Recent years have seen a growing number of local officials choosing to promote their areas as influencers In the digital age,online celebrities attract public attention and influence followers more easily on issues su...Recent years have seen a growing number of local officials choosing to promote their areas as influencers In the digital age,online celebrities attract public attention and influence followers more easily on issues such as what to buy and where to go.The latest trend spreading among civil servants:becoming social media influencers to promote their hometowns.展开更多
In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a rule.While such syntactical patterns have been rich...In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a rule.While such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important functions.For each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is limited.One species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency spectrum.The objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding season.We hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most intense.Analysis revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined thereafter.That song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate attraction.Future work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the achievement motivation of the university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing.[Method] The research made an investigation on 429 university student village officia...[Objective] The aim was to explore the achievement motivation of the university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing.[Method] The research made an investigation on 429 university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing by the Achievements Motive Scale(AMS).[Result] The achievement motivation of these student village officials was not on a high level,but they tended to pursue the success motivation rather than the motivation to avoid failures obviously.There was a significant difference in the achievement motivation between different genders,majors and jobs.The males' motivation for success was higher than the females'.The motivation of avoiding failures among officials in Humanities was higher than in Science and in Fine Art.And the university student village officials in professional and technical posts or in business posts rated the motivation to avoid failures more important than in basic management posts.But achievement motivations in different urban-rural areas,educational levels,political backgrounds,whether student leaders or not,and durations were no definite differences.Besides,it had a significant effect on these student village officials' achievement motivation whether advices and suggestions were accepted;if yes,the motivation was higher.[Conclusion] This study had provided stability and development for building rural talent groups.展开更多
Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the pol...Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the policy made. Since the social consciousness on the development of IPE varies from person to person, it is conventionally indefinite and fuzzy. This paper applies fuzzy sets to analyse the government officials’ social consciousness on the IPE basis.展开更多
Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environ...Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.展开更多
BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting the decision of organ donation are socioeconomic,educational,cultural,and religious factors.AIM To evaluate Islamic religious officials’attitudes and behaviors toward a...BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting the decision of organ donation are socioeconomic,educational,cultural,and religious factors.AIM To evaluate Islamic religious officials’attitudes and behaviors toward and level of knowledge on organ donation and transplantation.METHODS This study surveyed 2350 Islamic religious officials in Turkey.To ensure a representative sample,we used and modified the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics.Based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-II,Turkey was divided into 26 regions.The number of Islamic religious officials in each city and town in each of the 26 regions was proportionate to the population.A stratified sampling method based on demographic factors,such as age,marital status,and educational level,was used.Data were collected by PRP Research and Consultancy Company using computer-assisted personal interviewing.RESULTS Of the 2350 religious officials surveyed,59.9%were in the age group of 35-54 years;84.7%had either a bachelor’s or a master’s degree;99.7%never donated an organ;and 75.4%were not considering donating in the future.About 22%of the religious officials said religious belief was their reason for not donating;45.3%did not indicate any reason.Although 41.5%of participants considered cadaveric organ donation as the best source of organ transplantation,36.3%deemed living donor transplantation as the best option.Meanwhile,52.9%of participants considered donating an organ from a brain dead relative in case they were asked for permission;80.1%considered donating to a relative,if necessary;81.6%considered undergoing organ transplantation,if necessary.About 83.7%of participants deemed organ donation as a proper human behavior;60.5%believed that it is allowed by Islam;55%said they preach for organ donation at their mosque;and 41.1%said their views of organ donation were influenced by their leaders in society.CONCLUSION Religious officials are unsure whether or not organ donation is respectful of their religious belief,but they consider donating an organ if a relative need to undergo organ transplantation.展开更多
文摘Recent years have seen a growing number of local officials choosing to promote their areas as influencers In the digital age,online celebrities attract public attention and influence followers more easily on issues such as what to buy and where to go.The latest trend spreading among civil servants:becoming social media influencers to promote their hometowns.
基金partly funded by an NSERC Discovery Grant received by LS Phillmorea UNB University Research Fund grant received by SP Roach
文摘In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a rule.While such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important functions.For each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is limited.One species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency spectrum.The objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding season.We hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most intense.Analysis revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined thereafter.That song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate attraction.Future work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the achievement motivation of the university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing.[Method] The research made an investigation on 429 university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing by the Achievements Motive Scale(AMS).[Result] The achievement motivation of these student village officials was not on a high level,but they tended to pursue the success motivation rather than the motivation to avoid failures obviously.There was a significant difference in the achievement motivation between different genders,majors and jobs.The males' motivation for success was higher than the females'.The motivation of avoiding failures among officials in Humanities was higher than in Science and in Fine Art.And the university student village officials in professional and technical posts or in business posts rated the motivation to avoid failures more important than in basic management posts.But achievement motivations in different urban-rural areas,educational levels,political backgrounds,whether student leaders or not,and durations were no definite differences.Besides,it had a significant effect on these student village officials' achievement motivation whether advices and suggestions were accepted;if yes,the motivation was higher.[Conclusion] This study had provided stability and development for building rural talent groups.
文摘Government policy is the key to the development of the individual and private economy (IPE).In the making of a policy, the social consciousness of government officials is one of the important factors to affect the policy made. Since the social consciousness on the development of IPE varies from person to person, it is conventionally indefinite and fuzzy. This paper applies fuzzy sets to analyse the government officials’ social consciousness on the IPE basis.
文摘Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.
基金Supported by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit,No.2018/1024.
文摘BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting the decision of organ donation are socioeconomic,educational,cultural,and religious factors.AIM To evaluate Islamic religious officials’attitudes and behaviors toward and level of knowledge on organ donation and transplantation.METHODS This study surveyed 2350 Islamic religious officials in Turkey.To ensure a representative sample,we used and modified the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics.Based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-II,Turkey was divided into 26 regions.The number of Islamic religious officials in each city and town in each of the 26 regions was proportionate to the population.A stratified sampling method based on demographic factors,such as age,marital status,and educational level,was used.Data were collected by PRP Research and Consultancy Company using computer-assisted personal interviewing.RESULTS Of the 2350 religious officials surveyed,59.9%were in the age group of 35-54 years;84.7%had either a bachelor’s or a master’s degree;99.7%never donated an organ;and 75.4%were not considering donating in the future.About 22%of the religious officials said religious belief was their reason for not donating;45.3%did not indicate any reason.Although 41.5%of participants considered cadaveric organ donation as the best source of organ transplantation,36.3%deemed living donor transplantation as the best option.Meanwhile,52.9%of participants considered donating an organ from a brain dead relative in case they were asked for permission;80.1%considered donating to a relative,if necessary;81.6%considered undergoing organ transplantation,if necessary.About 83.7%of participants deemed organ donation as a proper human behavior;60.5%believed that it is allowed by Islam;55%said they preach for organ donation at their mosque;and 41.1%said their views of organ donation were influenced by their leaders in society.CONCLUSION Religious officials are unsure whether or not organ donation is respectful of their religious belief,but they consider donating an organ if a relative need to undergo organ transplantation.
