)和0.24℃·(10a)^(-1),最高达32.70℃(2022年,青阳)。油菜季移栽和直播方式下平均气温倾向率分别为0.36℃·(10a)^(-1)(P<0.01)和0.39℃·(10a)^(-1)(P<0.01),移栽方式下平均气温较直播方式高0.96~1.43℃。稻油两熟制两季均面临光资源持续下降和气温不断上升等问题,采用移栽方式可通过延长作物生育期优化光、温资源配置,提高光温生产潜力。同时,适当推迟移栽期将有利于应对油菜苗期和水稻花期的高温。直播方式下宜采用高光效品种和构建光资源高效利用作物群体。

江西油菜根肿菌生理小种鉴定及品种抗病性鉴定

油菜根肿病在江西省多市均有分布,尤以上饶婺源、吉安永新、九江瑞昌等地发生严重。为明确江西省油菜主产区根肿菌的生理小种,采用SCD鉴定系统对江西油菜主产区根肿菌进行了生理小种鉴定,结果共鉴定出3个生理小种类型:Pb1、Pb5和Pb12。为筛选出适于江西根肿病发病地区种植的油菜材料,开展了油菜材料对根肿菌的抗性测定。室内盆栽抗性测定表明,育种中间材料‘P360429001’‘2018362481’‘P360924009’‘P360281040’‘中油杂12’‘华油杂62R’和‘华双5R’的病情指数均低于或等于30.00,其中‘华油杂62R’和‘华双5R’表现为中抗水平。田间抗性测定结果表明,‘华油杂62R’‘秦优DK4’‘阳光50’和育种中间材料‘P360429001’‘ZS115R’的根肿病病情指数均低于30.00,但只有‘华油杂62R’对Pb1生理小种表现出中抗水平。本研究针对性地筛选出适于江西油菜根肿病发病地区种植的油菜材料,对江西油菜根肿病的防控和创制抗病性油菜资源提供了科学依据。

还田方式对绿肥油菜腐解特征与土壤养分含量的影响

为了明确果园绿肥在不同机械方式还田后腐解特征与土壤养分的变化规律,为南疆果园绿肥短期内高效还田、充分利用提供理论参考,在南疆香梨园行间种植油菜绿肥进行田间小区试验,设置4个处理(3种机械还田方式):旋耕机浅旋还田(T1-t1)、正常旋耕还田(T2-t2)、绿肥粉碎旋耕一体机还田(T3-t3)和1个对照(CK),探究不同还田方式下油菜的腐解、养分变化特征及土壤养分的变化规律。结果表明:3种还田处理下油菜的腐解特征和碳氮的释放规律相似,整体都表现为前期快、后期逐渐缓慢的趋势,其中t3处理相较其他处理更有利于油菜的腐解及养分的释放,且利用一级动力学方程能够很好地拟合相关规律;3种还田方式下土壤pH值呈现先降低后升高的趋势,其余指标均呈先升高再降低的趋势,各指标相较第0 d增降幅度大小依次为速效钾>碱解氮>有效磷>有机质>pH值,T1、T2、T3处理下土壤各指标均与CK存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中T3处理下土壤各指标增降幅度较为明显,且整个试验期内3个处理下土壤各指标间均存在一定的相关性。综上说明,在短期内T3-t3的还田方式下油菜的腐解及其对土壤养分的影响较其他两个处理更为显著,研究结果可作为南疆果园绿肥高效还田的主要机械还田方式。

西藏地区不同油菜品种(系)秸秆饲用品质分析

试验旨在探究西藏不同油菜品种(系)秸秆的饲用品质。以西藏普遍种植的10个油菜品种(系)为试验材料,对其秸秆粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等8个营养指标进行测定,采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对秸秆营养品质进行评价。结果显示,油菜秸秆粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与粗纤维含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);粗灰分含量与粗纤维含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);中性洗涤纤维含量与酸性洗涤纤维含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);酸性洗涤纤维含量与钙含量、磷含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);磷含量与钙含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。秸秆营养品质综合得分排序为:藏油3号>104005>166052-1>京华165>藏油5号>藏油12号>山油2号>彭波黄>湘油420>127025-1。研究表明,初步筛选出了适合西藏地区的优质油菜品种(系)秸秆为藏油3号、104005、166052-1,结果可为西藏地区油菜秸秆饲料化利用提供参考。

鄂中地区油菜专用肥施用效果

为明确油菜(Brassica napus L.)专用肥对鄂中地区直播油菜产量的提升效果,于2019—2021年在湖北省沙洋县开展了连续2年的田间试验,设置了不施肥、常规施肥、宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥4个施肥处理,考察各处理下成熟期油菜产量、地上部生物量、地上部养分含量、地上部养分积累量以及肥料偏生产力等的差异。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,常规施肥和专用肥处理均能显著提高油菜子产量;与常规施肥相比,专用肥处理总养分投入减少了41.3%,而两者油菜子产量无明显差异。施肥显著增加了油菜地上部生物量,促进了油菜地上部对养分的吸收。油菜专用肥处理显著提高了肥料偏生产力,与常规施肥处理相比,宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥处理平均肥料偏生产力在2019—2020年、2020—2021年分别提高了80.6%和68.2%。综上所述,油菜专用肥在保障油菜高产稳产的同时,提高了肥料利用率。