A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

The Historic Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Respecting and Protecting Human Rights in the New Era

In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has made historic achievements in respecting and protecting human rights.Building upon the principle of the“two integrations”(integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),it has nurtured new theories on respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,which can address the fundamental questions of whom and what the human rights protection efforts in the new era are for.Guided by the principle of“taking our own path,”it has charted a distinct course for the development of human rights,diverging from the Western approach.The CPC has maintained the unity between Party leadership and the respect for and protection of human rights,promoting progress in human rights through the pursuit of“high-quality development,”and ensuring various fundamental rights of the people through the rule of law.Building upon the past experience,the CPC has established the“source”of the institutional framework for respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,crafted the“body”of this institutional framework,and introduced its practical“application.”In promoting the comprehensive advancement of human rights protection,the CPC has facilitated the connotative development of human rights protection in China,empowering China in international human rights discourse,and contributing Chinese strength and wisdom to global human rights governance.

Protecting Biodiversity Promotes Harmonious COEXISTENCE BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE

For Chodor,a Tibetan herder living in the remote Shanza County of the Xizang Autonomous Region,protecting nature and wildlife is more than just a job-it's both a responsibility and a source of pride.

Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

Discussion on Influencing Factors of Water Resources Environment and Strategies for Protecting Water Ecology

At present,the major problems facing the water resource environment worldwide include water pollution,water resource shortage,and water ecosystem degradation.The discharge of industrial wastewater,agricultural non-point source pollution,and the discharge of urban sewage lead to a serious decline in water quality,which directly affects the safety of human drinking water and the living environment of aquatic organisms.Additionally,the unbalanced distribution and excessive exploitation of water resources lead to the problem of water shortage in many areas,which then leads to social and economic contradictions and ecological crises.In terms of ecosystems,the phenomena of water ecological degradation and reduction of biodiversity are increasingly obvious,and the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems are gradually declining.This paper aims to analyze the natural,social,and economic factors affecting the water resource environment,and propose effective strategies to protect the water ecology.To provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the long-term development of the water ecosystem.

Assessing the corrosion protection property of coatings loaded with corrosion inhibitors using the real-time atmospheric corrosion monitoring technique

The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.

Protecting critical infrastructure against cascading effects:The PRECINCT approach

Critical Infrastructures(CIs),which serve as the foundation of our modern society,are facing increasing risks from cyber threats,physical attacks,and natural disasters.Additionally,the interdependencies between CIs through-out their operational lifespan can also significantly impact their integrity and safety.As a result,enhancing the resilience of CIs has emerged as a top priority for many countries,including the European Union.This involves not only understanding the threats/attacks themselves but also gaining knowledge about the areas and infrastruc-tures that could potentially be affected.A European Union-funded project named PRECINCT(Preparedness and Resilience Enforcement for Critical INfrastructure Cascading Cyber-Physical Threats),under the Horizon 2020 program,tries to connect private and public stakeholders of CIs in a specific geographical area.The key objec-tive of this project is to establish a common cyber-physical security management approach that will ensure the protection of both citizens and infrastructures,creating a secure territory.This paper presents the components of PRECINCT,including a directory of PRECINCT Critical Infrastructure Protection(CIP)blueprints.These blueprints support CI communities in designing integrated ecosystems,operating and replicating PRECINCT components(or toolkits).The integration enables coordinated security and resilience management,incorporating improved’installation-specific’security solutions.Additionally,Serious Games(SG),and Digital Twins(DT)are a significant part of this project,serving as a novel vulnerability evaluation method for analysing complicated multi-system cascading effects in the PRECINCT Living Labs(LLs).The use of SG supports the concentrated advancement of innovative resilience enhancement services.

Protective activity of adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemia and/or reperfusion

Increasing evidence of the significant clinical value of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury has contributed to the realization of the independent importance of this approach in improving prognosis and reducing cardiovascular mortality.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)derived by adipose mesenchymal stem cells may mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells and provide regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties,which are enhanced byγ-aminobutyric acid.The protective effects on cardiac myocytes may result from the EV embarked by miR-21-5p,which is a target for thioredoxin-interacting protein,regulating the formation of thioredoxin-interacting protein-thioredoxin complexes and subsequently enhancing the antioxidant activity of thioredoxin.It has been found thatγ-aminobutyric acid governs myocardial bioenergetics through suppressing inflammation and supporting mitochondrial structure.Finally,stem cell-based cell-free therapy based on adipose-derived stem cell EVs is considered a promising approach to individualized management of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy.

Civil Affairs Authorities Bent on Protecting People's Basic Rights

In response to the global financial crisis,China’s civil affairs au-thorities redoubled their effort in 2009 to improve the livelihood of the Chinese people and protect their basic rights and interests under the constitutional principle of respectingand protecting human rights.

The Action of Aloe Anthraquinones in Protecting the Growth of Soybean from Ultraviolet Radiation Stress

In order to investigate the protective effect of aloe anthraquinones on growth and development of soybean against ultraviolet B radiation stress from the morphological structure and physio-chemical indices. The results showed that, stressed by the enhanced ultraviolet b radiation, the soybean gave a dwarfed plant, shrunken leaf area and decreased photosynthetic pigment, while an ascended MDA content. Spraying aloe anthraquinones effectively relieved the reductions of chloro- phyll content and biomass and decreased the production of MDA under the radia- tion of UV-B. Moreover, under the UV-B radiation, waxy substances on epidermal cells increased remarkably and the stomas showed obvious subsidence, while spraying aloe anthraquinones could maintain the structure and shape of cells similar to that under natural light, and the stomas subsidence as well.

Protecting Our Common Homestead:A Comparative Study on Attitudes Towards Man and Nature in Chinese and the Western Culture

In light of increasingly worsening environmental pollution,this paper,through comparing different attitudes towards the relationship between man and nature in Chinese and the western culture,points out rebuilding a harmonious relationship between man and nature is the common object of human being,and appeals to people to shake off man-centered thinking pattern,and to treat nature as our friend.

Protecting entanglement by detuning:in Markovian environments vs in non-Markovian environments

The models of two qubits separately trapped in two independent Markovian or non-Markovian environments have been investigated. The distinction of the two-qubit entanglement dynamics in different environments has also been discussed in detail. The results show that, in non-Markovian environments, the possible usage time of entanglement can be extended due to its memory effect. On the other hand, we note that, compared to Markovian environments, the two-qubit entanglement could be protected better in non-Markovian environments by modulating the detuning between qubits and cavities. Finally, an intuitive physicM interpretation for these results is given.

Synthesis and application of an IL-supported diol as protecting group for aldehydes

A new IL-supported diol, 1-（2,3-dihydroxypropyl）-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate has been synthesized and characterized by Fr-IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and MS （ESI）. Its physical properties such as freezing point, solubility and specific gravity and thermal stability were determined. Synthetic utilities of the resultant diol as a protecting group for aldehydes were also investigated.

QUANTUM-CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS OF SURFACE:NEW METHODS FOR PROTECTING MATERIALS FROM CORROSION

A new method of corrosion-resistant coating of technical iron is presented. Processing by vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules of the iron surface covered with oxide film of α-Fe2 03 results in modification of surface by creating a film of amorphous iron on it. The presence of iron films with crystalline and amorphous phases, having the different Fermi levels, leads to formation of potential differences between them. This potential difference is opposite to the external electric field, resulting in decrease of anode current and increase of corrosion resistance.

Boosting Zn||I_(2) Battery’s Performance by Coating a Zeolite‑Based Cation‑Exchange Protecting Layer

The intrinsically safe Zn||I_(2) battery,one of the leading candidates aiming to replace traditional Pb-acid batteries,is still seriously suffering from short shelf and cycling lifespan,due to the uncontrolled I_(3)^(−)-shuttling and dynamic parasitic reactions on Zn anodes.Considering the fact that almost all these detrimental processes terminate on the surfaces of Zn anodes,modifying Zn anodes’surface with protecting layers should be one of the most straightforward and thorough approaches to restrain these processes.Herein,a facile zeolite-based cation-exchange protecting layer is designed to comprehensively suppress the unfavored parasitic reactions on the Zn anodes.The negatively-charged cavities in the zeolite lattice provide highly accessible migration channels for Zn^(2+),while blocking anions and electrolyte from passing through.This low-cost cation-exchange protecting layer can simultaneously suppress self-discharge,anode corrosion/passivation,and Zn dendrite growth,awarding the Zn||I_(2) batteries with ultra-long cycle life(91.92%capacity retention after 5600 cycles at 2 A g^(−1)),high coulombic efficiencies(99.76%in average)and large capacity(203–196 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1)).This work provides a highly affordable approach for the construction of high-performance Zn-I_(2) aqueous batteries.

Protecting world heritage in China by enacting laws:Sustainable tourism development

Chinese scholars have been debating how to best protect and utilize world heritage.This study discusses three key perspectives on this issue,which are“conflict-focused”,“compromise-oriented”,and“coordination-oriented”.Some typical incidents,which involve damage to heritage resources,are analyzed before a coordination model is presented that maximizes the compatibility of sustainable tourism development and world heritage protection.Finally,this study explores the possibility of constructing a legal system that engages all the stakeholders in protecting world heritage.Chinese lawmakers,for example,should seize the opportunity to create a law concerning national parks,which will modify and integrate existing laws and regulations in order to produce a comprehensive legal system that embodies the fundamental values of world heritage protection and sustainable tourism development.This system should implement the following:(1)maximize the complementary aspects of and mutual benefits derived from both tourism development and world heritage protection;(2)pay special attention to the various restraints that are inherent in the fundamental requirements for world heritage protection;(3)make world heritage protection sustainable while supporting sustainable tourism development;and(4)emphasize the public-interest nature of profits that are obtained by tourism developers while ensuring that the income from tourism is proportionately allotted to heritage protection.

Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor as a target for protecting against apoptotic neuronal death and mitochondrial damage in ischemia

Focal ischemic stroke（FIS）results from the lack of blood flow in a particular region of the brain and accounts for about 80%of all human strokes.Although tremendous efforts have been made in translational research,the treatment strategies are still limited.Tissue plasminogen activator is the only FDA-approved drug currently available for acute stroke treatment,

Regulation on the Protection of Fossils Issued by the State Council of the People's Republic of China:Scientists' Researches Protected Legally—Further Explanation

With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,

The protecting effects and mechanism of betaine hydrochloride on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To study the protecting effects and mechanism of betaine hydrochloride on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Fourty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(8 animals in each group):sham-operated control group(A),hepatic ischemia-reperfusion group(B),200 mg·kg-1 400 mg·kg-1 800 mg·kg-1 betaine hydrochloride+hepatic ischemia-reperfusion group(C、D、E).betaine hydrochloride was administered to animals byoral route in group C、D、E for 7 days before ischemia.A、B group was administered with NS.Made the animal model of part hepatic ischemia-reperfusion.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels in the blood and themalondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),protein content in hepatic tissue were determined after the liver had been reperfused for 24 hours;the hepatic tissue was examined under lightmicroscope and the cell apoptosis was demonstrated with flow cytometry.Results ALT,AST,MDA increased and SOD decreased significantly in B group when compared those in the A group(P<0.05),Hepatic apoptosis was significantly increased;ALT,AST,MDA decreased and SOD increased significantly in betaine hydrochloride 200 mg·kg-1(C)group when compared those in the B group(P<0.05).Hepatic apoptosis was significantly lower,The histologic changes of the liver tissue under lightmicroscope in the C group was more easer than in the I/R group(B).Conclusions Betaine hydrochloride has the ability to scavenge oxygen free radical(OFR),reduce lipid peroxidation and inhibition of apoptosis.So it can protect the rats liver damaged by ischemia-reperfusion.

ESTABLISHMENT OF TAI PIN DI COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTING FOREST SYSTEM

A multi-function protecting forest system was planed and arranged elaborately for im-provement of the local ecological conditions and high economical benefit. The system in-cludes level farmland shelter belt network, hillside farmland shelter belt network, stereoscop-ic sparse-wood pasture, erosion control fuel forest, fast growing commercial forest, eco-nomical forest, salt-soda controlling project and salt-soda protecting forest on salt-sodaland, ect..