Preparation of Ephedra houttuynia Granule and Its Therapeutic Mechanism of Anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection Based on Network Pharmacology

The use of Chinese herbal medicines can replace antibiotics that cause drug-resistance problems,which are currently necessary for disease control.In this paper,a traditional Chinese medicine compound named Ephedra houttuynia granule for the treatment of Mycoplasma galliscepticum(MG)infection was prepared.Furthermore,its action mechanism was explored through network pharmacology.The optimal extraction and granulation processes of the compound were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method and L9 orthogonal test,and in the treatment experiment,Ephedra houttuynia granule showed a significant therapeutic effect on MG infection.In the study of network pharmacology,the results showed that the core targets of Ephedra houttuynia granule against MG infection were vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFA),fos proto-oncogene(FOS),prepro-coagulation factor II(F2),etc.,the gene ontology/kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(GO/KEGG)analysis results indicated that the signaling pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction,cAMP,IL-17,T cell receptor,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)might involve in anti-MG infection.In conclusion,this study would provide a new idea for elucidating the action mechanism of other diseases in veterinary clinic,which had a certain guiding significance.

Evaluating the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in pediatric patients with concurrent Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Epstein-Barr virus infections

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)frequently causes respiratory infections in children,whereas Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)typically presents subclinical manifestations in immunocompetent pediatric populations.The incidence of MP and EBV coinfections is often overlooked clinically,with the contributory role of EBV in pulmonary infections alongside MP remaining unclear.AIM To evaluate the serum concentrations of interleukin-2(IL-2)and interleukin-12(IL-12)in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia co-infected with EBV and assess their prognostic implications.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients diagnosed with MP and EBV co-infection,isolated MP infection,and a control group of healthy children,spanning from January 1,2018 to December 31,2021.Serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing poor prognosis,while receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves evaluated the prognostic utility of serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels in co-infected patients.RESULTS The co-infection group exhibited elevated serum IL-2 and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels compared to both the MP-only and control groups,with a reverse trend observed for IL-12(P<0.05).In the poor prognosis cohort,elevated CRP and IL-2 levels,alongside prolonged fever duration,contrasted with reduced IL-12 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified elevated IL-2 as an independent risk factor and high IL-12 as a protective factor for adverse outcomes(P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curves for IL-2,IL-12,and their combination in predicting poor prognosis were 0.815,0.895,and 0.915,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated serum IL-2 and diminished IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with MP and EBV co-infection correlate with poorer prognosis,with combined IL-2 and IL-12 levels offering enhanced predictive accuracy.

Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)inchildren.Methods:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed Database.SRs on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were included.The study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of CHM.The evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)criteria.The primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance time.The secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine levels.Results:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria.According to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point maximum.In all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with MPP.The evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(<5%).The most common downgrading factor was imprecision,followed by publication bias and inconsistency.Conclusion:This overview highlights the limited quality of the methodology and evidence of the included SRs.Although the included studies showed the beneficial effects of CHM on MPP in children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

Serum inflammatory markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their predictive value for mycoplasma severity

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)significantly impacts pediatric health,necessitating markers for early severe disease identification.AIM To investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory marker and the severity of MPP in children.METHODS A prospective study was carried out from January 2023 to November 2023.A total of 160 children with MPP who underwent treatment were selected:80 had severe MPP and 80 had mild MPP.Clinical and laboratory data were collected at the time of hospital admission and during hospitalization.Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the diagnostic and prognostic for severe MPP.RESULTS Fever duration and length of hospitalization in pediatric patients with severe MPP exceeded those with mild MPP.The incidence of pleural effusion,lung consolidation,and bronchopneumonia on imaging was markedly elevated in the severe MPP cohort compared to the mild MPP cohort.In contrast to the mild cohort,there was a notable increase in C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),erythrocyte sedimentation rate,lactic dehydrogenase,D-dimer,and inflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]in the severe MPP group were significantly higher.CONCLUSION Serum inflammatory markers(CRP,PCT,IL-6,D-dimer,IL-10 and TNF-α)were considered as predictors in children with severe MPP.

Study on the Correlation between Human Papillomavirus and Mycoplasma genitalium Combined with TCT Detection

Objective: This study aims to explore the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (CT) combined with TCT detection in cervical cancer screening. Method: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and a total of 609 women who came to seek medical treatment were recruited as the study subjects. Combination testing was evaluated on cervical cancer screening by testing the women for HPV, CT with TCT detection and analyzing the relationship of cervical lesions with HPV and CT infection. Results: The study results showed that 21.57% of the subjects were infected with both HPV and CT, and 48.42% of the cases had abnormal TCT results at the same time. Further data analysis showed that HPV infection was significantly associated with abnormal TCT outcomes (p < 0.05), suggesting a possible synergistic effect of the two infections in cervical lesions. The combined sensitivity and specificity of HPV, CT and TCT detection were 21.57% and 48.42%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study support the importance of combined HPV, CT, and TCT testing in cervical cancer screening, and propose the hypothesis that combined testing may improve screening effectiveness. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm this conclusion and explore the prospects of combined testing in clinical practice.

The Predictive Value of NLR, IL-6, CRP, and PCT in Mycoplasmal Pneumonia with Complicated Myocardial Injury

Objective:To evaluate the dynamic changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)complicated by myocardial injury and to determine their predictive value both individually and in combination.Methods:150 children diagnosed with MPP at Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2023 and June 2024 were selected.Patients were divided into the myocardial damage group(MD group,n=65)and the non-myocardial damage group(non-MD group,n=85),based on the presence of myocardial injury.Ninety hospitalized children without MPP served as the control group(Con group).Myocardial enzyme profile indicators,including lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I(hs-cTnI),creatine kinase(CK),and creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer.Serum NLR,IL-6,CRP,and PCT levels were determined using appropriate analyzers.The correlation between these markers and myocardial enzyme indicators was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for myocardial injury in MPP patients.Results:Serum levels of NLR,IL-6,CRP,and PCT in the MD and non-MD groups were significantly higher than in the Con group(P<0.05),with the MD group showing higher levels than the non-MD group(P<0.05).These markers were positively correlated with myocardial enzyme indicators.Logistic regression identified elevated NLR,IL-6,CRP,PCT,LDH,α-HBDH,AST,hs-cTnI,CK,and CK-MB as risk factors for myocardial injury in MPP patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:Elevated levels of NLR,IL-6,CRP,PCT,and myocardial enzymes are significant risk factors for myocardial injury in children with MPP,offering valuable insights for prevention and prognosis.

Analysis of the Role of D-Dimer,Interleukin-6,and Interleukin-18 in Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Objective:To analyze the value of D-dimer(D-D),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-18 in the differential diagnosis of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP).Methods:The medical records of 92 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)treated in the hospital were selected for retrospective analysis from January 2023 to January 2024.After comprehensive examinations such as computed tomography examination of the chest,48 children with general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(GMPP)were put in the GMPP group and 44 children with RMPP were grouped in the RMPP group.The IL-6,IL-18,and D-D levels were compared between the two groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to analyze their value for differential diagnosis of RMPP.Results:The levels of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D in the RMPP group were higher than those in the GMPP group(P<0.05);the ROC curves showed that the specificity of the differential diagnosis of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D was higher,and their diagnostic value was significant.Conclusion:Determination of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D levels in children with MPP can further diagnose the children’s condition,which can help physicians formulate targeted treatment plans,and is of great significance to the improvement of the children’s condition,which is worthy of attention.

Research Progress on Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

With the continuous development of medical technology,combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine has gradually become a research hotspot.As a common disease in pediatrics,the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children is also being explored and improved.This article summarizes the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment of MPP in children in recent years,aiming to provide a useful reference for the combined treatment of MPP in children.The article firstly introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of MPP in children,thereafter briefly introduces the Western anti-infective treatment and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of MPP in children,and lastly introduces the methods of combined treatment of TCM and Western medicine in detail.The article points out that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can give full play to the overall regulation of Chinese medicine and the precise treatment advantages of Western medicine,improve the therapeutic effect,reduce the use of antibiotics,and lower the recurrence rate of the disease,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

氟罗沙星对禽败血霉形体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum)病的药效研究

体外抑菌试验测得氟罗沙星（Ｆｌｅｒｏｘａｃｉｎ）对禽败血霉形体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）为０．０１５ｍｇ／Ｌ。体内药效试验表明，氟罗沙星以２５、５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ饮水给药和以５、１０、１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ肌注给药（１次／ｄ），连续用药５ｄ，对人工气囊接种禽败血霉形体培养液（０．２ｍＬ，约含１０８ｃｆｕ）的雏鸡，保护率均为１００％（３０／３０），而感染不给药组雏鸡存活率为９３．３％（２８／３０）；相对增重率分别为９０．８％、９１．５％、９２．３％和９１．５％、９１．８％、９２．９％，显著高于感染不给药组（７３．２％）；气囊损伤分分别为２．９３、２．６２、０．９３和１．８、１．１、１．０，而感染不给药组为６．５７，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清玻板凝集试验阳性率分别为２０％（２／１０）、１０％（１／１０）、０（０／１０）和３０％（３／１０）、１０％（１／１０）、１０％（１／１０），均极显著低于感染不给药组１００％（１０／１０）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。氟罗沙星不同给药途径及不同剂量间药效差异不显著。

Treatment Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection Spray against Experimental Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the treatment efficacy of tradi- tional Chinese veterinary medicine mycoplasma gatlisepticum infection spray against experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. [Method] Experimental chickens in- fected with mycoplasma gallisepticum were used as models to investigate the treat- ment efficacy of different doses of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine mycoplas- ma gallisepticum infection spray. [Result] Medication with traditional Chinese veteri- nary medicine mycoplasma gallisepticum infection spray for continuous 5 d showed certain treatment efficacy against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. The relative weight gain rate of 0.5 and 1.0 g/m3 dose groups was significantly higher than the infection control group （P〈0.01）; the cure rate of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection spray groups was significantly higher than the infection control group （P〈0.01） and showed no significant difference compared with Taimiaoling control group （P〉0.05）; the mortality rate showed no significant difference among various groups （P〉0.05）, indicating that traditional Chinese veterinary medicine mycoplasma gallisepticum in- fection spray has relatively ideal treatment efficacy against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. [Conclusion] This study provided reference for treatment of chickens infect- ed with mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Chinese herbal formulae defend against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

Mycoplasma gallisepticum HS strain(MG-HS)is a pathogen that causes chronic respiratory disease(CRD)in chicken,which is characterized by host respiratory inflammatory damage,brings huge economic losses to the poultry industry.Recently,emerging Chinese herbal medicines(CHM)have been used to treat CRD.This study was aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects and their potential mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicinal formulae(CHMF),which consisted of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine including Scutellaria,Houttuynia cordate and licorice,on MGinduced CRD in chickens.With respect to the preventive effect,the results showed that CHMF could effectively recover the MG-induced decrease on body weight and feed conversion ratio.Histopathological analysis showed that both prevention and treatment of CHMF could significantly alleviate the severe respiratory inflammation induced by MG infection.Moreover,compared with the MG infection group,both the prevention groups and the treatment groups of CHMF could effectively reduce the expression of MG adhesion protein(p MGA1.2)to inhibit the proliferation of MG,and thus effectively inhibit the expression of MG-induced inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).In summary,these findings confirm that CHMF can protect chickens from various tissue damage caused by MG infection and has no adverse effects on the performance of chickens in the short term.And its efficacy against MG is equal to or better than that of tiamulin.

Inactivated Vaccine Trial of <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>in Ethiopia

The study and entire laboratory works were conducted from December 2014 to April 2015 in National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) trial vaccine strain was confirmed the identity with known primer using PCR from locally isolates of National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to develop formaldehyde inactivated Montanide ISA70 based MG vaccine in Ethiopia. It can help to device strategies in controlling the disease mainly through developing more effective vaccine which will replace the currently being imported vaccines by some farms. After culturing procedure, oil based inactivated MG trial vaccine was produced in suitable clean and secure accommodation. In this study, among different isolates, local isolate of Samuel farm in NVI was prepared and evaluated in chickens. The amount of immune antigen per 0.5 ml of the dose was 107 Colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria. The trail vaccine was prepared and evaluated at the age of 16 weeks of chickens;the chickens were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), each having twenty birds (10 male and 10 female). Each of group B was vaccinated group of imported-live vaccine with 30 μl intraocularly for comparing with inactivated trial vaccine, each bird of group C was inoculated with 0.5 ml indigenous or trial vaccine subcutaneously at mid neck region and group A was used as a control then challenge tests were performed. After challenge test, among non-vaccinated chickens (control or group A) 2 chickens were died (10%), thicken and cloudy appearance of the air sac showed 18 (90%), 2 chickens were not showed thickened and cloudy air sack (10%). Although among vaccinated group (inactivated vaccine or group C), all chickens did not show clinical signs or post mortem changes (100%). From attenuated imported live vaccine (group B), no clinical signs or post mortem changes were observed (100%). It was concluded that oil based MG vaccine induces protective level of anti MG antibodies in chickens.

Clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in children caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae with or without myocardial damage:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)is a prevalent pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children and adolescents.AIM To assess the differences in the clinical features of MP-associated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children who presented with mild or severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP);to identify the incidence of myocardial damage between the two groups.METHODS This work is a retrospective study.We identified children between 2 mo and 16 years of age with clinical and radiological findings consistent with CAP.We admitted patients to the inpatient department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun,China,from January 2019 to December 2019.RESULTS A total of 409 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with MPP.Among them were 214(52.3%)males and 195(47.7%)females.The duration of fever and cough was the longest in severe MPP cases.Similarly,plasma levels of highly sensitive Creactive protein(t=-2.834,P<0.05),alanine transaminase(t=-2.511,P<0.05),aspartate aminotransferase(t=-2.939,P<0.05),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(t=-2.939,P<0.05)were all elevated in severe MPP cases compared with mild MPP cases,and these elevations were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conversely,the neutrophil percentage was significantly lower in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.The incidence of myocardial damage was significantly higher in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases(χ^(2)=157.078,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main cause of CAP.The incidence of myocardial damage was higher and statistically significant in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.

安徽部分地区鸡场鸡毒支原体与鸡滑液囊支原体感染与垂直传播调查

为了解安徽部分地区规模鸡场鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)和鸡滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)流行感染情况,试验采集21家鸡场鸡血液样品进行血清学调查,并对3家种鸡场的种鸡群及其后代雏鸡进行MG和MS的病原检测,分析种鸡及其后代雏鸡的感染情况。结果显示,MG和MS的鸡场血清阳性率分别为95.24%和90.48%,鸡群平均血清阳性率分别为75.08%和77.01%;商品蛋鸡和种鸡的MG和MS血清阳性率高于育雏育成鸡;鸡群日龄越大,MG和MS的血清阳性率越高,其中300日龄以上鸡群的血清阳性率均为100%。病原检测发现,种鸡场存在不同程度的MG和MS感染,其中MS感染率高于MG;种鸡感染率与其后代雏鸡的垂直感染存在显著正相关,并且在垂直感染的雏鸡关节组织检测出MS病原。结果表明,MG和MS在安徽鸡场中的感染较为严重,垂直传播是雏鸡早期感染的重要途径,并且MS在雏鸡垂直感染的早期即可侵入关节组织。

Isolation and Progeny Transmission of Non-Temperature-Sensitive MS-H Vaccine Strains of Mycoplasma synoviae from Temperature-Sensitive MS-H-Vaccinated Laying Breeder Hens

This pilot study reports the vertical transmission and reverse thermosensitivity of the MS-H vaccine strain of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) by RAPD in commercial breeders and their progeny. At two weeks of age, breeders were vaccinated with the ts+ MS-H strain. At 9 weeks of age, an outbreak of infectious synovitis (IS) was detected in the progeny. Tracheal swab samples were collected from breeders at 24, 39, 48, and 70 weeks of age. At 9 weeks, pullets swab from the elbow joints were collected. RAPD was performed on the isolates at 39.5°C, and the same ts- MS-H strains were identified in the breeder hens and their progeny. Tracheal swabs from breeder hens were negative to MS isolation at 37°C and 39.5°C at 24- and 39-weeks. MS isolation was recovered from tracheal swabs from 9/10 and 10/10 breeders at 48- and 70- week. At 9 weeks of age in the progeny, MS was isolated from tracheal swabs of 10/10 from non-IS pullets. MS was isolated from 9/10 joints samples. The isolates from breeder hens and their progeny showed non-significant differences in five antimycoplasmic MIC100 values;otherwise, enrofloxacin presented a significant difference in MIC100 value (p < 0.05). This investigation demonstrated the reversal of the thermosensitivity, pathogenicity, and vertical transmission of the MS-H strain. Consequently, it is crucial to contemplate the danger of reversing pathogenicity and transmission to progeny when applying the MS-H vaccine strain.

Identification and antibiotic susceptibility evaluation of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from chickens in central China

Mycoplasma synoviae(M.synoviae)infections have become an increasingly serious concern in China because they cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry.Antibiotic treatment is one of control strategies that can be used to contain clinical outbreaks in M.synoviae-free flocks,especially because the bacteria can be transmitted through eggs.To understand M.synoviae infection status in farms of central China and the antibiotic susceptibility of the circulating strains in vivo and in vitro,485 samples were collected from five provinces from 2019 to 2021.Fifty-two strains were isolated and identified.Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of eight antibiotics(tylvalosin,tiamulin,tilmicosin,lincomycin,enrofloxacin,chlortetracycline,doxycycline and tylosin)for isolates showed that tylvalosin,doxycycline and tiamulin were effective against 52 clinical isolates(MIC values≤0.0625-0.25μg/mL,≤0.0625-1μg/mL,and 0.25-2μg/mL,respectively).Tilmicosin,enrofloxacin and lincomycin had high MICo values(>32μg/mL).An artificial M.synoviae infection model was established in chickens for evaluation of the short-term therapeutic effect of these antibiotics.After 5 days of medication,doxycycline(200 mg/L)showed a superior ability to inhibit M.synoviae compared with other groups,as did tylvalosin(200 mg/L).Furthermore,the therapeutic efficacy of tylvalosin(0.4μg/mL)on intra-embryo-injected M.synoviae was higher than that of tiamulin at the same dose.A combination of MiC values determined in vitro and therapeutic effects observed in vivo revealed that tylvalosin and doxycycline had the best therapeutic effects.Tylvalosin also showed better inhibitory effects on the vertical transmis-sion of M.synoviae than tiamulin.

Antibiotics Resistance of Urogenital Mycoplasma in Sexually Active Women Attending Gynecologic Consultation in Douala (Cameroon)

Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the Douala General Hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 103 for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 104 for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.

滑液囊支原体与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒共感染对SPF鸡的致病性研究

为比较滑液囊支原体(MS)和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)共感染对SPF鸡的致病性,本研究将144只28日龄SPF鸡随机均分为阴性对照组、MS感染组、IBV-M41感染组、IBV-M41+MS共感染组、IBV-QX感染组、IBV-QX+MS共感染组共6组,采用50μL/只剂量按相应分组点眼感染MS (106CCU50)、IBV(105EID50),阴性对照组以50μL/只点眼KM2培养基(左眼)和PBS (右眼)。感染后每天观察临床症状,在感染后7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d每组随机剖检6只鸡,观察气囊炎和气囊损伤评分,并采集气管进行病原再分离,其中MS经支原体液体培养基培养后进行PCR鉴定,IBV接种SPF鸡胚后进行RT-PCR鉴定。此外,各组鸡气管均经10%甲醛固定后进行粘膜厚度检测以及病理损伤评分。结果显示:除阴性对照组和MS感染组,其他组鸡在感染后4 d均出现一过性呼吸道症状。剖检结果显示MS感染组鸡在感染后21 d出现气囊炎,28 d仍可见气囊炎;而IBV-M41感染组和IBV-QX感染组鸡在感染后7 d或14 d出现气囊炎,且气囊炎的发生率均未超过50%。感染后14 d IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡气囊炎发生率达100%(6/6),直至21 d并且大部分鸡气囊炎可持续至感染后28 d (5/6),而IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡气囊炎仅可持续至感染后21 d,且气囊炎的发生率最高在感染后14 d (5/6)。IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡平均气囊损伤评分在感染后14 d、21d和28 d均极显著高于单一感染组(P<0.001),而IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡仅在感染后14 d极显著高于单一感染组(P<0.001)。病原再分离结果显示,各感染组鸡均在气管中再分离到MS(感染后28 d内)或IBV(感染后7 d内)。病理损伤检测结果显示,共感染组鸡较各单一感染组鸡气管粘膜增厚持续时间更长以及病理损伤更为严重。IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡在感染后14 d平均气管粘膜厚度显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组(P<0.05),而在感染后21 d极显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组(P<0.001),其余各组鸡在感染后14 d和21 d均极显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡(P<0.001)。IBV M41+MS共感染组鸡最早14 d出现气管病变,而IBV QX+MS共感染组鸡在共感染后7 d就可见气管病理损伤,且共感染组鸡的平均气管损伤评分均极显著高于单一MS或IBV感染组(P<0.01或P<0.001)。上述结果证实MS和IBV共感染较单一感染对28日龄SPF鸡的致病性更强,IBV M41或QX株与MS共感染对SPF鸡的致病性存在差异,本研究为临床IB和MS的防控提供科学参考依据。

儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的Meta分析

背景近年来,儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的发病率持续上升,重症肺炎支原体肺炎的发病人数也相应升高,引起了临床医师的广泛关注。了解与重症肺炎支原体肺炎相关的危险因素,以判断患儿病情的严重程度、预防重症发生和减少后遗症,一直是研究的热点。虽然已经有许多关于重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的研究,但这些研究在时间和地理区域上存在差异,因此需要进行系统综述及分析以对其进行全面了解。目的系统评价重症肺炎支原体肺炎的危险因素。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普网(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、独秀学术搜索数据库(Duxiu)、中华医学期刊全文数据库(Yiigle)、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Science Direct和BioMed Central,检索涉及儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的相关研究,检索时限均从建库至2023年8月。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 14.0和RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入22个研究,均为回顾性病例对照研究,包括4531例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,C反应蛋白(CRP)(OR=1.92,95%CI=1.72~2.15,P<0.00001)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)(OR=2.61,95%CI=2.12~3.22,P<0.00001)、降钙素原(PCT)(OR=2.60,95%CI=1.43~4.75,P=0.002)、D-二聚体(OR=4.36,95%CI=2.93~6.50,P<0.00001)、白细胞计数(WBC)(OR=1.98,95%CI=1.66~2.36,P<0.00001)、肺下叶病变(OR=5.70,95%CI=3.48~9.35,P<0.00001)、肺大片状病变(OR=6.37,95%CI=4.09~9.92,P<0.00001)、高肺炎支原体抗体滴度(OR=2.83,95%CI=1.78~4.49,P<0.0001)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.00~1.05,P=0.05)、发热时间(OR=8.33,95%CI=3.38~20.56,P<0.00001)是儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的影响因素。结论炎性标志物(CRP、ESR、PCT、LDH、WBC)的升高、出现影像学特征性改变(大片状实变、下叶病变)、高肺炎支原体抗体滴度、D-二聚体升高以及发热时间延长可能为儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的危险因素。未来需要更高质量的研究来进一步探讨其他临床、影像学和实验室结果与儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎之间的关系,并基于发现的危险因素建立预后模型。

影像组学联合CT特征鉴别儿童支原体与非支原体肺炎

目的观察影像组学联合CT特征鉴别儿童支原体肺炎(MP)与非MP的价值。方法回顾性收集153例肺炎患儿,根据支原体RNA检测结果分为MP组(n=101)与非MP组(n=52);按7∶3比例分为训练集(n=107,含71例MP、36例非MP)和验证集(n=46,含30例MP、16例非MP)。比较2组CT表现,以F test算法基于训练集数据筛选6个最佳CT征象,以逻辑回归(LR)方法构建CT模型。基于训练集提取及筛选最佳影像组学特征,分别以LR、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)、线性判别分析(LDA)及随机梯度下降法(SGD)分类器构建机器学习(ML)模型;基于最佳CT征象及影像组学特征构建CT-ML模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估各模型鉴别MP与非MP的效能。结果病变累及右肺上、中、下叶,支气管壁增厚、树芽征及边缘回缩征为最佳CT征象,以之构建的CTLR在验证集的AUC为0.710。验证集中,ML_(LR)、ML_(SVM)、ML_(RF)、ML_(LDA)及ML_(SGD)的AUC分别为0.715、0.663、0.623、0.706及0.494,ML_(LR)为效能最优影像组学模型。CT-ML_(LR)、CT-ML_(SVM)、CT-ML_(RF)、CT-ML_(LDA)及CT-ML_(SGD)在验证集的AUC分别为0.813、0.823、0.649、0.796及0.665,CT-ML_(SVM)为效能最优CT-ML模型。训练集中,CT-ML_(SVM)的AUC(0.840)高于CTLR及ML_(LR)(AUC=0.713、0.740,P均<0.05);验证集中CTLR、ML_(LR)及CT-ML_(SVM)的AUC差异均无统计学意义(AUC=0.710、0.715及0.823,P均>0.05)。结论影像组学联合CT特征能有效鉴别儿童MP与非MP。