Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry

Blockchain technology is a core,underlying technology with promising application prospects in the banking industry.On one hand,the banking industry in China is facing the impact of interest rate liberalization and profit decline caused by the narrowing interest-rate spread.On the other hand,it is also affected by economic transformation,Internet development,and financial innovations.Hence,the banking industry requires urgent transformation and is seeking new growth avenues.As such,blockchains could revolutionize the underlying technology of the payment clearing and credit information systems in banks,thus upgrading and transforming them.Blockchain applications also promote the formation of“multi-center,weakly intermediated”scenarios,which will enhance the efficiency of the banking industry.However,despite the permissionless and self-governing nature of blockchains,the regulation and actual implementation of a decentralized system are problems that remain to be resolved.Therefore,we propose the urgent establishment of a“regulatory sandbox”and the development of industry standards.

Distribution Orientation and Driving Mechanism of Geographical Pattern Change of China′s Banking Industry

By analyzing the relationship among government, market driving forces, distribution orientation of banking industry, service opportunity equality and spatial patterns, this paper proposes that it is distribution orientation that lead to the formation and evolution of spatial pattern of banking industry. The difference of the distribution orientation leads to the separation of the spatial pattern of banking industry, and the change of the distribution orientation leads to the change of spatial pattern. The degree of spatial pattern change is subject to the degree of change of distribution orientation, and the scale of bank resources in the regions, which supports the distribution orientation variation. Based on these theoretical frameworks, some indicators were designed to analyze the pattern change of China′s banking industry and its effects since 1995 under the change of the distribution orientation. This paper finds that the orientation of economic benefit maximization driven by market causes the banking industry to concentrate in economically developed regions.The government, which does not follow the orientation of economic benefit maximization, plays a role of stabilizer. Since the bank branches in the regions with the greatest change in bank branch distribution are too few, and regions with the greatest change in bank loan allocation are the regions with lots of loans, the pattern change of the banking industry in physical form is not as notable as that in economic form.

Hybrid Power Bank Deployment Model for Energy Supply Coverage Optimization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.

New Basle Capital Agreement and Risk Management of China＇s Banking Industry

Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect on the competition strength of every country＇s banks in the global market. Starting with illustration of the present cond（tion of risk management in China＇s banks, the paper analyzes the major problems existing in the risk management system of China＇s banking industry, then puts forward some clues and suggestions to improve and better the risk management system of China＇s banking industry.

Determinants of Mobile Banking Adoption in the Ghanaian Banking Industry: A Case of Access Bank Ghana Limited

The study examined the determinant of mobile banking adoption among bank customers in Ghana, with specific emphasis on Access Bank. In line with literature, the study applies theoretical frameworks which have been developed from existing literatures on innovation and adoption to collect responses from one hundred and fifty (150) sampled customers of Access Bank in order to investigate the determinants of mobile banking adoption in the Ghanaian banking industry. The results from the study revealed that, each factor measured had some level of significant effect on consumer intention to adopt and use mobile banking services provided by Access Bank. Additionally, the study unveiled that, perceived credibility and perceived financial cost were the major setback with regards to customers adoption of mobile banking services provided by Access Bank, and as a result of this, Ghanaians have formed a negative behavioural pattern towards mobile banking. In addition, the findings showed that, perceived credibility and perceived financial cost have a stronger effect on consumer intention to adopt and use mobile banking service than perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. It was, therefore, recommended that banks in Ghana should create more awareness through personal interaction with customers, develop quality initiatives in order to build customer’s confidence. Equally, banks should also review the cost of their mobile banking service.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence and the Interactive Voice Recognition in the Banking Industry in Sri Lanka

This research was conducted in qualitative approach.The researcher has worked with developing a framework based on the concept of artificial intelligence(AI)to introduce a new model.On that purpose,primary data were collected from hundred customers who enjoyed in services of interactive voice recognition(IVR)in the Banking Industry in Sri Lanka based on interviews with an open-ended question.The researcher has coded the collected data to spot the patterns to identify and analyze the core relationship in between AI and IVR;to discuss and to revise the developed model.The samples are selected in accordance with the intention to extract relevant information,and thus,the researcher has used non-probability sampling aimed to find respondents that had some experiences with any types of services in IVR.Data were analyzed by labeling them as“codes”and the researcher went through all the labels that were constructed in the previous stage;these were then categorized once more into themes.These themes and labels were then used to spot indications and patterns in the data that the researchers used when analyzing their primary data.The findings of this study suggest that customers are skeptical towards in interactive voice recognition in telephone customer services and believe that the service quality would be lower than regular telephone service.The findings did however reflect that customers are willing to cope or adjust to new technology as long as there are alternatives them to be satisfied.

The Thinking Path of Deepening Transformation and Innovation of Chinese Banking Industry under the Background of “New Normal” Economy

This paper analyzes the three big impact in the development of Chinese banking industry and discusses the limitations of financial innovation of Chinese banking industry.The results showed that:(1)deepening the banking system innovation to adapt to the new situation;(2)improving customers’experience by deepening model innovation of the internet financial;(3)improving intensive of bank branch operation and the intelligent of network service with the aid of informatization;(4)Providing individualized,characteristic and differentiated services for high-quality customers of banks and enhancing customer value through lightweight network outlets;and(5)Adapting to the development of new entity economy by comprehensive management,optimizing the operation mode of outlets,and strengthening the supply side reform of commercial banks themselves.

New Changes of Mobile Banking Industry and Mobile Terminal-Bank Account Problem Solving Model in the Digital Era

In the digital era, the mobile-empowered customers have new power in the palms of their hands, which means that their shoppingand buying behaviors are being totally transformed by the ability to buy anything at any time from any place. Bank account is the base camp ofmoney in economic activity, therefore who wins the mobile terminal who embraces bank accounts, who embraces bank accounts who achievesthe world, for the winner can master customer resource and business foundation. This passage focuses on the issue that how to create bankaccounts on mobile terminal for mobile banking industry in the digital era, introduced the developing background of mobile banking industry,analyzed the main challenges mobile banking industry faces, and finally concluded a workable mobile terminal-bank account problem solvingmodel from strategy level, technical level and marketing level.

The Impact of New Standard of Financial Instruments on Commercial Banks- A Case Study of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

In July 2014,《International Financial Reporting Standard 9:Financial Instruments》(Referred to IFRS 9)was formally published. Compared to the former standard,《International Accounting Standard 39: Financial Instruments》(Referred to IAS 39), rules of two main aspects, the classification and measurement of financial assets and the impairment model of financial assets have been changed in IFRS 9. Taking ICBC as an example, this paper studies the impact of changes in financial instruments on commercial banks. The study shows three impacts on commercial banks’ financial report. Firstly, the changes of the classification and measurement of financial assets will have limited impacts on commercial banks. Secondly, the expected-loss model will significantly increase the loan loss reserves under the new standard, thus reducing the net asset and net profit. Thirdly, the change in the measurement way of the equity instruments of available-for-sale securities will increase the fluctuation of the net profit. This study shows investors and regulators the impact of the new standard of financial instruments on commercial banks.

The Bank Industry Promotes Healthy Trade Development

The world trade situation is still changing and complicated,as a wave of trade protectionism surges and regional political risks increase.Such situations have added a lot of uncertainties to the world trade and economy.How will the bank i’ndustry behave to promote globalization and the development of world trade and support world economic opening-up through the advancement of Belt and Road Initiative?

The Impact of Nationalisation on CSR Policy in Citadele Bank and CR Study of the Latvian Retail Banking Sector

The present research paper is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of nationalisation on Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Policy in Citadele bank （formerly Parex） and Corporate Responsibility （CR） study of the Latvian banking sector. The goal is to analyse the notion of nationalisation, the history of Citadele bank, and to scrutinise CSR policy and its aspects. Research aim is to explore the impact of CSR activities implemented by Citadele on customers＇ views after the nationalisation of the bank. The research methodology involves the analysis of the existing theoretical literature and a quantitative research method-survey conducted by an international research agency. The article also explores CSR activities of commercial banks in Latvia by applying the comparative method of research.

Mixed Market Competition in a Quality Differentiated Duopoly Model An Approach to Banking Sector

This paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework to investigate the competitive implications of quality choices of financial institutions whereby they charge prices to consumers based on their willingness to pay for the service qualities in the mixed market scenario under vertical product differentiation model. Initially, it analyzes benchmark equilibrium solutions of monopoly and duopoly to establish the degree of quality differentiation between two private banks in an uncover market configuration. Further, it estimates the quality differentiation between private and public banks, and examines the interaction between two market structures keeping public bank as both leader and follower, and then measures the social welfare from different prospectives. The explicit operation of two stages Nash equilibrium game forecasted that public banks＇ monopoly seems to be still better than a private banking, and it is socially optimal. The outcome demonstrates a significant importance of vertical quality differentiation for policy implication in banking industry and provides an insight on the reasons of particular co-existence of public and private banking services in the specified location. In this context, it is concluded that the presence of public banks in banking industries is a crucial condition for obtaining the higher range of social welfare.

Study on Daily Accounting Profit Feasibility of Banking Based on Data Center

By the end of 2013, Chinese large-scaled commercial banks have basically completed the construction of IT banking system, in order to provide technical guarantee of deepening business operation and operation management reform. This indicates that our national banking industry information technology has been in a new level. This paper, based on the operation principle of commercial bank safety, liquidity and profitability, makes research on improving commercial banking profit data timeliness, accuracy, integrity and realizing daily accounting profit. According to survey, the four big banks have proposed the prospect of 2013 full scope implementing daily accounting profit. Thus, this paper, based on the profit accounting status of four big banks of data center, analyzes the feasibility of daily accounting profit and puts forward the relevant solutions.

“一带一路”共建国家银行业系统性风险的测度研究

有效识别“一带一路”共建国家的系统性风险及其关键驱动因素对平稳实现各国经济金融的深度融合具有重大的现实意义。基于150多万条银行微观股票数据和财务数据,通过构建压力时期回归模型的客观方法获得系统性风险三因素权重,在同一框架下利用规模、杠杆、关联性3个因子测算了银行、国家、“一带一路”共建国家系统3个层次的银行业系统性风险指数。研究结果表明,从系统性风险表现来看,“一带一路”共建国家整体的银行业系统性风险受全球宏观金融环境波动影响显著。此外,“一带一路”共建国家也会因为自身问题而出现银行业系统性风险上升的情形。印度、越南、印度尼西亚等国家是系统重要性国家,其银行业系统性风险水平较高;匈牙利、克罗地亚、罗马尼亚等国家的银行业系统性风险水平较低。银行业系统性风险较高的国家主要在于其有较高系统性风险贡献水平的银行,且各行业经济发展状况以及经济增长对国家层面系统性风险有显著的影响。从风险驱动因素看,关联性因子是驱动银行业系统性风险水平变化的主要因素,其次为规模因子和杠杆因子。

金融服务实体经济效率测度及影响因素研究

本文利用2000—2022年全国31个省(市、自治区)的数据,运用Malmquist指数测度了我国金融服务实体经济的效率及变化情况,并进一步运用GMM估计方法分析了银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重、普惠金融发展水平、实体经济产业结构、劳动力素质和外贸出口水平对金融服务实体经济效率的影响作用及效果。结果表明,受技术进步驱动,2000—2022年间我国金融服务实体经济效率整体呈上升趋势;这一效率受银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重等上述因素影响,其中除银行业垄断程度对金融服务实体经济效率存在负向影响外,其他因素均为正向影响,且以上影响在东部、中部、西部和东北地区存在异质性。据此,本文提出持续深化区域性金融供给侧改革;扩大股权债券融资规模,提高直接融资比重;鼓励中小银行发展,促进银行业内良性竞争等建议。

绿色信贷促进农业农村绿色产业发展路径探析

农业农村绿色产业是新时代乡村产业振兴的重要内容,绿色信贷是推动农业农村绿色产业发展的重要金融工具。当前农业农村绿色产业发展面临“经营风险大、投资回报率低、绿色信贷制度不完善、相关配套政策不足、绿色信贷不良率高、信贷周期长”等问题,制约了绿色信贷投放和绿色产业发展。为此,在农业农村绿色产业发展中,应完善绿色信贷政策扶持体系,健全绿色信贷市场机制,发展绿色信贷中介机构,提高金融机构的绿色信贷动力,发挥绿色信贷对农业农村绿色产业的金融服务功能。

银企信贷复杂网络下的银行业系统性风险研究——基于高碳行业视角

碳减排压力下,高碳企业向低碳转型内生的“转型风险”可能成为引发下一场系统性金融风险的“绿天鹅”事件。基于2013-2022年14个高碳行业的银企贷款数据,首先采用“银企”二分网络法,以高碳企业预期违约率作为风险传染强度指标,纵向度量“银企”的风险传导路径。研究发现银企间网络规模逐年扩大,尾部风险突出集中于化工行业,且主要由股份制商业银行承受。其次运用“银银”映射网络法,以银行间共同风险敞口作为风险传染强度指标,横向度量“银银”的风险传导路径。研究发现城市商业银行与农村商业银行日渐成为系统重要性银行,风险承担愈加凸显;国有控股大型商业银行自身输出较大银行间尾部风险,其对风险的扩散或防御至关重要。最后基于复杂网络筛选出系统重要性银行与风险传染性银行,运用动态CoVaR法度量尾部溢出的系统性风险贡献强度,全面捕捉风险从高碳企业到金融机构间“自下而上的风险测度逻辑”,从而为监管部门构建“自上而下的风险监管逻辑”提供现实依据。在“双碳”战略下,应出台专门的信贷支持政策推动重点行业实施节能减排,立足“银企”信贷网络的全局开展差异化管理和全面风险评估,在逆周期缓冲资本监管框架的挂钩变量中引入高碳行业尾部风险的新视角。

工业5.0时代中等和低收入国家职业教育转型及启示——对世界银行《创建更优质正规职业教育体系报告》的解读

为加快推进中等和低收入国家职业教育转型发展,适应工业5.0时代对职业人才培养的新需求,世界银行发布了《创建更优质正规职业教育体系报告》,明确了从“身份认同”向“追求卓越”、从“注重输入”向“强调效能”、从“推测决策”到“循证决策”三大转型战略,对我国新质生产力战略下的职业教育转型发展具有重要启示。

金融信贷档案对银行业风险影响因素的测度与实证分析

文章抽取金融信贷档案对银行业风险影响因素,通过专家咨询法确定了4个影响因素和15个二级影响因子,并采用ISM-MICMAC模型,分析金融信贷档案对银行业风险影响因素之间的层级关系与关联路径,并提出相应改进策略。研究发现,盈利能力报告、偿债能力报告、企业征信报告等档案信息作为独立因素群对银行业风险影响最大;个人信用报告、个人资信等级等档案信息作为自发因素群主要起着承上启下作用,对整个系统影响相对有限;现金流量表、资产负债表等档案信息作为依赖因素群具有低驱动性和高依赖性特点,易受其他因素影响。可以通过认真审查企业法定代表人档案、综合运用企业信用档案、持续跟踪企业经营档案和科学评估发展规划资料等途径,实现对金融信贷档案的全面测度与评估,以防范和控制银行业信贷风险。

金融分权影响民营企业融资约束的途径:一个补充讨论

从中国金融分权实施形式出发,分析地方银行作为金融分权的具体机构对民营企业融资约束的影响。首先,地方银行的建立确实会增加民营企业的信贷比率,但存在显著的地区差异,在经济发达、地方国有企业积极推进产业升级的地区这种促进作用更为显著。进一步研究发现,在切实缓解民营企业融资约束方面,重要的不是地方银行规模增加而是银行控制权结构优化,由地方政府向市场控制分权越多,越有利于缓解民营企业融资约束。从城市商业银行入手详细探讨银行控制权变化对其信贷倾向的影响,发现随着地方政府的退出和民营股权的增加,城市商业银行信贷中的民营企业信贷占比会显著增加。但是,并非地方政府退出程度越高越好,在发达地区地方政府过度退出反而不利;相反,在欠发达地区地方政府需要更大程度地退出才能有效促进城市商业银行为民营企业融资。因此,在适当扩大地方银行规模的基础上,优化其控制权结构和加快地方产业升级是缓解民营企业融资约束的关键之举。