^(23)Na is a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-active isotope with a nuclear spin quantum number of 3/2.^(23)Na relaxation phenomenon is at the core of ^(23)Na NMR measurement and analysis.Due to the dominance of quadru...^(23)Na is a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-active isotope with a nuclear spin quantum number of 3/2.^(23)Na relaxation phenomenon is at the core of ^(23)Na NMR measurement and analysis.Due to the dominance of quadrupolar interaction,the relaxation behavior of ^(23)Na is physically and mathematically more complex than that of a typical spin-1/2 isotope.In this review,we overview the semi-classical Redfield theory for deriving the formulations of ^(23)Na relaxation.We show that the relaxation behaviors of ^(23)Na can be quantitatively described by constructing the spectral density functions based on the second-order perturbation theory.In addition,we summarize the applications of ^(23)Na relaxometry in different research fields,including biomedicine,sodium ion batteries,and quantum information processing.Because sodium is an essential element in our body,food and industrial materials,the research on sodium by ^(23)Na NMR emerges as important future directions.The theoretical and practical understandings on ^(23)Na relaxation are the step stones for mastering advanced ^(23)Na NMR techniques.展开更多
目的通过研究慢性B淋巴细胞白血病（chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia，B—CLL）CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low和CD19^＋CD23^＋的相关性，探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low在B—CLL发生发展过程中的作用。方法将20例初次发病的B—CLL...目的通过研究慢性B淋巴细胞白血病（chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia，B—CLL）CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low和CD19^＋CD23^＋的相关性，探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low在B—CLL发生发展过程中的作用。方法将20例初次发病的B—CLL患者按临床分期的不同分为O-II期组、III-IV期组，设立正常对照组，应用流式细胞仪检测各组的研究对象外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low、CD19^＋、CD19^＋CD23^＋的表达量，比较各组间的差异。结果B—CLL O-II期组、III-IV期组患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low、CD19^＋、CD19^＋CD23^＋的表达量均明显高于正常对照组；B—CLL患者III-IV期组的CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low、CDl9^＋、CDl9^＋CD23^＋表达量明显高于O-II期组；CD4^＋CD25^＋highCDl27^Low、CDl9^＋CD23^＋有明显的正相关性。结论B—CLL患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋highCD127^Low的表达量增高，与CD19^＋、CD19^＋CD23^＋的表达量增高明显相关，可能是B—CLL患者CD19^＋CD23^＋克隆性增生原因之一．展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China 22275159 and 22072133.Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Zhejiang Province 2020R01003.
文摘^(23)Na is a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-active isotope with a nuclear spin quantum number of 3/2.^(23)Na relaxation phenomenon is at the core of ^(23)Na NMR measurement and analysis.Due to the dominance of quadrupolar interaction,the relaxation behavior of ^(23)Na is physically and mathematically more complex than that of a typical spin-1/2 isotope.In this review,we overview the semi-classical Redfield theory for deriving the formulations of ^(23)Na relaxation.We show that the relaxation behaviors of ^(23)Na can be quantitatively described by constructing the spectral density functions based on the second-order perturbation theory.In addition,we summarize the applications of ^(23)Na relaxometry in different research fields,including biomedicine,sodium ion batteries,and quantum information processing.Because sodium is an essential element in our body,food and industrial materials,the research on sodium by ^(23)Na NMR emerges as important future directions.The theoretical and practical understandings on ^(23)Na relaxation are the step stones for mastering advanced ^(23)Na NMR techniques.
